GNU Bazaar explained

GNU Bazaar
Author:Martin Pool
Developer:Canonical and community
Discontinued:yes
Released:[1]
Programming Language:Python 2, Pyrex (optional), C
Operating System:Cross-platform
Genre:Distributed and Client–server revision control system
License:GPL-2.0-or-later[2]
Replaced By:Breezy

GNU Bazaar (formerly Bazaar-NG, command line tool bzr) is a distributed and client–server revision control system sponsored by Canonical.

Bazaar can be used by a single developer working on multiple branches of local content, or by teams collaborating across a network.

Bazaar is written in the Python programming language, with packages for major Linux distributions, and Microsoft Windows. Bazaar is free software and part of the GNU Project.[3] [4]

Features

Bazaar commands are similar to those found in CVS or Subversion. A new project can be started and maintained without a remote repository server by invoking bzr init in a directory which a person wishes to version.[5]

In contrast to purely distributed version control systems which do not use a central server, Bazaar supports working with or without a central server. It is possible to use both methods at the same time with the same project. The websites Launchpad and SourceForge provide free hosting service for projects managed with Bazaar.

Bazaar has support for working with some other revision control systems.[6] This allows users to branch from another system (such as Subversion[7]), make local changes and commit them into a Bazaar branch, and then later merge them back into the other system. Read-only access is also available for Git[8] and Mercurial.[9] Bazaar also allows for interoperation with many other systems (including CVS, Darcs, Git, Perforce, Mercurial) by allowing one to import/export the history.[10]

Bazaar supports files with names from the complete Unicode set. It also allows commit messages, committer names, etc. to be in Unicode.

History

Baz: an earlier Canonical version control system

The name "Bazaar" was originally used by a fork of the GNU arch client tla. This fork is called Baz to distinguish it from the current Bazaar software.[11] Baz was announced in October 2004 by Canonical employee Robert Collins[12] and maintained until 2005, when the project then called Bazaar-NG (the present Bazaar) was announced as Baz's successor.[13] Baz is now unmaintained and Canonical declared it deprecated.[14] [15] The last release of Baz was version 1.4.3, released October 2005.[16] A planned 1.5 release of Baz was abandoned in 2006.[17]

Bazaar

In February 2005, Martin Pool, a developer who had previously described and reviewed a number of revision control systems in talks and in his weblog, announced that he had been hired by Canonical and tasked with "build[ing] a distributed version-control system that open-source hackers will love to use."[18] A public website and mailing list were established in March 2005 and the first numbered pre-release, 0.0.1, was released on 26 March 2005.[19] [20] [21]

Bazaar was conceived from the start as a different piece of software from both GNU arch and Baz. It has a different command set and is a completely different codebase and design. Bazaar was originally intended as a test-bed for features to be later integrated into Baz, but by mid-2005 many of the major Baz developers had begun working primarily on Bazaar directly and Baz was abandoned.[15]

Version 1.0 of Bazaar was released in December 2007.[22] In February 2008, Bazaar became a GNU Project.[3] In April 2012 Martin Pool left Canonical[23] and the pace of development of the project slowed.[24] According to Jelmer Vernooij the members of Canonical's Bazaar team were assigned to different tasks in early 2012 and he himself stepped down from contributing to Bazaar at the end of 2012, after 7 years of contributing to the project.[25] In March 2013 a discussion on the GNU Emacs mailing list started about whether Bazaar is still effectively maintained and if Emacs should move to another version control system.[26] In January 2014 Eric Raymond proposed and coordinated a transition of GNU Emacs from Bazaar to the git version control system.[27] This transition was completed in November 2014.[28] Likewise, the Bugzilla project retired Bazaar in favor of git in March 2014 for multiple reasons, one of them being the impression that Bazaar was almost dead: "There are maybe 2-3 commits to trunk every month. The time to fix bugs in Bazaar also seems to be quite long, generally."[29]

Version 2.7.0 was released in February 2016.[30]

