Torix (annelid) explained

Torix is a genus of Rhynchobdellid leeches in the family Glossiphoniidae, found in Eastern Asia and Japan.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Rana japonica, the Japanese brown frog, is the main host of T. tagoi.

Rickettsia bacterial infection

Two members of the genus, T. tagoi and T. tukubana, show high percentages of Rickettsia infection in the wild; 96% and 83% respectively, according to a 2003 study.[8] Eggs of T. tagoi were found to all contain the bacteria, indicating the bacteria is almost always passed on to the next generation (vertical transmission).[8] It was found that infected leeches grew far larger than those uninfected with the bacteria.[8] Another paper concluded that the Rickettsia that acted as endosymbionts in the leeches represented a separate clade of Rickettsia, named the torix clade.[9] [10] As T. tagoi feeds on the blood of amphibians such as frogs and newts, it is possible that those amphibians were the route of horizontal transmission.[9]

Species

The number of species the genus contains is somewhat disputed between taxonomic databases and scientific papers.

Torix baicalensis was moved to the genus Glossiphonia.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Genus Torix . 2022-12-10 . iNaturalist . en.
  2. Web site: ADW: Torix: CLASSIFICATION . 2022-12-10 . animaldiversity.org.
  3. Web site: Zicha . Ondrej . BioLib: Biological library . 2022-12-10 . www.biolib.cz.
  4. Web site: taxonomy . Taxonomy browser (Torix) . 2022-12-10 . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  5. Web site: Torix Blanchard, 1893 . 2022-12-10 . www.gbif.org . en.
  6. Web site: WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Torix Blanchard, 1893 . 2022-12-10 . www.marinespecies.org.
  7. Web site: NZOR Name Details - Torix . 2022-12-10 . www.nzor.org.nz.
  8. Kikuchi . Fukatsu . 30 June 2003 . Rickettsia Infection in Natural Leech Populations . Microbial Ecology . 49 . 2 . 265–271 . 10.1007/s00248-004-0140-5 . 9375808 . ResearchGate.
  9. Kikuchi . Yoshitomo . Sameshima . Shinya . Kitade . Osamu . Kojima . Junichi . Fukatsu . Takema . Feb 2002 . Novel Clade of Rickettsia spp. from Leeches . Applied and Environmental Microbiology . 68 . 2 . 999–1004 . 10.1128/AEM.68.2.999-1004.2002 . 0099-2240 . 11823253. 126704 .
  10. Web site: taxonomy . Taxonomy browser (Rickettsia endosymbiont of Torix tukubana) . 2022-12-11 . www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
  11. Sasaki . Akio . 2015 . First Record of Torix tagoi（Oka, 1925）in Yamanashi Prefecture and Shizuoka Prefecture . live . Natural History of the Tokai District . ja . 8 . 5–8 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221003140502/http://www.spmnh.jp/report/tokainh08/tokai0802.pdf . 3 Oct 2022 . [This genus has 7 species (T. mirus Blanchard，1893- T. baicalensis Schegolev, 1922- T. cotylifer Blanchard, 1898- T. orientalis (Oka, 1925) ・ T. tagoi (Oka, 1925) - T. tukubana (Oka, 1935) ・ T. novazealandiae (Dendy and Olliver, 1925). (Sawyer, 1986).].
  12. Kambayashi . Chiaki . Kurabayashi . Atsushi . Nakano . Takafumi . 2020-08-11 . Topotype-based redescription of the leech Torix tukubana (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniiformes: Glossiphoniidae) . Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . 133 . 1 . 59 . 10.2988/20-00003 . 0006-324X. free .

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