Tonna (gastropod) explained
Tonna is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Tonnidae, the tun or cask shells.[1]
Description
The thin shell is ventricose, inflated, generally globular, rarely oblong, and encircled with ribs. The spire is short. The outer lip is crenulated and sometimes denticulated throughout its whole length. The oblong aperture is very large and emarginated inferiorly. The columella is channeled. There is no operculum.
The animal is very large, so as scarcely to be contained within its shell. The head is broad, and swollen before, supporting two long, slender, obtuse, distant tentacles, dilated towards the base, where the eyes are situated. The mouth is large, muscular, strong, and retractile. The respiratory tube is pretty stout. Its cavity is capacious, entirely open, provided with two branchiae placed on the left side, the larger of which, describes a pretty large semicircle. The trunk is cylindrical, very much developed, flexible, capable of being turned in every direction at the will of the animal, and of elongating itself in a remarkable manner. It is furnished internally with several rows of hooks. The foot is ovate, large, and fleshy, bordering all parts of the shell. It is rounded, widened, lobed, and dilated before, with a horizontal furrow. The posterior extremity has no trace of an. operculum. The generative organ of the male is very retractile.[2]
The genus Tonna comprehends a small number of species, some of which attain so remarkable a growth, that they are sometimes as large as a man's head. The general appearance of the shell, of an inflated, thick-set form, calls up the image of a tun, whence is derived its generic name. Thus, the characters which make up these species are a form more or less inflated, girdled, and very globular. The spire is much shorter than the body whorl. This causes the size of the aperture, which almost always occupies two-thirds of the length of the shell.
The animals of the tuns are in general strongly colored, and painted with different tints which form bands and spottings upon their entire exterior.
Distribution
This marine species is cosmopolitan.
Species
Species within the genus Tonna include:
- Tonna alanbeui Vos, 2005
- Tonna allium (Dillwyn, 1817)
- Tonna ampullacea (Philippi, 1845)
- Tonna berthae Vos, 2005
- Tonna boucheti Vos, 2005
- Tonna bozzettii T. Cossignani, 2021
- Tonna canaliculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Tonna chinensis Dillwyn, 1817
- Tonna cumingii (Hanley in Reeve, 1849)
- Tonna deshayesii (Reeve, 1849)
- Tonna dolium (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Tonna dunkeri (Hanley, 1860)
- Tonna galea (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Tonna hawaiiensis Vos, 2007
- Tonna lischkeana (Küster, 1857)
- Tonna luteostoma (Küster, 1857)
- Tonna melanostoma (Jay, 1839)
- Tonna morrisoni Vos, 2005
- Tonna oentoengi Vos, 2005
- Tonna pennata (Mörch, 1853)
- Tonna perdix (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Tonna poppei Vos, 2005
- Tonna rosemaryae Vos, 1999
- Tonna sulcosa (Born, 1778)
- Tonna tankervillii (Hanley, 1860)
- Tonna tenebrosa (Hanley, 1860)
- Tonna tessellata (Lamarck, 1816)
- Tonna tetracotula Hedley, 1919
- Tonna variegata (Lamarck, 1822)
- Tonna zonata (Green, 1830)
- Species brought into synonymy:
- Tonna cepa (Röding, 1798): synonym of Tonna canaliculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Tonna cerevisina Hedley, 1919: synonym of Tonna tankervillii (Hanley, 1860)
- Tonna chinensis Hinton, 1972: synonym of Tonna alanbeui (Vos, 2005)
- Tonna chinensis Zhang & Ma, 2004: synonym of Tonna boucheti (Vos, 2005)
- Tonna cimingii Hinton, 1974 : synonym of Tonna poppei (Vos, 2005)
- Tonna costata : synonym of Tonna allium (Dillwyn, 1817)
- Tonna fasciata (Martini, 1777): synonym of Tonna sulcosa (Born, 1778)
- Tonna fimbriata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1827): synonym of Tonna allium (Dillwyn, 1817)
- Tonna hardyi Bozzetti & Ferrario, 2005 : synonym of Tonna allium (Dillwyn, 1817)
- Tonna haurakiensis (Hedley, 1919): synonym of Tonna tankervillii (Hanley, 1860)
