List of tornadoes in Washington, D.C. explained

Although it is a relatively small geographical area and tornadoes are a relatively rare phenomenon in the Mid-Atlantic region, Washington, D.C. has been hit by at least ten of these damaging storms since modern records have been kept. This list may be incomplete, as official tornado records only extend back to 1950 in the United States.^[1]

The surrounding states of Virginia and Maryland average 10 and 6 tornadoes per year, respectively, which is 0.23 and 0.48 tornadoes per 1000sqmi per year.^[2] In the same time period (1953 - 2004), Washington experienced only two tornadoes. However, this works out to around 0.56 tornadoes per 1000sqmi per year, which is not statistically higher than average for the surrounding area. The climatological peak for tornado occurrences in the area is in July;^[3] however, most Washington tornadoes have struck in May, while some have formed as early as April and as late as November.

One tornado of particular historical significance is the 1814 storm. Although there is some debate as to whether this storm was a true tornado, it likely killed some British soldiers, heavy rains helped extinguish the fires set by the British, and the losses suffered contributed to their withdrawal from the city.^[4] More recent tornadoes have damaged several national landmarks, including the National Mall, the National Arboretum, the United States Botanic Garden, and the Smithsonian Institution. Another tornado occurred just two weeks after the September 11 attacks in 2001, crossing the National Mall and narrowly missing the Pentagon.

Tornadoes

• August 25, 1814: A "most tremendous hurricane" struck the city during the Burning of Washington during the War of 1812. There are few historical accounts of this event, and many sources disagree on the details. Some sources question whether this event was a tornado or a hurricane. However, most agree that it was a true tornado, and some maintain that it was a tornado followed closely by a hurricane.

Whatever its nature, the storm tore the roofs from many buildings. Several cannons were thrown through the air by the violent winds. Thirty British soldiers and some residents were buried in the rubble, and several died. Damage to trees also occurred "higher in the country." The British Army left Washington soon after the storm, and heavy rains which accompanied the storm helped extinguish the fires.^{[4] [5] [6] [7]} At least thirty people died.^[8]

• September 16, 1888: Around 3:15 pm, an F2 tornado touched down between 9th Street NW and 10th Street NW, and it tracked for 2miles along Maryland Avenue.^[8] It unroofed two homes, damaged the Botanic Garden, and damaged the roof of the Smithsonian Institution.^{[5] [9]} There were no injuries or deaths.^[8]
• April 5, 1923: At around 3 p.m.,^[10] an F3 tornado touched down in the northern Rock Creek Park, moving northeast into Maryland.^{[8] [11]} The tornado tracked for 11miles.^[8] Twenty people were injured,^[8] seven homes were destroyed, and twelve other homes were damaged.^[8] There were no deaths.^{[10] [12] [13]}
• May 14, 1927: An F0 tornado produced minor damage near North Capitol Street and Rhode Island Avenue at 6:00 p.m.^[8] The funnel was a landspout, not associated with a severe thunderstorm, as no wind was reported outside of the damage area. A few trees were uprooted or damaged, with structural damage being limited to roof shingles and awnings, as well as a few tombstones knocked over.^{[5] [14]} No one was injured, and there was only minor damage.^[8]
• November 17, 1927: At 2:25 p.m., an F2 tornado touched down southwest of Alexandria, Virginia.^[15] After damaging Alexandria, the tornado crossed the Potomac River and injured several people at the Anacostia Naval Air Station.^[15]

The tornado crossed the Anacostia River and continued through the Navy Yard.^[15] From there, the tornado continued northward up Eighth Street Southeast and then turned a bit to travel north on Fourteenth Street near Lincoln Park.^[15] The tornado continued through the neighborhood of Kingman Park where it demolished several homes.^[15]

The tornado also damaged several Maryland suburbs, including Hyattsville, Bladensburg, Benning, and Colmar Manor.^{[15] [16] [17]} The tornado traveled about 15miles in all,^[18] including about 3miles in the District of Columbia.^[8] One person died from being struck by lightning while crossing a bridge; 49 other people were injured and 150 homes were either damaged or destroyed in the District.^{[19] [20]} Dozens of families were made homeless from the tornado.^[21]

The speed of the tornado's winds were estimated to be 125mph.^[15] Saint Cyprian Roman Catholic Church, located near Lincoln Park, sustained serious damage.^[15] An airplane hangar at Anacostia Naval Air Station was demolished along with the seven airplanes inside it.^[15] The tornado also tore the roof off of barracks at Anacostia Naval Air Station.^[22] Property losses were estimated to be $1,000,000.^[23]

