Toro de fuego explained

A Spanish; Castilian: toro de fuego ("fire bull" or "bull of fire") (Basque: zezensuzko)[1] is a festive activity in Spain wherein a metal frame resembling a bull, with fireworks attached to it, is set alight, and then carried around town at night as though chasing people in the streets.[2] Participants dodge the bull when it comes close, especially because the burning fireworks set off sparks that can cause small burns in people's skin or clothes. This activity is held in a number of Spanish towns during their local festivals. This custom may have originated to replace the Toro embolado, in which a real bull is involved.

A similar custom in Ecuador and other Latin American countries is known as "crazy cow" (Spanish: vaca loca').[3]

Background

The fire bull is a festival that consists of running a cart or structure made with a frame, that imitates the shape of a bull. The bull is built with a metal or wooden frame or frame so that it can be transported by one or two people. Fireworks are attached to the frame. According to local tradition, the bull can also be in the form of a cart, to which the pyrotechnics are added. The festivals take place during both the day or night.[4]

The bull is widely used during local festivals in numerous towns in Spain and Some of these festivals have their origins in the 19th century. Fire bulls of are also part of the La Semana Grande festival of San Sebastián.[5] Once the fireworks are lit, the fiery bull chases anyone gathered in the streets or squares, scaring them with different types of pyrotechnics[6] In some years, San Sebastian may have as many as thirty bulls, each throwing of sparks.[4]

The fire bull is celebrated in numerous Spanish towns, such as Barrax,[7] Bilbao,[8] Candeleda (Ávila),[9] Ciempozuelos (Madrid),[10] Colombres (Asturias),[11] Guadalajara,[12] Haro (La Rioja),[13] Madridejos (Toledo),[14] Tocina (Seville),[15] Valmojado (Toledo),[16] (Huesca) or Fuente de Pedro Naharro (Cuenca). Depending on the location, carts or frames carried by one or more people, with pyrotechnics, are used.

There is an average of one toro de fuego at each local festival. According to data from the Ministry of the Interior for 2003 concerning festejos, there would be 391 for the community of Andalusia, 1143 for the community of Aragon, 1552 for the community of Castilla–La Mancha, 1986 for the community of Castile and León, 54 for the community of Catalonia, 613 for the community of Extremadura. In total for all of Spain: 11,287.

This custom may have originated to replace the Toro embolado, in which a real bull is involved.[17] In many communities in Spain, without the fire bull people feel that there would be no celebration.[18]

Outside of Spain

This practice is also celebrated in the south of France, notably in Saint-Savin (Hautes-Pyrénées), Saint-Jean-de-Luz (Pyrénées-Atlantiques) and Luz-Saint-Sauveur (Hautes-Pyrénées), as well as in Crusnes (Meurthe-et-Moselle).

Similar fiestas are celebrated in other countries such as Colombia,[19] Ecuador,[20] El Salvador, Paraguay or Peru among others, associated with the celebration of local fiestas in some countries, such as the patronal fiestas of Peru or Saint John's Eve in Paraguay, where it is typical. Known as vaca loca, toro candil or torito pinto.[21]

Unlike the bull of fire made in Spain, in some countries of America the bull of fire is decorated with papers and silks of various colors in addition to carrying on the sides or in other areas artificial fires, voladores or reeds with gunpowder that are lit salen disparados.

Many indigenous cultures adopted the bull festival, especially at Christmas as it reflected parts of their pre-Christian beliefs.[20] In Mexico, the bulls are used to celebrate the Christmas holidays in the same tradition of Mojigangas.[22]

Elements of a bull

Each frame usually has:[23]

a piece in the shape of a wheel, in which there are several cartridges that release colored sparks when the wheel is pushed in one direction making circles.

