Tonawanda (town), New York should not be confused with Tonawanda (city), New York.
| Tonawanda | |
| Official Name: | Town of Tonawanda |
| Settlement Type: | Town |
| Nickname: | Ken-Ton (with Kenmore) |
| Mapsize: | 260px |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | United States |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | New York |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Erie |
| Government Type: | Town council |
| Leader Title: | Town supervisor |
| Leader Name: | Joseph H. Emminger (D) |
| Leader Title1: | Town council |
| Leader Title2: | Town Clerk |
| Leader Name2: | Marguerite Greco (D) |
| Established Title: | Settlement |
| Established Date: | 1805 |
| Unit Pref: | Imperial |
| Area Total Km2: | 52.5 |
| Area Land Km2: | 48.5 |
| Area Water Km2: | 4.0 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 |
| Population Total: | 72636 |
| Population Density Km2: | 1516.1 |
| Timezone: | Eastern (EST) |
| Utc Offset: | -5 |
| Timezone Dst: | EDT |
| Utc Offset Dst: | -4 |
| Elevation M: | 188 |
| Elevation Ft: | 617 |
| Coordinates: | 42.9814°N -78.8553°W |
| Area Code: | 716 |
| Blank Name: | FIPS code |
| Blank Info: | 36-75000 |
| Blank1 Name: | GNIS feature ID |
| Blank1 Info: | 0979551 |
| Named For: | Swift Waters in Eriechronon |
Tonawanda (formally the Town of Tonawanda; Tahnawáteh) is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 72,636.[1] The town is at the north border of the county and is the northern inner ring suburb of Buffalo. It is sometimes referred to, along with its constituent village of Kenmore, as "Ken-Ton". The town was established in 1836, and up to 1903 it included what is now the city of Tonawanda.
The Town of Tonawanda is located at the former west-southwest shore of glacial Lake Tonawanda. The lake followed the southern side of the Niagara Escarpment and drained when Lake Erie's hydrological path started to go over Niagara Falls.
This area was under French control from the 17th century until it was ceded to the British after the French and Indian War.
The first European settlers arrived around 1805. Rapid growth began after the construction of the Erie Canal, completed in 1825. Tonawanda occupies the northwest corner of Erie County and is bounded on the north by the Erie Canal, which here follows Tonawanda Creek.
The town of Tonawanda was established in 1836, by separation from the town of Buffalo (now part of the city of Buffalo). At that time it included land that later became part of the town of Grand Island (established 1852) and the entire city of Tonawanda (established 1904).
In 1899, Kenmore incorporated as a village of the town, and remained the town's primary residential and commercial district until the rest of the town was heavily developed into suburban housing in the 1940s and 1950s.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 52.5sqkm, of which 48.5sqkm is land and 4sqkm, or 7.61%, is water.[2]
The northern border of the town is the city of Tonawanda and Tonawanda Creek, which is part of the Erie Canal, and the western border is the Niagara River. Ellicott Creek flows parallel to Tonawanda Creek in the northern part of the town, with a confluence just east of the Niagara River. The eastern border, marked by U.S. Route 62 (Niagara Falls Boulevard), is the town of Amherst. Forming the southern border is the village of Kenmore and the city of Buffalo.
As of the census of 2010, there were 78,155 people, 33,278 households, and 21,164 families residing in the town.[3] The population density was 4156.3sp=usNaNsp=us. There were 34,634 housing units at an average density of 1841.8sp=usNaNsp=us. The racial makeup of the town was 93.01% White, 1.41% Black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 1.30% Pacific Islander, 0.36% from other races, and 1.60% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.70% of the population.
There were 32,951 households, out of which 22.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% were non-families.
In 2009, citizen environmental monitoring of air quality problems resulted in an investigation by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) into emissions from Tonawanda Coke Corporation (TCC), a producer of foundry coke located on River Road, Tonawanda.[4] [5] In 1998 TCC had been cited by the EPA for violations of oil spill prevention sections of the federal Clean Water Act following contamination of the nearby Niagara River.[6] The investigations into air quality revealed TCC was using an unreported pressure-relief system to vent coke oven gases containing benzene direct to the atmosphere, operating a coke-quenching tower without pollution-control baffles, and dumping hazardous waste in the form of coal tar sludge.[7]
In March 2013 TCC was convicted by a federal jury on 11 counts of violating the Clean Air Act (CAA) and three counts of violating the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). In March 2014 TCC was sentenced in federal court to pay a $12.5 million penalty and $12.2 million in community service payments for the violations. TCC's Environmental Control Manager, Mark L. Kamholz, was convicted of 11 counts of violating the CAA, one count of obstruction of justice and three counts of violating the RCRA, and was sentenced to one year in prison, 100 hours of community service, and a $20,000 fine.[7]
In July 2014 DuPont was fined $440,000 for violations of the CAA at its plant at Sheridan Drive and River Road. The EPA found that the plant had inadequate pollution-control equipment, failed to maintain a monitoring system for the equipment, violated several reporting requirements and underreported air pollution on its annual statements. Emissions from the plant included methyl methacrylate and vinyl fluoride.[8]
One of the Town of Tonawanda's best known landmarks is the blue Korean War-era Grumman F9F-6P Cougar Naval airframe displayed in Walter M. Kenney Field at the northwest corner of Brighton Road and Colvin Boulevard.[9] The "blue jet", as it is often called, has been on loan to the town from the U.S. government since May 1959.[9] Immediately behind the F9F-6P airframe is the Town of Tonawanda Veterans Memorial, dedicated on August 18, 2009. Retired U.S. Army General and former U.S. Secretary of State Colin L. Powell delivered the keynote address during the memorial's dedication ceremony before a crowd of more than 1,500.[10] [11]
The Town of Tonawanda Historical Society operates a museum out of a former German Evangelical Church constructed in 1849.[12] This facility, located at 100 Knoche Road, is the oldest public building in the town.[12]
Tonawonda Town is mostly located in Kenmore-Tonawanda Union Free School District, while a portion is in Sweet Home Central School District.[13]
Tonawanda has two public high schools, both in the Kenmore-Tonawanda UFSD: Kenmore West Senior High School and Kenmore East High School.
The town is also home to St. Joseph's Collegiate Institute, Mount Saint Mary Academy, and Cardinal O'Hara High School.[14]
St. Francis of Assisi School closed in 2014. In January 2014 it had 19 employees and 152 students.[15]