The tourist attractions of Vienna concentrate in three distinct areas. The largest cluster, centred on Schönbrunn Palace, attracted around five million visitors in 2009, down from six million in 2008. Museums and exhibitions of Hofburg Palace accounted for nearly two million visitors in 2008, with a significant decline in 2009. The third, and the newest, cluster of modern art museums in Museumsquartier attracted less than one million visitors.[1] Nearby duo of Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches museums, located halfway between Museumsquartier and Hofburg, also reported around one million visitors. The Landstraße district, which lies south-east of the old city, is home to art exhibitions at the Belvedere Palace and the KunstHausWien.
Vienna stands out among other European tourist destinations for being a "new old city", a city in transition from an older "picture city" like Florence and Venice to being a global city like Paris and London.[2] For six consecutive years, 2003–2008, tourism industry was on the rise, but in 2009 the global financial crisis caused a sharp decline, especially in long-distance tourism from Asia and North America. The new museums of modern art retained or even increased their attendance, but museums of classical art lost more than a third of their former ticket sales. According to preliminary data for the first half of 2010, Vienna is already past the bottom of the crisis and visitor numbers are rising again. In 2013, Vienna was ranked the world’s most livable city for the fifth consecutive year, playing host to 5.8 million tourists, a growth of over four percent as compared to 2012.[3]
In 2003–2008 the Austrian tourism industry enjoyed a six-year streak of growth, with each year beating the previous record by an average 2.1%.[4] [5] Tourism generated 8.4% of Austrian gross domestic product (23.6 billion Euros) and provided 181 thousand jobs.[6] The "top ten" of Vienna's tourist attractions in this period included the Schönbrunn Palace, Tiergarten Schönbrunn, the Albertina, the Wiener Riesenrad, the Hofburg Palace museums, the Belvedere, the Kunsthistorisches and Naturhistorisches museums, the KunstHausWien and the Donauturm observation deck.
In 2008, the effects of the unfolding global financial crisis on the economy were more than offset by a boost from the UEFA Euro 2008. The number of tourists reached an all-time high, although during the tournament itself museum attendance dropped by 60%, and theatres cancelled their shows altogether.[7] The crisis hit the Austrian tourist industry in the first quarter of 2009, when international tourist arrivals dropped by 8.6%.[8] Museum attendance suffered disproportionately higher losses. Ticket sales at Hofburg palace exhibitions dropped by 20%. Tickets sales at the Albertina, the most visited art collection in Vienna, dropped by more than a third, from 997 thousand in 2008 to 630 thousand in 2009. Its former third place in the list of Viennese attractions was taken over by the Wiener Riesenrad. The Schönbrunn Palace also recorded a drop in visitors, but its profits actually increased by a third.[9] Tiergarten Schönbrunn reported a "record drop" of 70% in February 2009[10] (50% for the first quarter of 2009). Practically all museums and zoos increased ticket prices, by an average of 16.7%, the first price hike since the introduction of the Euro in 2002.[11]
According to the Vienna Tourist Board, in 2009 the city's hotels recorded 4.385 million visitors (2008: 4.593 million). 20% of the visitors were Austrians, 24% were Germans, 5% Italians and 5% Americans. The worst losses were recorded among tourists from Asia, North America and Eastern Europe.[12] The state responded with promoting Austria in the neighbouring countries to compensate the losses in long-distance international tourism.[13] In the end of 2009, the trend reversed with an increase in tourists from Japan, Italy, Spain, Greece and Russia.[4] Recovery continued in the first half of 2010. Schönbrunn Palace recorded a 5% increase in ticket sales compared to the first half of 2009, Hofburg had a twelve per cent increase.[14]
Annual rankings of tourist attractions are compiled and published by the Vienna Tourist Board (German: Wiener Tourismusverband). The underlying tickets sales statistics counts all visitors, tourists and Viennese natives, together. Freely accessible landmarks are omitted from the statistics altogether. The symbol of Vienna, St. Stephen's Cathedral, ranks only seventeenth: the number (218,000 visitors in 2009) represents sales of tickets to its underground crypts, but access to the cathedral itself is free.[9]
