Fairfield, Connecticut Explained

Fairfield, Connecticut
Native Name:Uncoway (The Place Beyond)
Native Name Lang:Mohegan-Pequot language
Settlement Type:Town
Coordinates:41.1758°N -73.2719°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:United States
Subdivision Type1:U.S. state
Subdivision Name1:Connecticut
Subdivision Type2:County
Subdivision Name2:Fairfield
Subdivision Type3:Region
Subdivision Name3:CT Metropolitan
Established Title:Founded
Established Date:1639
Founder:Roger Ludlow
Government Footnotes:[1]
Leader Party:Democratic
Leader Title:First selectman
Leader Name:Bill Gerber
Leader Title1:Selectwoman
Leader Name1:Christine Vitale (D)
Leader Title2:Selectwoman
Leader Name2:Brenda Kupchick (R)
Unit Pref:US
Government Type:RTM
Area Footnotes:[2]
Area Total Sq Mi:31.38
Area Land Sq Mi:29.9
Area Water Sq Mi:1.48
Elevation M:18
Elevation Ft:59
Population Total:61512
Population As Of:2020
Population Density Sq Mi:2057.3
Timezone:Eastern
Utc Offset:−5
Timezone Dst:Eastern
Utc Offset Dst:−4
Postal Code Type:ZIP Codes
Postal Code:06824, 06825, 06828
Area Code:203/475
Blank Name:FIPS code
Blank Info:09-26620
Blank1 Name:GNIS feature ID
Blank1 Info:0213429
Blank3 Name:Major highways

Fairfield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It borders the city of Bridgeport and towns of Trumbull, Easton, Weston, and Westport along the Gold Coast of Connecticut. As of 2020, the town had a population of 61,512.[3] The town is part of the Greater Bridgeport Planning Region.

History

Colonial era

In 1635, Puritans and Congregationalists in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, were dissatisfied with the rate of Anglican reform, and sought to establish an ecclesiastical society subject to their own rules and regulations. The Massachusetts General Court granted them permission to settle in the towns of Windsor, Wethersfield, and Hartford which is an area now known as Connecticut.

On January 14, 1639, a set of legal and administrative regulations called the Fundamental Orders was adopted and established Connecticut as a self-ruling entity. By 1639, these settlers had started new towns in the surrounding areas. Roger Ludlowe, framer of the Fundamental Orders, purchased the land called Unquowa (presently called Fairfield), and established the name. The name "Fairfield" is commendatory.[4]

According to historian John M. Taylor:

Towns created from Fairfield

Fairfield was one of the two principal settlements of the Connecticut Colony in southwestern Connecticut (the other was Stratford). The town line with Stratford was set in May 1661 by John Banks, an early Fairfield settler, Richard Olmstead, and Lt. Joseph Judson, who were both appointed as a committee by the Colony of Connecticut.[5] The town line with Norwalk was not set until May 1685.[6]

Over time, it gave rise to several new towns that broke off and incorporated separately. The following is a list of towns created from parts of Fairfield.

Revolutionary War

See also: Burning of Fairfield (1779).

When the American Revolutionary War began in the 1770s, Fairfielders were caught in the crisis as much as, if not more than, the rest of their neighbors in Connecticut. In a predominantly Tory section of the colony, the people of Fairfield were early supporters of the cause for independence. Throughout the war, a constant battle was being fought across the Long Island Sound as Loyalists from British-controlled Long Island raided the coast in whaleboats and privateers. Gold Selleck Silliman, whose home still stands on Jennings Road, was put in charge of the coastal defenses.

In the spring of 1779, Silliman was kidnapped from his home by Loyalist raiders in preparation for a British raid on Fairfield County. His wife, Mary Silliman watched from their home as, on the morning of July 7, 1779, approximately 2,000 British troops landed on Fairfield Beach near Pine Creek Point and invaded the town; the force proceeded to burn Fairfield due to the town's support for Patriot cause. A decade later, President George Washington noted that after traveling through Fairfield that "the destructive evidence of British cruelty are yet visible both in Norwalk and Fairfield; as there are the chimneys of many burnt houses standing in them yet".[7]

Twentieth century

The First World War brought Fairfield out of its agrarian past by triggering an unprecedented economic boom in Bridgeport, which was the center of a large munitions industry at the time. The prosperity accompanied a temporary housing shortage in the city, and many of the workers looked to Fairfield to build their homes. The trolley and later the automobile made the countryside accessible to these newly rich members of the middle class, who brought with them new habits, new attitudes, and new modes of dress. The prosperity lasted throughout the twenties.

