Tipula paludosa explained

Tipula paludosa is a species of true craneflies, family Tipulidae. It is also known as the European crane fly or the marsh crane fly.^[1] It is a pest in grasslands of Northwest Europe and has been accidentally introduced to North America.

Distribution

Tipula paludosa is widespread throughout the West Palaearctic and Nearctic.^{[1] [2]} For identification see the Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR^[3] and the Diptères: Tipulidae.^[4] Tipula paludosa is a very common species flying in May and July to October peaking in August and September.

Biological interactions

Tipula paludosa larvae live in the upper soil layers and are the major insect pest in grasslands of Northwest Europe.

Oscheius tipulae is a species of nematodes, described in association of the leatherjacket, the larva of T. paludosa.^{[5] [6]}

Notes and References

1. Web site: Tipula (Tipula) paludosa Meigen, 1830 (search result) . Pjotr Oosterbroek . Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World . Naturalis . 27 May 2019.
2. [Fauna Europaea]
3. Bei-Bienko, G.Y., ed. (1988) Keys to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR, Volume V: Diptera and Siphonaptera, Parts I, II . Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi.
4. Pierre, C., (1924) Diptères: Tipulidae. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 8 159 p. Bibliotheque Virtuelle Numerique pdf
5. Webster . John M. . Lam . Andrew B.Q. . amp . Morphology and biology of Panagrolaimus tipulae n. sp. (Panagrolaimidae) and Rhabditis (Rhabditella) tipulae n. sp. (Rhabditidae), from leatherjacket larvae, Tipula paludosa (Diptera: Tipulidae) . Nematologica . 1971 . 17 . 2 . 201–212 . 10.1163/187529271X00044.
6. Sudhaus . Walter . Redescription of Rhabditis (Oscheius) tipulae (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) associated with leatherjackets, larvae of Tipula paludosa (Diptera: Tipulidae) . Nematologica . 1993 . 39 . 1–4 . 234–239 . 10.1163/187529293X00187.