Tin(IV) sulfide explained

Tin(IV) sulfide is a compound with the formula . The compound crystallizes in the cadmium iodide motif, with the Sn(IV) situated in "octahedral holes' defined by six sulfide centers.^[1] It occurs naturally as the rare mineral berndtite.^[2] It is useful as semiconductor material with band gap 2.2 eV.^[3]

Reactions

The compound precipitates as a brown solid upon the addition of to solutions of tin(IV) species. This reaction is reversed at low pH. Crystalline has a bronze color and is used in decorative coating^[4] where it is known as mosaic gold.

The material also reacts with sulfide salts to give a series of thiostannates with the formula . A simplified equation for this depolymerization reaction is

+ → .

Applications

Tin (IV) sulfide has various uses in electrochemistry. It can be used in anodes of lithium-ion batteries, where an intercalation process occurs to form Li₂S.^[5] It can also be used in a similar way in electrodes of supercapacitors, which can be used as alternative source of energy storage.^[6]

SnS₂ has also been identified as a potential component of thermoelectric devices, which convert thermal energy to electrical energy. In one example, this property was made possible by forming a composite of SnS₂ with multiwalled carbon nanotubes.^[7]

SnS₂ can also be used in wastewater treatment. Forming a membrane with SnS₂ and carbon nanofibers can potentially allow for the reduction of certain impurities in water, an example of which is hexavalent chromium.^[8]

In general, SnS₂ is useful as a semiconductor and can be purchased in powder form for experimental purposes.^[9]

See also

Mosaic Gold

External links

• Tin (IV) Sulfide Powder, Stanford Advanced Materials
• Tin Sulfide (SnS2), PubChem

Notes and References

1. Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. .
2. Vaughan, D. J.; Craig, J. R. "Mineral Chemistry of Metal Sulfides" Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1978. .
3. L.A.Burton et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 1312-1318DOI: 10.1039/C5TA08214E.
4. Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. .
5. Cupid . D. M. . Rezqita . A. . Glibo . A. . Artner . M. . Bauer . V. . Hamid . R. . Jahn . M. . Flandorfer . H. . 2021 . Understanding and Modelling the Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry of Lithiation of Tin (IV) Sulfide as an Anode Active Material for Lithium Ion Batteries . Electrochim. Acta . 375. 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137936 . free .
6. Setayeshmehr . M. . Haghighi . M. . Mirabbaszadeh . K. . 2021 . A Review of Tin Disulfide (SnS2) Composite Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors . Energy Storage . 4.
7. Park . D. . Kim . M. . Kim . J. . 2022 . Strongly Coupled Tin(IV) Sulfide—MultiWalled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Composites and Their Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties . Inorg. Chem. . 61 . 8 . 3723–3729. 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03953 . 35179362 . 246944069 .
8. Zhong . Y. . Qiu . X. . Chen . D. . Li . N. . Xu . Q. . Li . H. . He . J. . Lu . J. . 2016 . Flexible Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber/Tin(IV) Sulfide Core/Sheath Membranes for Photocatalytically Treating Chromium(VI)-Containing Wastewater . ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces . 8 . 42 . 28671–28677. 10.1021/acsami.6b10241 . 27723961 .
9. Web site: Tin (IV) Sulfide (SnS2) Powder/Chunk/Lumps (CAS No.1315-01-1) Stanford Advanced Materials . 2023-11-21 . www.samaterials.com . en.