Toughie (frog) explained

Toughie was the last known living Rabbs' fringe-limbed treefrog.[1] [2] The species, scientifically known as Ecnomiohyla rabborum, is thought to be extinct, as the last specimen - Toughie - died in captivity on September 26, 2016.[3]

Captivity

Toughie was captured as an adult in Panama in 2005, when researchers went on a conservation mission to rescue species from Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, a fungus deadly to amphibians. Toughie was one of "several dozen" frogs and tadpoles of the same species to be transported back to the United States.[4]

Toughie lived at the Atlanta Botanical Garden in Georgia. At the Garden, he was placed in a special containment area called the "frogPOD", a biosecure enclosure. Visitors to the Garden are not allowed to visit the frogPOD, as it is used to house critically endangered animals.[5] While in captivity at the Garden, Toughie sired tadpoles with a female, but none survived. After the female died, the only other known specimen in the world was a male, leaving Toughie no other options of reproducing. The other male, who lived at the Zoo Atlanta, was euthanized on February 17, 2012, due to health concerns.[6]

Since Toughie was brought in as an adult to the Garden, they do not know his age but estimated that he was at least 12 years old.[7] On December 15, 2014, Toughie was recorded vocalizing again. It was his first known call since being collected as an adult in 2005.[8]

Toughie died on September 26, 2016, at the Garden.

Personal characteristics

Toughie was given his name by Mark Mandica's son Anthony. [9] Mark Mandica was Toughie's caretaker for many years at the Atlanta Botanical Garden. Toughie did not like to be handled. He would pinch a handler's hand in an attempt to "say 'let me go'", according to handler Leslie Phillips.[10] She continued with, "For me it is incredibly motivating working with the Rabbs' frog. Having him here is a constant reminder of what can potentially happen to other species if we don't continue the conservation work that we do here at the Atlanta Botanical Garden. Honestly, it is also nerve-racking at times working with him. It can be a challenging balance between leaving him alone as much as possible to avoid undue stress, while still providing the best possible care... He is just really cool. No other frog I have seen is quite like him. He is muscular and has giant webbed feet and big eyes ... He is a very handsome frog."[11] Handlers tried to touch him as little as possible, but they did weigh him once a week to keep track of his health.[12]

Featured in projects

In July 2013, National Geographic featured Toughie and his species in their magazine. It is part of The Photo Ark project run by photographer Joel Sartore. They also focused on the Atlanta Botanical Garden's Amphibian Conservation Program.[13]

In 2014, Louie Psihoyos filmed Toughie for his 2015 film Racing Extinction, including footage of Sartore photographing him. To promote the film and the extinction crisis, a 30-story series of photographs was projected onto the side of the United Nations Building in New York City in September 2014. Included was a photograph of Toughie.[14]

Toughie was the subject of the 2024 song The Endling by Talia Schlanger.[15]

See also

Notes and References

  1. News: Schultz . Isaac . March 12, 2023 . These Lonely Animals Were the Last of Their Kind . . June 26, 2023 .
  2. News: Daley . Jason . October 4, 2016 . Adiós, Toughie: The Last Known Rabb's Fringe-Limbed Tree Frog Dies in Atlanta . . June 26, 2023 . Since his discovery in 2005, Toughie the frog has been the face of amphibian extinction .
  3. News: Bo Emerson . Rare frog goes extinct, despite Atlanta's rescue efforts . The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . 28 September 2016 . 28 September 2016 . dead . 11 October 2016 . https://archive.today/20161011040027/http://www.accessatlanta.com/news/news/rare-frog-goes-extinct-despite-atlantas-rescue-eff/nsgkt/ .
  4. News: Rabb's Fringe-limbed Treefrog featured in this month's National Geographic!. 5 October 2014. Atlanta Botanical Garden. 17 Jun 2013. dead. 7 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141007003505/http://frogpodblog.blogspot.com/2013/06/rabbs-fringe-limbed-treefrog-featured.html.
  5. News: Rabb's Fringe-limbed tree frog update. 5 October 2014. Atlanta Botanical Garden. 16 October 2014. dead. 2 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161002110714/http://atlantabg.org/learn/conservation-efforts/amphibian-conservation.
  6. News: It's Leap Year. Remember the Rabbs' tree frog.. 5 October 2014. Zoo Atlanta. 17 Feb 2012. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120524060207/http://www.zooatlanta.org/home/article_content/leapyear#nuRFs. 24 May 2012.
  7. News: Hullinger. Jeff. Last-of-its-kind tree frog at Atlanta Botanical Gardens. 5 October 2014. Atlanta 11. 23 July 2013. dead. 5 October 2014. https://archive.today/20141005152316/http://archive.11alive.com/news/article/299835/1/Last-of-its-kind-tree-frog-lives-at-Atlanta-Botanical-Gardens.
  8. Web site: The Rabbs' Fringe-Limbed Tree Frog called again ... after years ... and we recorded it! . frogPOD. 17 December 2014. Atlanta Botanical Garden. 30 December 2014.
  9. News: The Loneliest Frog in the World. 28 September 2016. Huffington Post. 7 Dec 2014.
  10. News: 'Toughie' is last of his species of tree frog. 5 October 2014. USA Today. 23 July 2013.
  11. News: Norris. Anna. Taking care of Toughie, the last of his kind. 5 October 2014. Mother Nature Network. dead. 6 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141006171154/http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/animals/stories/taking-care-of-toughie-the-last-of-his-kind.
  12. News: Moreira. Naila. The loss of the frog prince. 5 October 2014. NailaMoreira.com. 26 September 2013.
  13. News: Atlanta Botanical Garden frogPOD. 5 October 2014. Atlanta Botanical Garden. dead. 6 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141006113852/http://atlantabotanicalgarden.org/conservation/atlanta-botanical-garden-frogpod.
  14. News: Our Rabbs' Fringed Limbed Tree Frog and other species projected on the UN Building last weekend!. 5 October 2014. 24 Sep 2014. Atlanta Botanical Garden. dead. 6 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141006202349/http://frogpodblog.blogspot.com/2014/09/our-rabbs-fringed-limbed-tree-frog-and.html.
  15. News: Haunting song pays tribute to Toughie, the frog whose extinction went unnoticed . Liz Kimbrough . Mongabay . 10 April 2024 . 15 April 2024.

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