Tourism in Singapore explained

Tourism in Singapore is a major industry and contributor to the Singaporean economy. In 2019, 19,114,002 tourists visited the country, which was the highest recorded number of arrivals since independence in 1965. As of 2023, as tourist arrivals recovers from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were a total of 13,610,404 international tourists that have visited Singapore, which was more than twice the country's total population.

The country is marketed as a "City In Nature" destination by the Singapore Tourism Board under its 'Made in Singapore' campaign in 2023, with sustainable tourism as part of the campaign efforts.[1] It also claims to be environmentally friendly, and maintains natural and heritage conservation programs. Along with this, it also has one of the world's lowest crime rates. As English is the dominant one of its four official languages, it is generally easier for tourists to understand when speaking to the local population of the country, for example, when shopping. Transport in Singapore exhaustively covers most, if not all public venues in Singapore, which increases convenience for tourists. This includes the well-known Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system. Singapore is the 5th most visited city in the world, and 2nd in Asia-Pacific.[2]

The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017 ranks Singapore 13th out of 136 countries overall, which was the third best in Asia only behind Japan (ranked 4th) and Hong Kong (ranked 11th). The report ranks Singapore's business environment, international openness, also travel and tourism policy and enabling conditions as the best in the world (ranked 1st). However, the island nation scored rather low in natural and cultural resources sub-index (ranked 40th).[3] [4]

History

In January 1964, the Singapore Tourism Board (then known as Singapore Tourist Promotion Board), was set up to market Singapore, then a state of Malaysia, as a destination for tourists, to develop and to regulate the tourism industry.[5] [6] [7] The Government of Singapore had aimed to create more jobs, income and to facilitate trade within Singapore, through the development of the tourism industry.[8] Throughout the 1960s to 70s, the tourism board ran multiple advertising campaigns aimed at drawing visitors from different countries and published monthly newsletters to promote multiple attractions in Singapore.[9] [10] The Merlion was also created as the Singapore Tourism Board's logo in 1964 and was used in promotional materials. [11] The Merlion eventually became a well-known Singaporean icon and in 1972, a Merlion statue was erected in the Merlion Park.[12] In 1977, there was a record of 1.5 million visitors to the country and tourist receipts were estimated to be S$628 million as compared to 522,000 visitors and S$269 million in tourist expenditure in 1970.[13]

Throughout the 1980s to 1990s, the tourism board aimed to market the culture of Singapore to visitors through the renewal of infrastructure in historical areas such as Chinatown and development of new venues for hosting concerts and conventions.[14] [15] In 2005, the government of Singapore announced the development of 2 integrated resorts in Marina South and Sentosa.[16] Plans to develop Gardens by the Bay were also announced in that same year.[17] The resorts were part of plans to boost the tourism industry which had been facing intense competition from other destinations around the region, particularly from nearby Bangkok and Hong Kong, which has since also considered legalisation of casinos in the wake of initiatives in Singapore.[18] Marina Bay Sands was officially opened on 23 June 2010,[19] while Gardens by the Bay opened on June 29, 2012[20] and Resorts World Sentosa was officially opened on December 7, 2012.[21]

Tourism statistics

Visitor arrivals to Singapore has been increasing since the country's independence in 1965. As compared to a total of 99,000 visitors recorded in 1965, Singapore attracted approximately 19.1 million visitors in 2019 with receipts at S$27.7 billion, according to preliminary figures by the Singapore Tourism Board.[22] The total number of visitors increased by 3.3% from 2018, with increased in arrivals in visitors from China, Indonesia and Australia, while visitors from India and Malaysia dropped 2% and 3% respectively. Tourism receipts increased 2.8% from 2018, with most visitors spending in the sightseeing, entertainment and gaming (S$1,593 million), shopping (S$1.457 million), accommodation (S$1.439 million) and food & beverage (S$649 million) categories.