- Tonna maculata (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Tonna dolium (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Tonna maculosa (Dillwyn, 1817): synonym of Tonna pennata (Mörch, 1853)
- Tonna maoria Powell, 1938 : synonym of Tonna cumingii (Hanley in Reeve, 1849)
- Tonna marginata (Philippi, 1845): synonym of Tonna lischkeana (Küster, 1857)
- Tonna niasensis Wissema, 1947 †: synonym of Tonna sulcosa (Born, 1778)
- Tonna olearium (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Tonna galea (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Tonna oentoengi Dharma, 2005 : synonym of Tonna oentoengi (Vos, 2005)
- Tonna parvula (Tapparone Canefri, 1878): synonym of Tonna tessellata (Lamarck, 1816)
- Tonna perdix Steyn & Steyn, 2002 : synonym of Tonna dunkeri (Hanley, 1860)
- Tonna planicostata Dodge, 1956: synonym of Tonna canaliculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Tonna pyriformis (G. B. Sowerby III, 1914): synonym of Eudolium crosseanum (Monterosato, 1869)
- Tonna variegata Kilburn, 1971 : synonym of Tonna dunkeri (Hanley, 1860)
- Tonna variegata Suter, 1913 : synonym of Tonna tankervillii (Hanley, 1860)
References
- Rovereto, G. 1899. Prime ricerche sinonimiche sui generi dei gasteropodi. Atti della Società Ligustica de Scienze Naturali e Geografiche 10: 101-110
- Iredale, T. & McMichael, D.F. 1962. A reference list of the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 11: 1-109
- Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp
- Wilson, B. 1993. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, Western Australia : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 1 408 pp.
- Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
- Rolán E., 2005. Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda
- Beu, A. G. (2005) Neogene fossil tonnoidean gastropods of Indonesia. Scripta Geologica 130, p. 1-186, pp. 166, figs. 327
- Vos, C. (2007). A conchological Iconography (No. 13) - The family Tonnidae. 123 pp., 30 numb. plus 41 (1 col.) un-numb. text-figs, 33 maps., 63 col. pls, Conchbooks, Germany
- Beu, A.G., Bouchet, P. & Tröndlé, J. 2012. Tonnoidean gastropods of French Polynesia. Molluscan Research 32(2): 61-120
- Vos, C. (2012) Overview of the Tonnidae (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) in Chinese waters. Shell Discoveries 1(1); pp. 12–22; Pls. 1-9
- Vos, C. (2013) Overview of the Tonnidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Chinese waters. Gloria Maris 52(1-2); pp. 22–53; Pls. 1-9
Further reading
External links
- Brünnich, M. & Stejneger, L. 1772. Zoologiae Fundamenta Praelectionibus Academicis Accomodata. pp. 254
- Röding, P.F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Hamburg : Trappii 199 pp.
- Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de 1801. Systeme des animaux sans vertebres, ou tableau general des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux. Paris : Chez Deterville 432 pp.
- Link, H.F. 1807. Beschreibung der Naturalien Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock. Rostock : Alders Erben.
- Montfort, P.D. de 1810. Conchyliologie Systematique, et Classification Methodique des Coquilles. Paris : F. Schoell Vol. 2 676 + 16 pp.
- Iredale, T. 1931. Australian molluscan notes. No. 1. Records of the Australian Museum 18(4): 201-235, pls xxii-xxv
- Forbes, E. 1852. On the Mollusca collected by Mr MacGillivray during the voyage of the Rattlesnake. pp. 360-386 in MacGillivray, J. (ed). Narrative of the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake, commanded by the late Captain Owen Stanley, R.N., F.R.S. etc, during the years 1846-1850. London : Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty Vol. II 395 pp.
Notes and References
- WoRMS (2010). Tonna Brunnich, 1771. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138557 on 2011-02-23
- https://archive.org/details/generalspeciesic00kien/page/n152/mode/1up?view=theater&q=dolium Kiener (1840). General species and iconography of recent shells : comprising the Massena Museum, the collection of Lamarck, the collection of the Museum of Natural History, and the recent discoveries of travellers; Boston :W.D. Ticknor,1837