Breezy

Bazaar was forked as Breezy in 2017 to allow backwards-incompatible changes to be made, such as migrating from Python 2 to Python 3 and dropping support for older versions of Windows.[31]

Adoption

Source code hosting

See also: Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities. The following websites provide free source code hosting for Bazaar repositories:

Projects using Bazaar

Prominent projects that have used Bazaar for version control include:

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: bzr 0.0.1 released . 12 June 2008 . 3 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180535/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/bazaar/2005q1/000014.html . live .
  2. Web site: What is Bazaar? . Bazaar is an official GNU project, licensed under the GPLv2 or later, at your option. . 4 April 2010 . 9 May 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130509085056/http://wiki.bazaar.canonical.com/Welcome . dead .
  3. Pool. Martin. Bazaar is now a GNU project. bazaar-announce. 2008-02-26. 2008-05-23. 13 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160413224555/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/bazaar-announce/2008-February/000135.html. live.
  4. Bazaar becomes a GNU project. Pool. Martin. 2008-05-21. info-gnu. 2008-05-23. 3 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183231/http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/info-gnu/2008-05/msg00012.html. live.
  5. Web site: bzr man page . 22 January 2009 . 23 May 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090523095331/http://linux.die.net/man/1/bzr . live .
  6. Web site: Vernooij . Jelmer . John Meinel . Olad Conradi . Martin Pool . Wouter Van Heyst . Aaron Bentley . BzrForeignBranches . 2007-06-15 . 2007-06-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070607173159/http://bazaar-vcs.org/BzrForeignBranches . 7 June 2007 . dead .
  7. Web site: Vernooij . Jelmer . Mark Lee . Neil Martinsen-Burrell . Robert Collins . Alexandre Vassalotti . Stijn Hoop . BzrForeignBranches/Subversion . 2007-06-07 . 2007-06-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070626195221/http://bazaar-vcs.org/BzrForeignBranches/Subversion . 26 June 2007 . live.
  8. Web site: bzr git support plugin in Launchpad . 4 August 2006 . 26 September 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060926033718/https://launchpad.net/products/bzr-git . live .
  9. Web site: The Bazaar Hg Plugin in Launchpad . 4 August 2006 . 26 September 2006 . https://web.archive.org/web/20060926033430/https://launchpad.net/products/bzr-hg . live .
  10. Web site: fastimport documentation . 6 January 2010 . 29 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161229091305/http://doc.bazaar.canonical.com/plugins/en/fastimport-plugin.html . dead .
  11. Web site: Pool . Martin . Matthieu Moy . Matthew Hannigan . 2007-03-09 . Branding . 2007-06-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070715081044/http://bazaar-vcs.org/Branding. 15 July 2007 . live.
  12. Collins . Robert . Announce: Bazaar . Gnu-arch-users . 2004-10-29 . 2007-06-16 . 3 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303183052/http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/gnu-arch-users/2004-10/msg00712.html . live .
  13. Moy . Matthieu . Future of GNU Arch, bazaar and bazaar-ng ... ? . bazaar-old . 2005-08-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140817044212/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/bazaar-old/2005-August/000105.html . 17 August 2014 . dead . 2007-06-16 .
  14. Web site: Baz1x - Bazaar Version Control . 2006-07-24 . 2008-01-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080107203210/http://bazaar-vcs.org/Baz1x. 7 January 2008 . live.
  15. Web site: Arbash Meinel . John . Aaron Bentley . Martin Pool . Mark Shuttleworth . HistoryOfBazaar . 2006-07-26 . 2008-02-20 . 26 February 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090226181637/http://bazaar-vcs.org/HistoryOfBazaar . dead .
  16. Web site: Moy . Matthieu . ReleaseNotes1.4.3 . 2005-10-25 . 2007-06-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060036/http://bazaar-vcs.org/ReleaseNotes1.4.3 . 2007-09-28.
  17. Collins . Robert . releasing 1.5 . bazaar-old . 2006-06-30 . 2007-06-16 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110512173621/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/bazaar-old/2006-June/000531.html . 12 May 2011.