In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, visitor statistics in Singapore fell 85.7% and tourism receipts fell 82.6% (S$4.8 million) from 2019. A total of 2,700,000 visitors were recorded that year, which was the first time visitor statistics fell since the decrease in arrivals in 2014. Visitors coming into Singapore for short-term visits were also barred from entering and transiting from March 23, 2020 to October 19, 2021.[23]

In 2021, visitors arrivals further dipped to 330,059 visitors, which was a 88% decrease as compared to 2020.[24] In December 2021, amid the spread of the highly transmissible COVID-19 Omicron variant, many countries still had travel restrictions, with some governments banning travel completely to curb transmission.[25] [26] Travel into Singapore for short-term visits were only resumed in September 2021 with the introduction of vaccinated travel lanes.[27]

General trends

YearTourism Arrivals Percentage change from previous period
196599,000 
1970579,000488.1%
19751,324,000128.6%
19802,562,00092%
19853,031,00018.3%
19905,323,00075.6%
19957,137,00034.1%
20007,691,3997.8%
20058,943,02916.3%
201011,638,66330.1%
201515,231,46930.9%
20202,742,443−82%

Recent years

YearTourism Arrivals[28] Percentage change from previous year
201011,641,70020.2%
201113,171,30313.1%
201214,496,09110.1%
201315,567,9237.4%
201415,095,152−3%
201515,231,4690.9%
201616,402,5937.7%
201717,422,8266.2%
201818,506,6196.2%
201919,114,0023.3%
20202,742,443−85.7%
2021330,059−88%
20226,305,7441,810%
202313,610,404115.8%

Top markets 2000–2010

Source: Singapore Tourism Analytics Network[29]

Country or territory2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Indonesia1,313,316 1,364,380 1,393,020 1,341,747 1,765,324 1,813,569 1,922,217 1,962,055 1,765,429 1,745,330 2,305,149
China434,336 497,398 670,099 568,510 880,259 857,814 1,037,201 1,113,956 1,078,742 936,747 1,171,337
Malaysia[30] 564,750 578,719 548,659 439,437 537,336 577,987 634,303 645,774 647,480 764,309 1,036,918
Australia510,347 550,681 538,408 392,906 561,163 620,255 691,632 768,490 833,156 830,299 880,486
India346,360 339,828 375,697 309,487 471,244 583,590 658,902 748,728 778,303 725,624 828,903
Japan929,895 755,766 723,431 434,087 598,840 588,535 594,406 594,514 571,040 489,987 528,817
Philippines181,032 190,630 195,564 176,585 245,918 319,971 386,119 418,775 418,938 432,072 544,344
Hong Kong285,975 276,157 265,970 226,260 271,691 313,831 291,474 302,110 278,115 294,420 387,552
Thailand246,750 260,958 263,866 235,826 341,989 379,040 356,367 353,416 333,905 317,905 430,022
United States385,585 343,805 327,648 250,678 333,156 371,440 399,786 408,885 396,631 370,704 416,990
354,353 359,083 371,050 261,403 361,083 364,206 454,722 464,292 423,018 271,987 360,673
United Kingdom444,976 460,018 458,528 387,982 457,262 467,154 488,167 495,693 492,933 469,756 461,714
31,837 34,633 40,652 44,420 105,803 150,626 165,105 203,210 239,299 265,414 322,853
290,904 222,087 209,321 144,942 182,443 213,959 219,463 208,156 175,924 156,761 191,173
Germany169,408 166,981 157,510 121,376 142,371 154,779 161,125 164,900 175,280 183,681 209,231

Top markets 2011–2020

Source: Singapore Tourism Analytics Network,[29] Singapore Tourism Board[31] [32]