By the time of the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the population had increased to 17,000 from the 6,000 it had been just before the war. Even during the Depression, the town kept expanding.

The grounding of a barge with two crewmen on Penfield Reef in Fairfield during a gale led to the 1st civilian helicopter hoist rescue in history, on November 29, 1945. The helicopter flew from the nearby Sikorsky Aircraft plant in Bridgeport, Connecticut.

The opening of the Connecticut Turnpike in the 1950s brought another wave of development to Fairfield, and by the 1960s the town's residential, suburban character was firmly established.

Fairfield became the home of the corporate headquarters of General Electric (GE), one of the world's largest companies, ca. 1970. On May 8, 2017, GE relocated to Boston, Massachusetts.

Geography

The town is on the shore of the Long Island Sound. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of, of which is land and 3.4km2, or 4.15%, is water.

Waterways

Rivers flowing through Fairfield include Mill River, Rooster River, Ash Creek, Sasco Brook, and Aspetuck River.

Neighborhoods

Fairfield consists of many neighborhoods. The best known are wealthy Southport, where General Electric Chief Executive Officer Jack Welch lived for many years, and Greenfield Hill, with its large green areas, famous dogwood trees, and picturesque green with its white-spired Congregational church. Other neighborhoods include Stratfield, Tunxis Hill, the University area, Grasmere, Mill Plain, Knapp's Village, Melville Village, Holland Hill, Murray, and the Fairfield Beach area, which has recently undergone a renaissance with the construction of many new homes by residents wishing to live in proximity to the beach and downtown.[8] This has resulted in steadily rising property prices. Two shopping districts in town include the Post Road (U.S. 1) and Black Rock Turnpike.

Demographics

See also: List of Connecticut locations by per capita income. As of the census[9] of 2010, there were 59,404 people in the town, organized into 20,457 households and 14,846 families. The population density was 1927sp=usNaNsp=us. There were 21,648 housing units at an average density of 703sp=usNaNsp=us. The racial makeup of the town was 91.6% White, 3.7% Asian, 1.8% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. 5.0% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 20,457 households, out of which 38.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.6% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.4% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 11.1% from 18 to 24, 21.1% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.6 males.

The median household income (in 2013 dollars) was $117,705[10] (these figures had risen to $103,352 and $121,749 respectively as of a 2007 estimate[11]). Males had a median income of $69,525 versus $44,837 for females. The per capita income for the city was $55,733. 2.9% of the population and 1.8% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 2.8% of those under the age of 18 and 3.6% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

Government and politics

Fairfield town vote
by party in presidential elections[12] [13]
YearDemocraticRepublicanThird Parties
202064.55% 22,86134.03% 12,0521.42% 501
201657.18% 18,04138.39% 12,1124.44% 1,400
201251.05% 15,28347.95% 14,3571.00% 300
200856.44% 17,23642.80% 13,0710.75% 230
200449.86% 15,06848.66% 14,7061.48% 448
200049.62% 14,21045.54% 13,0424.84% 1,387
199645.44% 12,63944.28% 12,31410.28% 2,859
199237.67% 12,09943.49% 13,96818.84% 6,053
198838.48% 11,33660.38% 17,7861.14% 337
198430.80% 9,57368.84% 21,3960.35% 110
198030.29% 9,16957.50% 17,40612.22% 3,698
197639.64% 11,89559.70% 17,9160.66% 198
197233.73% 10,36864.63% 19,8661.65% 506
196840.23% 11,11053.65% 14,8136.12% 1,690
196457.22% 14,83742.78% 11,0950.00% 0
196044.30% 10,83655.70% 13,6260.00% 0
195626.48% 5,52273.52% 15,3350.00% 0
1952[14] 32.47% 6,24263.58% 12,2213.95% 759
Voter registration as of July 1, 2021[15]
PartyRegistered VotersPercentage
Republican10,02624.4%
Democratic13,99534.1%
Unaffiliated16,37439.9%
Minor parties6871.7%
Total41,082100%

Economy

In May 2012, Moody's Investors Service revised the Town of Fairfield's $192 million general obligation bond debt from negative to stable.[16] In June 2012, Moody's awarded Fairfield with an AAA bond rating, which it maintains to this date.

