Tongue training explained

Tongue training is a technique used to encourage proper tongue motion. Tongue training is used to treat individuals suffering from Ankyloglossia (the "tongue tied" medical condition) and other tongue dysfunctions.[1] It is important for individuals suffering from orofacial myological disorders. Tongue training is a method used to teach the correct accent of any language.[2] [3]

Brazil is the only country to have legislated a state law requiring a tongue evaluation to be performed for each newborn as a screening test (“teste da linguine” under Law 13.002 / 2014).

Tongue malfunction

Appropriate motion and strength of the tongue are vital for eating, swallowing, and breathing. Tongue motion plays a fundamental role in the development of oral and facial structures, as insufficient tongue motion may cause many body malfunctions.[4] [5] [6]

Many tongue malfunctions are not diagnosed at the newborn stage, which can have significant consequences in later life, such as:[7] [8] [9] [10]

Protocols

Historically, in many cultures, physicians have performed tongue releases for babies with significant benefits.[11] [12] [13] [14] Various protocols exist for diagnosing and treating tongue malfunctions.

The protocol depends on the caregiver's profession and the patient's age.

Studies show that passive and active tongue exercises are required to improve tongue motion. Tongue training is an encouragement or neuromuscular re-education, which helps strengthen tongue muscle. This is critical for a positive prognosis post-frenectomy.

It is now standard that when a sub-functional tongue is diagnosed, even in infants, the caregiver recommends tongue exercises, before a referral for a frenectomy, as well as after the procedure. This conditions the baby and the parent/caretaker, and begins to "fire and wire the muscles to help overall tone and strength” of the tongue.

In addition to the standard tongue training protocol for a diagnosed sub-functional tongue using methods and tools enable comfortable, pleasant and practical tongue training, lead caregivers recommend that each newborn receive a tongue training of two weeks accompanied by professional guidance.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Multidisciplinary management of ankyloglossia in childhood.. 2018-11-28. 2018-06-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20180602195417/http://www.medicinaoral.com/pubmed/medoralv21_i1_p39.pdf. live.
  2. Web site: Tongue Training: How to Perfect an Accent Language Trainers UK Blog. en-US. 2019-04-21. 2020-09-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20200928160618/https://www.languagetrainers.co.uk/blog/2016/09/26/tongue-training-how-to-perfect-an-accent/. live.
  3. Mizuhashi. F.. Takahashi. M.. Koide. K.. Arakawa. I.. 2015-06-01. Effect of the tongue rotation exercise training on the oral functions in normal adults – Part 1 investigation of tongue pressure and labial closure strength. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. en. 42. 6. 407–413. 10.1111/joor.12271. 25640889. 1365-2842.
  4. Lingual frenulum protocol with scores for infants. https://web.archive.org/web/20190125020312/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9ef9/e12bf7796d3b8f56791e4fff7fd9f942a9e6.pdf. dead. 2019-01-25. 2012. 1. 10.52010/IJOM.2012.38.1.8. 24750843. Martinelli. Roberta. Marachesan. Irene. Berretin-Felix. Giedre. International Journal of Orofacial Myology. 38. 104–112. 23362754.
  5. Lingual frenulum: Classification and speech interference. The International Journal of Orofacial Myology . 30. 31–8. 15832860. 2004. Queiroz Marchesan. I..
  6. Sánchez-Molins M., Grau Carbó C., Lischeid Gaig C., Ustrell Torrent JM. Comparative study of the craniofacial growth depending on the type of lactation received. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2010; 11:87-92. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry . 11. 2. 87–92. 20635843. 2010. Sánchez-Molins. M.. Grau Carbó. J.. Lischeid Gaig. C.. Ustrell Torrent. J. M..
  7. Merdad . Hisham . Mascarenhas . Ana Karina . Ankyloglossia may Cause Breastfeeding, Tongue Mobility, and Speech Difficulties, with Inconclusive Results on Treatment Choices . Journal of Evidence Based Dental Practice . September 2010 . 10 . 3 . 152–153 . 10.1016/j.jebdp.2010.05.009. 20797658 .
  8. E. Ferrés-Amat, T. Pastor-Vera, P. Rodriguez-Alessi, E. Ferrés-Amat, J. Mareque-Bueno, E. Ferrés-Padró (2017) The prevalence of ankyloglossia in 302 newborns with breastfeeding problems and sucking difficulties in Barcelona: a descriptive study. European Journal of paediatric dentistry vol. 18/4-2017. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry . 18. 4. 319–325. 29380619. 2017. Ferrés-Amat. E.. Pastor-Vera. T.. Rodriguez-Alessi. P.. Ferrés-Amat. E.. Mareque-Bueno. J.. Ferrés-Padró. E.. 10.23804/ejpd.2017.18.04.10.
  9. Book: Baxter R. et Al (2018) Tongue-tied: How a tiny string under the tongue impacts nursing, speech, feeding and more. Alabama Tongue-Tie Center.
  10. Yoon A, Zaghi S, Ha S, Law C, Guilleminault C, Liu S. Ankyloglossia as a risk factor for maxillary hypoplasia and soft palate elongation: A functional–morphological study.. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research. 20. 4. 237–244. 28994495. 2017. Yoon. A. J.. Zaghi. S.. Ha. S.. Law. C. S.. Guilleminault. C.. Liu. S. Y.. 10.1111/ocr.12206.
  11. S. Dollberg, E. Botzer et al., Immediate nipple pain relief after frenotomy in breast-fed infants with ankyloglossia: a randomized, prospective study. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 41. 9. 1598–600. 16952598. 2006. Dollberg. S.. Botzer. E.. Grunis. E.. Mimouni. F. B.. 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2006.05.024.
  12. J. Billington et al. Long-term efficacy of a tongue tie service in improving breast feeding rates: A prospective study. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 53. 2. 286–288. February 2018. 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.11.014. 29248165. Billington. J.. Yardley. I.. Upadhyaya. M..
  13. Buryk M et al. Efficacy of neonatal release of Ankyloglossia: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 128. 2. 280–288. August 2011. 10.1542/peds.2011-0077. 21768318. Shope. Timothy. Bloom. David. Buryk. Melissa. free. 2018-11-28. 2018-12-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20181223211441/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/128/2/280.short. live.
  14. Villa, M.P., Evangelisti, M., Martella, S. et al. Can Myofunctional therapy increase tongue tone and reduce symptoms in children with sleep-disordered breathing? Sleep Breathing (2017) 21: 1025. Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung. 21. 4. 1025–1032. 28315149. 2017. Villa. M. P.. Evangelisti. M.. Martella. S.. Barreto. M.. Del Pozzo. M.. 10.1007/s11325-017-1489-2. 28529788.

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