Country or territory2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Indonesia2,592,222 2,837,537 3,088,859 3,025,178 2,731,690 2,893,614 2,954,384 3,021,429 3,109,000 457,027
China1,577,522 2,034,177 2,269,870 1,722,380 2,106,164 2,863,582 3,226,929 3,416,475 3,627,000 357,292
956,039 1,050,373 1,125,179 1,074,878 1,043,568 1,027,309 1,081,987 1,107,215 1,143,000 206,238
India868,991 894,993 933,553 943,636 1,013,986 1,097,186 1,272,069 1,442,242 1,418,000 175,522
Malaysia1,140,935 1,231,686 1,280,942 1,233,035 1,171,077 1,151,480 1,168,356 1,253,992 1,221,000 153,650
United Kingdom442,611 446,497 461,459 451,931 473,810 489,205 518,903 588,863 607,000 133,336
Japan656,417 757,116 832,845 824,741 789,179 783,721 792,813 829,664 884,000 125,879
United States440,576 477,213 491,946 484,912 499,509 516,276 565,250 643,162 729,000 123,182
Philippines677,723 656,804 687,794 676,481 673,374 691,555 736,456 778,135 829,000 97,881
Germany219,952 252,433 251,560 263,513 286,732 328,762 342,336 356,797 381,000 95,563
414,879 445,184 471,768 536,975 577,082 566,503 631,359 629,451 646,000 89,522
332,231 366,234 380,495 424,408 418,266 469,409 531,359 591,600 592,000 74,424
Thailand472,708 477,654 497,409 506,509 516,409 546,384 531,307 545,601 528,000 63,622
238,488 282,203 350,308 337,431 378,026 394,174 395,549 422,935 429,000 61,887
Hong Kong464,375 472,167 539,810 631,029 609,888 537,964 465,769 473,113 489,000 58,976

Top markets 2021–present

Source: Singapore Tourism Analytics Network[33]

Country or territory2021202220236/2024
China88,250130,8701,128,4401,446,325
Indonesia33,4601,104,1601,872,0301,297,939
India54,380686,470887,260629,042
Malaysia24,220590,960891,890599,220
Australia10,050565,680884,270559,816
Philippines11,490381,990568,380389,988
United States10,960318,450516,040358,420
United Kingdom8,550226,740384,060322,207
7,130217,530488,370307,156
Japan5,920132,110359,050243,387
Germany5,410130,590249,770224,579
3,41065,050289,980207,782
Thailand4,380283,430393,210205,094
3,440312,710406,410197,414
Hong Kong5,430129,050267,910160,040
France4,21086,090142,14087,982
10,02085,290100,55079,866
59557,080115,91072,361
Canada1,69055,020102,97069,861
17,900102,99098,73063,000
Switzerland1,32036,29062,05043,293
1,96051,18076,60042,090
94042,97066,10039,521
3889,80046,46034,004
Sri Lanka1,47035,52044,26031,164
Italy1,23033,12063,71030,523
1,25031,64047,58026,988
77730,46049,64024,590
Sweden54513,50021,33015,368
73016,41023,59014,930
Finland3559,78015,58014,913
15913,02019,91013,940
42512,69020,27012,313
1967,17018,62011,832
Pakistan19510,56014,6908,146
70411,94014,0407,612
541,3704,9104,303
383,6507,4703,184
Mauritius352,4104,0102,423
941,6406,3201,349

Challenges to the tourism industry

Tourism impact of COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021)

In early 2020, COVID-19 pandemic has affected the numbers of foreign visitors across the country. In February 2020, Indonesia raised its travel alert for Singapore to level yellow, urging Indonesian citizens to take extra precautions when they visit the city-state.[34] Indonesia is among the top source of foreign visitors to Singapore. It is predicted that the number of visitors could fall between 25 and 30 per cent from the 2019 figure.[22]

On 16 September 2020, Trade and Industry Minister Chan Chun Sing has announced that all adult Singaporeans will get $100 tourism vouchers, accessible digitally via Singpass, to be used from December 2020 to June 2021. The $320 million SingapoRediscovers Vouchers scheme is part of the government's effort to prop up the tourism sector, which has been decimated by travel restrictions amidst COVID-19 pandemic.[35]

In April 2022 same day as the U.K., Ireland, Finland, Malaysia and other countries, COVID-19 tourism impact in Singapore was officially ended by early April 2022 as the country moves towards the endemic phase.