Taxes

In 2005, the mill rate of Fairfield was 16.67.[17] The 2012–2013 taxes in Fairfield rose 4% to a mill rate of 23.37.[18] The 2013–2014 mill rate which went into effect on July 1 for fiscal year 2013–2014 also increased by 2.38% to 23.93.[19]

Large and distinctive companies

Points of interest

Historic sites

Arts, entertainment, and sports

Parks and recreation

Fairfield residents enjoy a wealth of recreational opportunities, many of which stem from Fairfield's enviable location on the Long Island Sound.

Other points of interest

Government

The town government consists of the three-member Board of Selectmen, a Representative Town Meeting (RTM), a Board of Finance, a Board of Education, a Town Planning and Zoning Commission (TPZ), and many other politically appointed commissions, boards, and committees. The current First Selectman is Bill Gerber (D).[28]

Makeup of notable governmental bodies

As of November 27, 2023

Board of Selectmen

Democrat controlled 2–1[29]

MemberTerm
Bill Gerber (D)2023-2027
Christine Vitale (D)2023-2027
Brenda Kupchick (R)2023-2027

Representative Town Meeting

Democratic Supermajority 31–9

Fairfield RTM Members, 2023–2025!District #!Democratic!Republican
104
222
331
440
540
640
740
822
940
1040
Totals:319

Board of Finance

Democrat Controlled 5–4

Fairfield BoF Members, as of 2021[30] !Member!Term
Craig Curley (D)2021–2027
Lori Charlton (D)2019–2025
Christopher DeWitt (R)2017–2023
Kevin Starke (D)2021–2023*
Mary LeClerc (R)2019–2025
Sheila Marmion (D)2021–2027
John Mitola (D)2017–2023
Jack Testani (R)2019–2025
James Walsh (R)2021–2027
*Special Election held in 2021 to replace the seat left vacant by Ed Bateson on 5/17/21

Board of education

Democrat Controlled 5–4

Fairfield BoE Members, as of 2021[31] !Member!Term
Jeffery Peterson (R)2021–2025
Jennifer Jacobsen (D)2021–2025
Carol Guernsey (D)2021–2025
Nicholas Aysseh (R)2021–2025
Christine Vitale (D)2019–2023
Bonnie Rotelli (R)2019–2023
Crissy Kelly (R)2019–2023
Jessica Gerber (D)2019–2023
Jennifer Maxon-Kennelly (D)2019–2023
The town has no criminal or civil court system, and all trials are handled by the Bridgeport Superior Court system. However, the town does also offer access to a Juvenile Review Board (JRB) for certain juvenile cases outlined by the Fairfield Police Department.

Fairfield is represented in the Connecticut General Assembly by one Republican, Sen. Tony Hwang, and three Democrats, Rep. Cristin McCarthy Vahey, Rep. Jennifer Leeper, and Rep. Sarah Keitt.[29]

Emergency services

Police Department

The Fairfield Police Department was created in 1926, approximately 287 years after the town was founded.[32]

Fire Department

The town of Fairfield is protected by the 95 career firefighters of the Fairfield Fire Department (FFD), and volunteer firefighters of the Southport Volunteer Fire Department and Stratfield Volunteer Fire Department. The career Fairfield Fire Department operates five fire stations, located throughout the town, and uses a fire apparatus fleet of five engine companies, one ladder company, one rescue company, three fireboats, and 1 Shift Commander's Unit, as well as many special support, and reserve units.[33] The Southport Volunteer Fire Department has served the community since 1895.[34] The Stratfield Volunteer Fire Department has several stations and has served the community since 1920.[35]

Education

See main article: Education in Fairfield, Connecticut. Fairfield has two public high schools, Fairfield Warde and Fairfield Ludlowe; three public middle schools, Roger Ludlowe, Tomlinson, and Fairfield Woods Middle School; and eleven public elementary schools.[36]

Fairfield has several Catholic schools, including two high schools, Fairfield Prep and Notre Dame, and two primary schools, St. Thomas Aquinas and Our Lady of the Assumption. A third Catholic primary school, Holy Family, was closed by the Diocese of Bridgeport at the end of the 2009–2010 academic year.