Further reading

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Zezensuzko . AUÑAMENDI EUSKO ENTZIKLOPEDIA.
  2. Web site: Toro de Fuego – Running of the Bulls® . 2022-09-25 . en-US . 28 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230528210207/https://www.runningofthebulls.com/event/toro-de-fuego/ . live .
  3. News: August 2015 . La tradición de la "Vaca Loca" en las fiestas populares ecuatorianas . es . 11 May 2024 . 24 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231124204532/https://ecuadordelsur.blogspot.com/2015/08/la-tradicion-de-la-vaca-loca-en-las.html . live .
  4. News: Esnaola . Xabier . 2014-08-10 . Los toros de fuego superan los 30 . 2020-03-05 . El País . San Sebastián . es . 1134-6582 . 7 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240507004548/https://elpais.com/ccaa/2014/08/10/paisvasco/1407689799_040713.html . live .
  5. News: Goñi . Félix M. . Fuegos artificiales en Euskalherria . Fireworks in the Basque Country . 2020-03-06 . Gobierno vasco . 26 . eu . Normativa sobre espectáculos pirotécnicos . 6 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240506232345/https://www.euskadi.eus/contenidos/informacion/jye_publi_espectaculos/es_def/adjuntos/Norm-espectaculos-pirotecnicos-esukadi-cas.pdf . live .
  6. Web site: Encierro de toros de fuego. 2020-03-05 . Donostia Kultura Donostia Kultura Bulegoak Konstituzio Plaza. astenagusia.donostiakultura.eus. https://web.archive.org/web/20240220221610/https://astenagusia.donostiakultura.eus/es/programa/agenda/32-encierro-de-toros-de-fuego?ide=12158 . 20 February 2024 . es.
  7. News: 2018-08-06 . El Toro de Fuego de Barrax, declarado Fiesta de Interés Turístico Regional . 2020-03-05 . abc . es . 11 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240511013338/https://www.abc.es/espana/castilla-la-mancha/abci-toro-fuego-barrax-declarado-fiesta-interes-turistico-regional-201808061332_noticia.html . live .
  8. Web site: 2019-09-08 . Aste Nagusia de Bilbao 2019: programación del 17 de agosto . 2020-03-05 . Kulturklik . es . 4 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211104185940/https://www.kulturklik.euskadi.eus/evento/2019080911335516/aste-nagusia-de-bilbao-2019-programacion-del-17-de-agosto/kulturklik/es/z12-detalle/es/ . live .
  9. Web site: Toro de fuego Puerta de la Vera . 2020-03-05 . es . 8 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231208171524/https://puertadelavera.com/tag/toro-de-fuego/ . live .
  10. Web site: Toros de fuego: tradición y cultura de Ciempozuelos . 2020-03-05 . ZIGZAG digital . 28 February 2018 . es . 4 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211104140949/https://zigzagdigital.com//art/15805/toros-de-fuego-tradicion-y-cultura-de-ciempozuelos . live .
  11. Web site: 2019-07-15 . Fiestas de Colombres 2019 . 2020-07-09 . casadepiedra.net . es . 7 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240507004541/https://casadepiedra.net/2019/08/13/fiestas-de-colombres-2019/ . live .
  12. Web site: 2019-09-15 . Nueve heridos en los toros de fuego de Guadalajara . 2020-03-05 . MiraCorredor . es . 7 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240507004542/https://www.miracorredor.tv/nueve-heridos-en-los-toros-de-fuego-de-guadalajara/ . live .
  13. Web site: 2018-09-18 . Escapando del toro de fuego . 2020-03-05 . La Rioja . es . 7 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240507004537/https://www.larioja.com/logrono/san-mateo/escapando-toro-fuego-20180918135818-nt.html . live .
  14. Web site: Toros de Fuego en Madridejos con motivo de la festividad de San Sebastián – Ayuntamiento de Madridejos . 2020-03-05 . Madridejos . 8 November 2013 .
  15. Web site: Bando municipal sobre cohetes, pirotecnia y toros de fuego . 2020-03-05 . Ayuntamiento de Tocina Los Rosales . es . 8 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240508080559/https://www.tocinalosrosales.es/es/actualidad/noticias/index.html . live .
  16. Web site: Fiestas destacadas . 2020-03-05 . valmojado.com . es-es . 7 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240507004545/http://www.valmojado.com/index.php . live .
  17. Web site: Playing with Fire . Running of the Bulls . 2020-11-29 . 2018-03-27 . 7 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240507032954/https://www.runningofthebulls.com/playing-with-fire . live .
  18. News: VILLANUEVA . MARÍA JOSÉ . Los populares toros de fuego lidian con la nueva normativa: "Sin ellos no hay fiesta" . Heraldo . 2023-09-17 . es . 11 May 2024 . 7 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240507035132/https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/huesca/2023/09/16/los-populares-toros-de-fuego-lidian-con-la-nueva-normativa-sin-ellos-no-hay-fiesta-1676467.html . live .
  19. Book: Wade, Peter . Music, Race, and Nation: Musica Tropical in Colombia . August 2000 . University of Chicago Press . 978-0-226-86844-8 . 11 May 2024 . 7 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240507034939/https://books.google.com/books?id=3FG5Fpcg_tkC&dq=%22vaca+loca%22&pg=PA98 . live .
  20. Book: Lema A., Germán Patricio . Los otavalos: cultura y tradición milenarias . Editorial Abya Yala . 1995 . 102 . 978-9978-04-124-6 . es . 11 May 2024 . 7 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240507041152/https://books.google.com/books?id=wy6w6zw5BAoC&dq=%22vaca+loca%22+-eeb+-s%C3%ADndrome+-enfermedad+-gripe&pg=PA102 . live .
  21. Tedesco . Giselda . Alves . Giberto . February 2018 . Toro Candil: tradição de uma fronteira ambivalente . Interações (Campo Grande) . pt . 19 . 1 . 10.20435/inter.v19i1.1622 . 11 May 2024 . 11 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240511013248/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323353658_Toro_Candil_tradicao_de_uma_fronteira_ambivalente . live .
  22. Rey-Marquez . Juan Ricardo . July 2007 . ColecciÓn de Historia, Área de Objetos Testimoniales . Cuadernos de Cultura . es . 5 . Museo Nacional de Colombia . 1909-5929 . 11 May 2024 . 7 July 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110707053609/http://www.museonacional.gov.co/inbox/files/docs/Pesebre.pdf . bot: unknown .
  23. Web site: Domingo Daza Librero . Toro de fuego, feria de Salteras . YouTube . es . 2012 . 11 May 2024 . 8 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240508094033/https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=bgzOaDWWUFM . live .

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