Popular tourist destinations

The Orchard Road district, which is dominated by multi-storey shopping centres and hotels, can be considered the centre of tourism in Singapore.[36] Other popular tourist attractions include the Singapore Zoo, River Wonders, Bird Paradise and Night Safari. The Singapore Zoo has embraced the 'open zoo' concept whereby animals are kept in enclosures, separated from visitors by hidden dry or wet moats, instead of caging the animals. River Wonders features 10 different ecosystems around the world, including the River Nile, Yangtze River, Mississippi, Amazon as well as the Tundra and has 300 species of animals, including numerous endangered species.[37] Bird Paradise is another zoological garden centred on birds, which is dedicated towards exposing the public to as much species and varieties of birds from around the world as possible, including a flock of one thousand flamingos. Night Safari allows people to explore Asian, African and American habitats at night without any visible barriers between guests and the wild animals.

The tourist island of Sentosa, which attracted 19 million visitors in 2011, is located in the south of Singapore, consists of about 20–30 landmarks, such as Fort Siloso, which was built as a fortress to defend against the Japanese during World War II. Guns from the World War II era can be seen at Fort Siloso, from a mini-sized to a 16 pound (7 kg) gun. Moreover, the island has built the Tiger Sky Tower, which allows visitors to view the whole of Sentosa, as well as the Sentosa Luge, a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleighs supine and feet-first. Steering is done by shifting the weight or pulling straps attached to the sled's runners.

Among the latest tourists attractions built in Singapore includes the two integrated resorts which houses casinos, namely Marina Bay Sands and Resorts World Sentosa, a Universal Studios theme park and Gardens by the Bay.

Shopping

There are various shopping belts in Singapore, Marina Bay, Bugis Street, Chinatown, Geylang Serai, Kampong Gelam & Arab Street, Little India, North Bridge Road, Orchard Road, and The Suburbs.

Singapore seeks to be the business hub of Southeast Asia and has an expansive shopping precinct located in the Orchard Road district. Many multistorey shopping centres are located at Orchard Road; the area also has many hotels, and it's the main tourism centre of Singapore, other than the Downtown Core. The local populace also use Orchard Road for shopping extensively.

Island resorts

Sentosa is a relatively large island of Singapore located to its south. Along with a beach-front resort, the island's tourist attractions include Fort Siloso, its historical museum, the SEA Aquarium, and Madame Tussauds Singapore. Singapore also features two casinos (integrated resorts), one the Marina Bay Sands and the other, Resorts World Sentosa (home to Universal Studios Singapore and Adventure Cove Waterpark).

Cultural and historical landmarks

A former British colony, Singapore has various historical and cultural landmarks with British and regional influences in its architecture. Such cultural landmarks include the Masjid Sultan, one of Singapore's most important mosques which was completed in 1826. The Thian Hock Keng Temple, one of Singapore's oldest Chinese temples, which was completed in 1839 and the Sri Mariamman Temple, which was built in 1827, making it the oldest Hindu temple in Singapore.[38] Other historical monuments include the Kranji War Memorial, Civilian War Memorial, Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall, Yueh Hai Ching Temple, Lian Shan Shuang Lin Monastery and Istana Kampong Glam.

Singapore has four major museums depicting the art and history of the country and of the region. The Asian Civilisations Museum specialises in the material history of China, Southeast Asia, South Asia and West Asia, from which the diverse ethnic groups of Singapore trace their ancestry, while the Peranakan Museum, the first of its kind in the world, explores Peranakan cultures in Singapore and other former Straits Settlements in Malacca and Penang, and other Peranakan communities in Southeast Asia.[39] Singapore's National Museum of Singapore is the oldest museum in the country, with its history dating back to 1849, mainly showcases collections of nation-building and the history of Singapore from the 14th century in a story-telling approach,[40] while the Singapore Art Museum is a contemporary art museum focusing on art practices in Singapore, Southeast Asia and Asia. Other smaller museums include Changi Museum, which showcases collection of paintings, photographs and personal effects donated by former POWs (Prisoners of War) during the Japanese Occupation of Singapore[41] and the Mint Museum of Toys, which has a collection of 3,000 toys and childhood memorabilia from the mid-19th century to mid-20th Century.

