| Type: | commune |
| County: | Timiș |
| Population Total: | auto |
| Tomnatic | |
| Leader Name: | Stoian Vasiu[1] |
| Leader Term: | 2020 - 2024 |
| Leader Party: | PSD |
| Coordinates: | 45.9833°N 59°W |
| Area Footnotes: | [2] |
| Area Total Km2: | 35.38 |
| Postal Code: | 307255 |
Tomnatic (German: Triebswetter; Hungarian: Nagyősz) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Tomnatic. It was part of Lovrin commune until 2004, when it was split off.
The name is the Romanian translation of the German Triebswetter ("fall weather"). This was the name of the village until the union of Banat with Romania. Through Romanianization, it was changed to Tomnatic. In some cases, the form Tomnatec was also used.[3]
Near Tomnatic took place the last battle between Ahtum, the leader of Romanians, Pechenegs and Bulgars in the rough territory of today's Banat, and the Hungarian invaders led by Chanadinus, a rebellious general of Ahtum, in 1003 or 1030 (the date of the battle is disputed).[4]
Tomnatic first appears in written history in 1000.[5] By 1451, it is mentioned under the name of Naghiuz ("Uzul Mare"), probably with reference to the Cuman population (Udi), who remained for a long time on the territory of the historical Banat. It was inhabited until the end of the Ottoman period, because Marsigli, in 1690–1700, mentions the Nagyeösz estate. With the reconquest of Banat from the Turks in 1716, the colonization of the region began. In 1772, at Tomnatic were settled colonists from the Alsace–Lorraine area, mostly French. 62% of the first settlers came from the Château-Salins area of France (on the border with Germany), 8% from Luxembourg, 5% from Baden, 5% from Bavaria and the rest from other parts of Germany.[6] 200 houses were originally built, according to the plans of engineer Antonius von Triebswetter. The name of the new Franco-German village was given in his honor: Triebswetter.
Tomnatic was for a long time the largest "French" village in Banat. The Germans were located in the southern part of the village on the so-called Deutschgasse (German street), and the French lived in the rest of the village. In time there was an assimilation of the French by the Germans, other French left Tomnatic for other French colonies in the Serbian Banat. The last person to speak only French was recorded in 1890. Some words of French origin have been preserved in the local vocabulary and the names of some families are reminiscent of the French origins of the inhabitants: Bailly, Bourgeau, Boquel, Frecôt, Tirier, etc.
The local church was built between 1846 and 1850. The then bishop of Banat, French-born, equipped the church with a high altar and two side altars.[7] During the Hungarian administration, it was called Nagyösz, and after 1920 it took its current Romanian name. Just before the end of World War II, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction works. Subsequently, 1,002 people from Tomnatic (almost a quarter of the population) were deported to the Bărăgan steppe, irrespective of ethnicity.[8]
Tomnatic had a population of 3,144 inhabitants at the 2011 census, up 2% from the 2002 census. Most inhabitants are Romanians (78.44%), larger minorities being represented by Roma (6.77%), Hungarians (3.98%), Germans (3.88%) and Ukrainians (1.43%). For 4.55% of the population, ethnicity is unknown.[9] By religion, most inhabitants are Orthodox (69.85%), but there are also minorities of Roman Catholics (15.81%), Pentecostals (6.39%) and Greek Catholics (1.56%). For 4.55% of the population, religious affiliation is unknown.[10]
| Census[11] | Ethnic composition | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Population | Bulgarians | |||||||
| 1880 | 3,428 | 29 | 9 | 3,363 | – | – | 1 | – | |
| 1890 | 3,659 | 32 | 17 | 3,560 | – | – | 11 | – | |
| 1900 | 3,435 | 41 | 60 | 3,319 | – | – | 12 | – | |
| 1910 | 3,622 | 55 | 56 | 3,378 | 51 | – | 68 | – | |
| 1920 | 3,438 | 24 | 17 | 3,352 | – | – | – | – | |
| 1930 | 3,296 | 144 | 102 | 2,748 | 78 | – | 17 | 4 | |
| 1941 | 3,364 | 266 | 170 | 2,743 | – | – | – | – | |
| 1956 | 3,501 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| 1966 | 3,459 | 1,253 | 180 | 1,819 | 79 | 4 | 4 | 91 | |
| 1977 | 3,585 | 1,673 | 194 | 1,454 | 169 | 15 | 5 | 61 | |
| 1992 | 2,927 | 1,987 | 165 | 383 | 277 | 76 | 4 | 32 | |
| 2002 | 3,088 | 2,429 | 144 | 154 | 260 | 75 | 7 | 18 | |
| 2011 | 3,144 | 2,466 | 125 | 122 | 213 | 45 | 9 | 19 | |
The local economy is based on agriculture, the inhabitants being specialized in growing vegetables. In the past, the village was known for its vineyards and orchards. After the installation of communism, agriculture took the form of vegetable farming on a large scale. Tomnatic was in the past the largest paprika production center in Banat. Today, paprika cultivation is practiced on a much smaller scale.
| Year | No. of active companies | No. of employees | Evolution of total turnover[12] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 32 | 186 | RON 13.37 million | |
| 2007 | 44 | 209 | RON 26.58 million | |
| 2009 | 41 | 127 | RON 16.08 million | |
| 2011 | 43 | 149 | RON 30.51 million | |
| 2013 | 47 | 128 | RON 23.61 million | |
| 2015 | 50 | 114 | RON 32.32 million | |
| 2017 | 50 | 118 | RON 35.93 million | |
| 2019 | 56 | 112 | RON 39.05 million | |
| 2021 | 64 | 96 | RON 64.23 million |