• May 21, 1943: A waterspout formed over the Potomac River, moving on land near the Jefferson Memorial before dissipating without damaging any structures. Another funnel was also sighted, which may have touched down briefly near the National Naval Medical Center in nearby Bethesda, Maryland.^{[5] [8]}
• May 18, 1995

At 1:22 p.m., an F1 tornado uprooted dozens of trees and inflicted $50,000 in damage at the National Arboretum.^[5] There were no injuries.^[8]

• September 24, 2001: During a series of tornadoes in the Washington region, a weak tornado passed near the Pentagon, crossed the Potomac, and damaged some trees in D.C. before dissipating near the National Mall. Another funnel cloud passed over Union Station, but did not touch down as a tornado until it reached the College Park and Beltsville areas of Maryland.^[24] Two people died and 57 were injured.^[25]
• April 6, 2017: A tornado classified as EF0 on the Enhanced Fujita scale touched down in southeastern D.C., damaging trees on Joint Base Anacostia–Bolling.^{[26] [27]}
• July 1, 2021: An EF1 tornado as wide as and with winds of up to 900NaN0 formed in Arlington County's Waverly Hills community at 8:59 p.m. The tornado then traveled eastward through the County's Cherrydale and Lyon Village neighborhoods. Several homes lost siding and numerous trees were snapped and uprooted, with some downing power lines. A large tree limb struck a home, injuring and briefly trapping one person.^[28]

The tornado entered the District of Columbia when crossing the Potomac River near the Theodore Roosevelt Bridge. The twister then continued eastward along the National Mall until dissipating at 9:05 p.m. near 16th Street NW and Constitution Avenue, south of The Ellipse and the White House.^[28]

The tornado's winds uprooted trees and broke their trunks and branches on and near the Mall. Temporary fences erected for the Mall's upcoming July 4 Independence Day events were lifted, twisted and fell near the end of the tornado's path. Portable toilets brought in for the events also toppled over. Straight-line winds damaged trees near other landmarks, including the Lincoln Memorial and the District of Columbia War Memorial.^[28]

At 9:08 p.m., an EF0 tornado with winds of up to 800NaN0 and as wide as formed to the northeast near H Street NE. The twister traveled 0.75miles southeast into D.C.'s Kingman Park neighborhood, downing several hardwood trees and snapping numerous tree limbs. A large tree limb fell on two cars before the tornado dissipated at 9:10 p.m.^[28]

Possible tornadoes

• July 30, 1913: A tornado, or possibly intense downbursts, struck the District during a heat wave. Substantial damage occurred to some buildings and trees were downed throughout the city, including at the White House.^[29]

See also

• List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
• Lists of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
• Timeline of Washington, D.C.

References

Book reference

• Book: Grazulis, Thomas P . Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991 . July 1993 . The Tornado Project of Environmental Films . St. Johnsbury, VT . 1-879362-03-1 .
• Book: Ludlum, David McWilliams . Early American Tornadoes 1586–1870 . 1970 . American Meteorological Society . Boston, MA . 0-933876-32-7.

External links

• The Washington DC Tornado of 24 September 2001: Pre-storm environment and radar perspectives
• The Tornado and the Burning of Washington, August 25, 1814