City sight-seeing

Sightseeing Bus fleet

Historically, their fleet was made up of second-hand step-entrance double deckers in 2001–2004 for the City Sightseeing/Singapore Ducktours operation in Singapore, but new open-top buses were used beginning January 2006. Electronic destination displays (which uses Mobitec MobiLED in larger font) were added in January 2006 to replace roller-blinds in stages., Big Bus Tours has Volvo B9TL/Optare Visionaire or MCV DD103, Dennis Trident 2/East Lancs Lolyne, DAF DB250LF/Plaxton President and Ayats Integral buses, where they will progressively be replaced by Volvo BZL/MCV EvoSeti double decker buses as part of the Singapore Green Plan 2030. City Sightseeing and Gray Line Tours uses Alexander Dennis Enviro400 buses.

Sightseeing Bus Routes

Route Number & ColourRoute NamePlaces servedDuration of service (approx.)Other notes
670The Loop LineITE College East, Bugis MRT station, North Bridge Commercial Complex, City Hall, Boat Quay, Chinatown, Clarke Quay, Liang Court, Hotel Miramar, Zion Food Centre, Botanic Gardens, Orchard Road, City Hall, Suntec City62 minutesrowspan=6
H1
Green		Tampines City RouteTampines Primary and Secondary Schools, Changi General Hospital, ITE College East, Stratford Court, Bedok Mall, Ping Yi, Arc @ Tampines, Temasek Polytechnic45 minutes
H2
Blue		Tampines Metropolis RouteTampines Primary and Secondary Schools, Ashford Station, Changi General Hospital, ITE College East, Parc Lumiere, Tampines East CC, Tampines JC, Tampines Central CC
H3
Red		Tampines OriginalTampines Primary and Secondary Schools, Centrale 8, Tampines Central, IKEA Tampines, Tampines Central CC, Tampines City Hub35 minutes
H4
Brown		Tampines OriginalTampines Primary and Secondary Schools, East View Secondary School, Tampines East MRT station, Flora Road, Pasir Ris52 minutes
T1
Yellow		Yellow Route (Big Bus Tours)Suntec City, Singapore Flyer, Marina Bay Sands, Gardens by the Bay, River Valley, Hotel Miramar, Zion Food Centre, Orchard, Bras Basah35 minutes
T2
Red		Red Route (Big Bus Tours)Suntec City, Bugis, Little India, Kampong Glam, Chinatown40 minutesTwo-way service
T3
Red		City Hopper (Gray Line)Marina Square, Esplanade, Chinatown, Clarke Quay, Orchard Road40–45 minutes
T4
Green		Marina Sightseeing (Gray Line)Marina Bay Sands, Gardens by the Bay, Chinatown, Clarke Quay40 minutesrowspan=2
T10
Pink		NTU-Lien Ying Chow TourSuntec City, AYE, National University of Singapore, Clementi, Jurong East (Jurong Gateway), AYE, Jurong Point, Pioneer MRT station, Nanyang Technological University110 minutes

Boat fleet

Nature sight-seeing

Singapore has a variety of parks and projects which often feature its natural tropical environment.

Singapore has four zoos, namely, the Singapore Zoo, Night Safari, Bird Paradise and River Wonders. The Singapore Zoo displays animals in 'open' naturalistic, spacious, landscaped enclosures separated from the visitors by hidden barriers, moats, and glass, with various shows and events occurring throughout the day to allow visitors to interact with the animals.[42] Night Safari is the world's first nocturnal zoo, set in a humid tropical forest that is only open at night, it is divided into seven geographical zones, which can be explored either on foot via four walking trails, or by tram. Bird Paradise is the largest bird park in Asia with extensive specimens of exotic bird life from around the world, including a flock of one thousand flamingos. River Wonders features a tropical rainforest setting[43] and features 10 different ecosystems around the world, with 5000 animals of 300 species. Among the main attractions in the River Wonders is a pair of male and female giant pandas – Kai Kai (凯凯) and Jia Jia (嘉嘉)[44] – which are housed in a specially constructed climate-controlled enclosure which change throughout the four seasons emulating their original environment.[45]