The Schönbrunn Palace counts each entry by a holder of a multi-entry ticket as a separate visit. Thus, for example, in 2008 it sold 1.98 million tickets, but reported 2.581 million entries.[15] The Palmenhaus and the Wüstenhaus, tropical landscape exhibits in the historic greenhouses of Tiergarten Schönbrunn, are counted as separate tourist attractions. The three Hofburg exhibitions (the Imperial Apartments, Sisi Museum and the Imperial Silver collection) are usually visited as a package, and each combo ticket is counted as one visit.[16]
| Rank 2009 | Place | Visitors | Location | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006[17] | 2007[18] | 2008[19] | 2009[20] | ||||
| 1 | Schönbrunn Palace[21] Suburban palace of the Habsburgs | 2,507,000 | 2.590.000 | 2.581.000 | 2,467,000 | 48.1847°N 16.3122°W Schönbrunn Palace Park, Hietzing | |
| 2 | Tiergarten Schönbrunn[22] World's oldest public zoo established in 1752 | 2,270,996 | 2,453,987 | 2,578,698 | 2,183,000 | ||
| 3 | Wiener Riesenrad The Ferris wheel in Prater | 620,000 | 620,000 | 660,000 | 640,000 | 48.2167°N 16.3958°W Prater park, Leopoldstadt | |
| 4 | Albertina Museum of classical graphic arts | 725,759 | 557,307 | 997,000 | 630,000 | ||
| 5 | Imperial Apartments, Hofburg Palace Downtown residence of the Habsburgs | 634,000 | 625,000 | 632,000 | 586,000 | ||
| 6 | Kunsthistorisches Museum Museum of classical art | 618,522 | 619,318 | 937,090 | 582,000 | ||
| 7 | Upper Belvedere (former Austrian Gallery) Museum of classical and modern art. Gustav Klimt collection. | 430,073[23] | 594,678 | 807,283 | 448,000 | 48.1914°N 16.3811°W Prinz-Eugen-Straße 27, Landstraße | |
| 8 | Donauturm Observation deck of the highest structure in Vienna | 408,080 | 415,000 | 419,635 | 396,000 | ||
| 9 | Naturhistorisches Museum Museum of natural history | 368,801 | 397,140 | 372,778 | 392,000 | ||
| 10 | Haus des Meeres Public aquarium in a converted flak tower | 247,012 | 258,294 | 336,162 | 353,000 | ||
| 11 | Leopold Museum Museum of Austrian modern art | 301,000 | 302,000 | 291,000 | 316,000 | ||
| 12 | Lower Belvedere Temporary art exhibitions | [24] | 301,000 | ||||
| 13 | Technisches Museum Wien Museum of technology | 282,104 | 289,179 | 296,180 | 298,000 | 48.1908°N 16.3175°W Mariahilfer Straße 212, Penzing[25] | |
| 14 | Schatzkammer Austrian Crown Jewels on display in the former Imperial Treasury | 283,585 | 279,541 | 276,871 | 280,000 | ||
| 15 | Spanish Riding School Classical dressage show[26] | 218,000 | 233,711 | 279,000 | 257,000 | 48.2069°N 16.3669°W Hofburg Palace, Innere Stadt | |
| 16 | Museum Moderner Kunst Museum of international modern art | 206,000 | 243,617 | 234,960 | 241,000 | ||
| 17 | St. Stephen's Cathedral[27] The Mother Church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna | 168,000 | 190,633 | 500,000 | 218,000 | 48.2086°N 16.3731°W Stephansplatz, Innere Stadt | |
| 18 | Imperial Crypt Burial vault of the Habsburgs since 1633 | 246,600 | 230,000 | 234,531 | 215,000 | 48.2056°N 16.3697°W Capuchin Church, Neuermarkt, Innere Stadt | |
| 19 | Haus der Musik Interactive museum of music and sound | 200,743 | 199.533 | 203,000 | 205,000 | 48.2039°N 16.3733°W Seilerstätte 30, Innere Stadt | |
| 20 | Minopolis Theme park | 247,275 | 202,000 | ||||
| 21 | Karlskirche Panoramic lift and observation deck[28] | 150,000 | 180,000 | 180,000 | 200,000 | 48.1981°N 16.3719°W Karlsplatz, Wieden | |
| 22 | Museum für angewandte Kunst Museum of contemporary applied arts | 196,127 | 175,419 | 176,848 | 178,000 | 48.2075°N 16.3817°W Stubenring 5, Innere Stadt[29] | |
| 23 | KunstHausWien Museum of Friedensreich Hundertwasser | 388,571 | 376,934 | 294,672 | 174,000 | 48.2108°N 16.3933°W Untere Weißgerberstraße 13, Landstraße[30] | |
| 24 | 166,000 | 167,000 | 48.2042°N 16.3681°W Hanuschgasse 3, Innere Stadt[31] | ||||
| 25 | Palmenhaus Schönbrunn[32] Tropical exhibit in the historic greenhouse of the Tiergarten | 156,146 | 160,141 | 171,164 | 160,000 | ||
| 26 | The Prunksaal of the Austrian National Library The historical Grand Hall of the Court Library | 155,316 | 156.265 | 169,427 | 159,000 | ||
| 27 | Austrian Parliament Building Guided tours through the parliament building | 123,440 | 149,000 | Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring 3, Innere Stadt | |||
| 28 | Mozarthaus Mozart's residence from 1784 to 1787 | 203,098 | 135,815 | 133,263 | 141,000 | 48.2081°N 16.3756°W Domgasse 5, Innere Stadt | |
| 29 | Heeresgeschichtliches Museum Military history museum | 126,000 | 140,000 | 48.1853°N 16.3875°W Former Arsenal buildings, Landstraße | |||
| 30 | Wüstenhaus Schönbrunn Desert exhibit in the historic greenhouse of the Tiergarten | 135,000 | |||||
Museums in Vienna not included in the 2009 top thirty ranking:
Bohemian Prater a historical but still functioning amusement park.