Notes and References

1. Web site: NCDC Storm Events. May 13, 2008. 2008. National Climatic Data Center. https://web.archive.org/web/20100506004830/http://www4.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-win/wwcgi.dll?wwevent~storms. May 6, 2010. dead.
2. http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/severeweather/tornadoes.html#maps U.S. Tornado Climatology
3. http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/hazard/threatdays/jultor.gif Probability (%) of a Tornado in July (1980 - 1994)
4. Web site: Myatt, Kevin . Did tornado wreak havoc on War of 1812? . 2006-08-26 . . 2009-02-13 . https://archive.today/20120908193929/http://www.roanoke.com/weather/wb/79760 . dead . 2012-09-08 .
5. Web site: D.C. Listing of Tornadoes . February 13, 2009 . Watson . Barbara M. . December 2, 1999 . National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Baltimore/Washington . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100901204026/http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/lwx/Historic_Events/DC-tornado-events.htm . September 1, 2010 .
6. Ludlam, pg. 46
7. Grazulis, pg. 555
8. News: Maggie Fazeli . Fard . Tim. Richardson . The 8 tornadoes recorded in D.C. . The Washington Post . May 21, 2013 .
9. Grazulis pg. 645
10. News: Miraculous Escapes As $100,00 Tornado Twists Silver Spring . The Washington Post . April 6, 1923 . 1 .
11. Grazulis, pg. 783
12. News: Scenes After Tornado Swept Through Silver Spring With $100,000 Property Damage . The Washington Post . 5 . April 6, 1923 .
13. News: 4 Injured in Tornado Reported Recovering . The Washington Post . April 7, 1923 . 2 .
14. Web site: Washington, D. C., Tornado of May 14, 1927. February 13, 2009 . Samuels . L. T.. May 1927. Monthly Weather Review. American Meteorological Society. 227.
15. News: One Dead, Hundreds Hurt and Homeless in Tornado That Strews Ruin in Capital from Alexandria to Maryland Suburbs . 1 . The Washington Post . November 18, 1927 .
16. News: Deputies Patrol in Colmar Manor to Avoid Looting . 4 . The Washington Post . November 18, 1927 .
17. News: Course Taken By Tornado Illustrated By Map . The Washington Post . November 18, 1927 . 2 .
18. News: City Speeds Work of Restoring Area Swept by Storm . The Washington Post . 1 . November 19, 1927 .
19. News: Tornado Dead and Injured . 1 . The Washington Post . November 18, 1927 .
20. Grazulis, 815
21. News: Prayers of Thanksgiving Offered by Sufferers. 5. The Washington Post . November 18, 1927 .
22. News: Aircraft Wrecked, Hangars Damaged, In Navy Air Station . The Washington Post . 2 . November 18, 1927 .
23. News: Thursday's Tornado . The Washington Post . 6 . November 19, 1927 .
24. Web site: Event Record Details . September 24, 2001 . February 13, 2009 . NCDC Storm Events database. National Climatic Data Center.
25. News: Tornado kills two, damages University of Maryland . Associated Press . USA Today . September 25, 2001 . June 12, 2014 . October 6, 2001 . https://web.archive.org/web/20011006162823/http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2001/2001-09-24-dc-twister.htm . dead . USA TODAY, September 25, 2001 (archived)
26. Web site: Dildine. Dave. Tornado touchdowns confirmed in Va., DC. April 7, 2017 . April 6, 2017. WTOP-FM.
27. News: Jason . Samenow . Multiple tornadoes hit the D.C. area Thursday . The Washington Post . April 7, 2017 . April 7, 2017 .
28. (1) Web site: Dildine. Dave. July 1, 2021. Storm activity and damage on National Mall and vicinity. images and videos. Twitter. July 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210702014851/https://twitter.com/DildineWTOP/status/1410772833135960076. July 2, 2021. live.
    (2) Web site: Public Information Statement. NOAA's National Weather Service: NWSChat. July 2, 2021. Silver Spring, Maryland. United States Department of Commerce

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: National Weather Service

    . https://web.archive.org/web/20210703000738/https://nwschat.weather.gov/p.php?pid=202107022328-KLWX-NOUS41-PNSLWX. July 3, 2021. July 3, 2021. live. NWS damage survey for 07/01/21 confirms two tornados .... A supercell thunderstorm produced two tornadoes in Arlington VA and Washington DC during the mid evening hours of Thursday, July 1st, 2021. .....
    (3) Web site: BREAKING: NWS Confirms Tornado Ripped Through North Arlington Neighborhoods. July 2, 2021. ARLnow. Arlington County, Virginia. ARLnow.com. July 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210702194948/https://www.arlnow.com/2021/07/02/possible-tornado-ripped-through-north-arlington-neighborhoods/. July 2, 2021. live.
    (4) News: Halverson. Jeff. Samenow. Jason. Livingston. Ian. July 2, 2021. How two tornadoes touched down between Arlington and the District on Thursday night. Capital Weather Gang. The Washington Post. July 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210703025338if_/https://www.washingtonpost.com/gdpr-consent/?next_url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.washingtonpost.com%2fweather%2f2021%2f07%2f02%2fdc-tornado-damage-explanation%2f. July 3, 2021. live. }
    (5) Web site: Laura. Wainman. Jordan. Fischer. Miri. Marshall. Brielle. Ashford. July 3, 2021. NWS: Tornadoes touched down in Arlington and DC. WUSA9. July 3, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210703230219/https://www.wusa9.com/article/weather/tornadoes-in-dc-national-weather-service/65-9d83576a-abd6-4b44-a670-b98f49bb97e9. July 3, 2021. live.
29. https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/wp/2013/07/30/possible-tornado-struck-d-c-and-the-white-house-100-years-ago-photos/ Possible tornado struck Washington, D.C. and the White House 100 years ago