Among the various gardens and parks located in the country, Singapore's Singapore Botanic Gardens and Gardens by the Bay are most popular amongst tourists. The Singapore Botanical Gardens, a UNESCO World Heritage Site is a 52 hectares tropical garden, among its main attractions includes the National Orchid collection with over 3000 types of orchids[46] growing. Gardens by the Bay, designed as a series of large tropical leaf-shaped gardens, each with its own specific landscaping design, character and theme. Its main attractions are the two conservatories, the Flower Dome, which replicates a mild, dry climate and features plants found in the Mediterranean and other semi-arid tropical regions,[47] and the Cloud Forest, which replicates the cool moist conditions found in tropical mountain regions between 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) and 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) above sea level, found in South-East Asia, Middle- and South America.[48] Other main attractions include the Supertree Grove, which features tree-like structures, known as Supertrees that dominate the Gardens' landscape. They are vertical gardens that perform a multitude of functions, which include planting, shading and working as environmental engines for the gardens.[49]

Singapore also has two ASEAN Heritage Parks, which are the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, an extensive nature reserve which covers much of the Bukit Timah Hill, and is the only remaining place where primary rainforest still exists on the island,[50] and the Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, which is known for its high variety of bird species, crabs, mudskippers and flora and fauna.[51] [52]

Pulau Ubin, is an offshore island situated in the north-eastern island group, is one of the last rural areas to be found in Singapore, where the last of undeveloped kampongs (villages) and wooden jetties, abandoned quarries and plantations, with an abundance of natural flora and fauna. The island forms part of the Ubin–Khatib Important Bird Area (IBA), identified as such by BirdLife International because it supports significant numbers of visiting and resident birds, some of which are threatened.[53] One of the more popular spots on the island is, Chek Jawa, a previous coral reef 5000 years ago, where several ecosystems can be observed in one area.[54]

Dining

See main article: article and Cuisine of Singapore. The cuisine of Singapore is often viewed by its population as a prime example of the ethnic diversity of the culture of Singapore. In Singapore's hawker centres – a technical misnomer, to be precise – for example, traditionally Malay hawker stalls selling halal food may serve halal versions of traditionally Tamil or Chinese food. Chinese stalls may introduce Malay or Indian ingredients, cooking techniques or entire dishes into their range of catering. Some dishes introduce elements from all three cultures, while others incorporate influences from the rest of Asia and the West.

This phenomenon makes the cuisine of Singapore significantly rich and a cultural attraction. Much prepared food is available in the hawker centres or food courts (e.g. Lau Pa Sat, Newton Food Centre) rather than actual restaurants. These centres are relatively abundant which often leads to low prices, and encourages a large consumer base.

Food in itself has been heavily promoted as an attraction for tourists, and is usually promoted by various initiatives undertaken by the Singapore Tourism Board or the associations it deals with as one of Singapore's best attractions alongside shopping. The government organises the Singapore Food Festival in July annually to celebrate Singapore's cuisine. The multiculturalism of local food, the ready availability of international cuisine, and their wide range in prices to fit all budgets at all times of the day and year helps create a "food paradise" to rival other contenders claiming the same moniker. The availability of variety of food is often aided by the fact Singapore's port lies along strategic routes. Catherine Ling of CNN listed Fish soup bee hoon, Bak kut teh, Chilli crab, Nasi Padang, Hainanese chicken rice, and Kaya toast as some of the "40 Singapore foods we can't live without".[55]

There is also a proliferation of fast-food chains, such as McDonald's, Pizza Hut, KFC, Burger King, Subway, Long John Silver's, Mos Burger, Five Guys and Shake Shack.

Halal and vegetarian food are also easily available.