  18. Web site: Pool. Martin. sourcefrog: A beginning. https://archive.today/20120722015740/http://sourcefrog.net/weblog/personal/at-canonical.html. dead. 2012-07-22. 2005-02-01. 2008-05-23.
  19. Pool. Martin. (test). 2005-03-23. bazaar. 2008-05-23. 3 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231410/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/bazaar/2005q1/000002.html. live.
  20. Bentley. Aaron. Re: State of the Arches. gnu-arch-users. For completeness, it's probably worth mentioning that bazaar-ng (www.bazaar-ng.org) is another rcs system sponsored by Canonical. 2005-03-23. 2008-05-23. 3 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205850/http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/gnu-arch-users/2005-03/msg00262.html. live.
  21. Pool. Martin. bzr 0.0.1 released. bazaar. 2005-03-26. 2008-06-12. 3 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180535/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/bazaar/2005q1/000014.html. live.
  22. Canonical Releases Version 1.0 of Bazaar Version Control Tool for Efficient Developer Collaboration . . 2007-12-14 . 2008-05-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080512020433/http://www.ubuntu.com/news/bazaar-v1-release . 12 May 2008 . dead .
  23. Pool . Martin . leaving Canonical . bazaar . 2012-04-12 . 2012-12-09 . 4 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084050/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/bazaar/2012q2/074744.html . live .
  24. Web site: Bazaar on the slow track . . Jonathan . Corbet . 2012-09-11 . 2012-11-14 . 4 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102622/https://lwn.net/Articles/515652/ . live .
  25. Web site: Bazaar-NG: 7 years of hacking on a distributed version control system . Jelmer . Vernooij . 2012-12-19 . 2012-12-21 . 5 November 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151105055322/http://www.stationary-traveller.eu/pages/bzr-a-retrospective.html . live .
  26. Web site: On the subject of Git, Bazaar, and the future of Emacs development . emacs-devel . 26 March 2013 . 30 March 2013 . 24 June 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160624034645/http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2013-03/threads.html#00776 . live .
  27. Web site: bzr is dying; Emacs needs to move . emacs-devel . 1 January 2014 . 10 January 2014 . 4 January 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170104064531/https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/emacs-devel/2014-01/msg00005.html . live .
  28. Web site: Emacs git conversion is done. 28 November 2014. 5 January 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170105181244/http://esr.ibiblio.org/?p=6524. live.
  29. Web site: Bugzilla:Migrating to git - MozillaWiki . 19 March 2014 . 20 April 2014 . 18 September 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160918040908/https://wiki.mozilla.org/Bugzilla:Migrating_to_git . live .
  30. Web site: 2.7.0 released. Canonical. 15 February 2016. 17 February 2016. Wilbur. Richard. 24 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160924212252/https://launchpad.net/bzr/+announcement/13860. live.
  31. Web site: Plans for Bazaar. 2020-09-12. lists.ubuntu.com. 1 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210501101406/https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/bazaar/2017q2/076170.html. live.
  32. Web site: WhyChooseSavannah. Savannah documentation. 2022-05-31. 23 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210423180640/https://savannah.gnu.org/maintenance/WhyChooseSavannah/. live.
  33. Web site: SourceForge Support / Documentation / Bazaar. 7 September 2017. 16 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220316020546/https://sourceforge.net/p/forge/documentation/Bazaar/. live.
  34. Web site: Armagetron Advanced Downloads. 2010-11-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20101116192909/http://armagetronad.net/downloads.php. 16 November 2010 . live.
  35. Web site: Beautiful Soup website. 2014-10-26. 27 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220327221204/https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/. live.
  36. Web site: Ubuntu in Launchpad. 2008-10-21. Canonical. https://web.archive.org/web/20081010150100/http://launchpad.net/ubuntu. 10 October 2008 . live.

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