Non-religious private schools include Fairfield Country Day School and the Unquowa School.

Fairfield is also home to two post-secondary institutions, Fairfield University and Sacred Heart University.

Media

Transportation

Fairfield is traversed by U.S. 1, Interstate 95, and the Merritt Parkway. It has three Metro-North Railroad stations, Fairfield–Black Rock, Fairfield and Southport. The town is served by several public bus lines of the Greater Bridgeport Transit Authority.

Places of worship

Notable people

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Officials, Boards & Commissions. Fairfield, Connecticut. QScend Technologies, Inc.. June 28, 2017.
  2. Web site: Connecticut: 2010 Population and Housing Unit Counts. United States Census 2010. U.S. Department of Commerce. June 28, 2017. 1. 10.
  3. Web site: Census - Geography Profile: Fairfield town, Fairfield County, Connecticut. December 15, 2021.
  4. Book: The Connecticut Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly. 1903. Connecticut Magazine Company. 332.
  5. Colonial Records of Connecticut Vol. 1 p. 367
  6. Colonial Records of Connecticut Vol. 3 p. 175
  7. Washington, George. (1860). The Diary of George Washington, from 1789 to 1791. A.D.F. Randolph & Co. p. 21. Google Book Search. Retrieved on March 11, 2008
  8. Prevost, Lisa (July 3, 2005). "Living in/The Fairfield, Conn., Beach Area; A Beach Community in an Awkward Transition", The New York Times.
  9. Web site: U.S. Census website . . January 31, 2008 .
  10. Web site: U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Fairfield town, Fairfield County, Connecticut; United States. Census Bureau QuickFacts.
  11. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-context=adp&-qr_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_DP3YR3&-ds_name=ACS_2007_3YR_G00_&-tree_id=3307&-redoLog=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=06000US0900126620&-format=&-_lang=en American FactFinder
  12. Web site: General Elections Statement of Vote 1922. CT.gov – Connecticut's Official State Website.
  13. Web site: Election Night Reporting. May 2, 2021. CT Secretary of State.
  14. https://authoring.ct.gov/-/media/SOTS/ElectionServices/StatementOfVote_PDFs/1952SOVpdf.pdf?la=en
  15. Web site: Registrars of Voters News - Town of Fairfield, Connecticut. November 4, 2021. fairfieldct.org.
  16. https://www.moodys.com/credit-ratings/Fairfield-Town-of-CT-credit-rating-600039762 Fairfield (Town of) CT Credit Rating – Moody's
  17. Web site: Hartford Courant. touch.Courant.com. August 25, 2017.
  18. Mazzola, Caitlin. (May 10, 2012) Fairfield FY13 Mill Rate Set at 23.37 Mills: 4% Tax Increase – Government – Fairfield, CT Patch. Fairfield.patch.com. Retrieved on August 16, 2013.
  19. http://www.fairfieldcitizenonline.com/news/article/Final-2013-14-tax-rate-set-with-2-4-increase-4501702.php Final 2013–14 tax rate set with 2.4% increase – Fairfield Citizen
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  29. Web site: Registrars of Voters - Town of Fairfield, Connecticut. November 4, 2021. fairfieldct.org.
  30. Web site: Members - Town of Fairfield, Connecticut. November 4, 2021. www.fairfieldct.org.
  31. Web site: Members - Town of Fairfield, Connecticut. November 4, 2021. www.fairfieldct.org.
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  33. http://fdfairfield.com/departme.htm Operations
  34. http://southportfire.org/abbreviated_history.php Southport Volunteer Fire Department
  35. http://www.rescue15.com/index2.html Stratfield Volunteer Fire Department
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