Tourist events

Singapore Tourism Board promotes a variety of events all year round for tourists. Some of the anchor events are the Chingay Parade, Singapore Arts Festival and Singapore Garden Festival.The Singapore Food Festival is held every July to celebrate Singapore's cuisine. Other annual events include the Singapore Sun Festival, the Christmas Light Up, and the Singapore Jewel Festival.[56] Singapore hosted a round of the 2008 FIA Formula One World Championship (Singapore Grand Prix).[57] The race, held on a new street circuit at Marina Bay, was the first night-time event in Formula One history. The event was considered an overall success due to the sheer amount of organisation, planning and hard work put into the event.[58] Also in 2010, Singapore hosted the inaugural Youth Olympic Games, where the Singapore Tourism Board (STB), which say the Games is expected to generate a minimum of 180,000 visitor nights for Singapore.[59]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 3 attractions to open as part of STB's new 'Made in Singapore' global campaign. Yahoo News. September 27, 2023. June 3, 2024.
  2. News: Singapore is 2nd most visited city in Asia-Pacific, 5th in the world: Mastercard . The Straits Times . 26 September 2018 . en . 1 October 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181001220526/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/singapore-is-2nd-most-visited-city-in-asia-pacific-5th-in-the-world-mastercard . 1 October 2018 . live.
  3. Web site: Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2015 – Singapore. weforum.org. 25 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160927063116/http://reports.weforum.org/travel-and-tourism-competitiveness-report-2015/economies/#economy=SGP#economy=SGP. 27 September 2016. live.
  4. News: The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017. World Economic Forum. 25 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171025190236/https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-travel-tourism-competitiveness-report-2017. 25 October 2017. live.
  5. Web site: Overview - Singapore Tourism Board. December 27, 2022.
  6. Web site: Fair deal for all tourists. The Straits Times, Archived by NewspaperSG. December 27, 1963. December 28, 2022.
  7. Web site: Formation of the Singapore Tourism Promotion Board . NLB . 8 September 2019.
  8. Web site: Govt Backing For Tourism. The Straits Times, Archived by NewspaperSG. July 31, 1963. December 28, 2022.
  9. Web site: Tourist Draw. The Straits Times, Archived by NewspaperSG. April 23, 1964. December 28, 2022.
  10. Web site: Newsletter to tell of tourist attractions. The Straits Times, Archived by NewspaperSG. July 9, 1964. December 28, 2022.
  11. Web site: Lion with fish tail is Tourist Board's new emblem. The Straits Times, Archived by NewspaperSG. April 25, 1964. December 28, 2022.
  12. A new home for the Merlion. URA. Skyline. July/August 2000. 6–8. 9 August 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170809213440/https://www.ura.gov.sg/skyline/skyline00/skyline00-04.pdf. dead.
  13. Web site: Tourist boom helped us tide over recession: Goh. The Straits Times, Archived by NewspaperSG. August 20, 1978. December 28, 2022.
  14. Web site: Tourist Task Force proposes 'dual personality' for S'pore. The Business Times, Archived by NewspaperSG. November 24, 1984. December 28, 2022.
  15. Web site: Old' Singapore as you've never seen it beforepublisher=The Straits Times, Archived by NewspaperSG. December 11, 1986. December 28, 2022.
  16. Web site: Proposal to develop Integrated Resorts . 2008-01-17 . Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong . Lee Hsien Loong . 18 April 2005 . Developing Industries > Integrated Resorts > Ministerial Speeches & Comments . . The first question was whether to have IRs at all. The answer was yes. Having settled that, the next question was whether to have one or two IRs. We decided on two IRs, because the Bayfront and Sentosa projects complement each other, because having two provides competition and critical mass, and because we believe that two projects will bring more economic benefits, without increasing the social cost commensurately; After weighing the matter carefully, the Cabinet has collectively concluded that we had no choice but to proceed with the IRs. As Prime Minister, I carry the ultimate responsibility for the decision. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071127000719/http://app.mti.gov.sg/data/pages/606/doc/Ministerial%20Statement%20-%20PM%2018apr05.pdf . 27 November 2007.
  17. Web site: Gardens by the Bay not an easy decision: PM. Eco Business. June 29, 2012. December 27, 2022.
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  19. Web site: Marina Bay Sands Opens its doors . 2010-10-06 . 27 April 2010 . Press Release . Marina Bay Sands . https://web.archive.org/web/20101001115754/http://www.marinabaysands.com/Media_Center/Press_Releases/Marina_Bay_Sands_Opens_its_Doors.aspx . 1 October 2010 . live.
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  30. Excludes Malaysian citizens arriving by land.
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  49. Web site: Sustainability Efforts . Gardens by the Bay . 27 February 2017.
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