North Central Timor Regency Explained

Official Name:North Central Timor Regency
Settlement Type:Regency
Pushpin Map:Timor#Indonesia_Lesser Sunda_Islands#Indonesia
Pushpin Label Position:top
Pushpin Map Caption:Location in Timor, Lesser Sunda Islands and Indonesia
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name: Indonesia
Subdivision Type2:Province
Seat Type:Regency seat
Seat:Kefamenanu
Leader Title:Regent
Leader Name:Drs. Juandi David
Leader Title1:Vice Regent
Leader Name1:Drs. Eusabius Binsasi
Unit Pref:Imperial
Area Total Km2:2669.7
Population As Of:mid 2023 estimate
Population Note:[1]
Population Total:271277
Population Density Km2:auto
Coordinates:-9.4467°N 124.4781°W
Area Code Type:Area code
Area Code:(+62) 388
Blank Name:HDI (2019)
Blank Info: 0.633

North Central Timor Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara) is a regency in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 2,669.70 km2, and had a population of 229,803 at the 2010 Census[2] and 259,829 at the 2020 Census;[3] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 271,277 (comprising 136,088 males and 135,189 females).[4] Its regency seat is located at the town of Kefamenanu, which had a population of 49,589 in mid 2023. The regency borders Timor Leste's Oecusse enclave, one of few Indonesian regions that have a land border with other countries.[5]

History

North Central Timor Regency was de jure formed on 9 August 1958 from three autonomous royal regions (swapraja) but de facto function only began early November 1958 after its first regent was sworn in. Since 1915, the region had been part of Onderafdeeling Noord Miden Timor during Dutch rule; it was composed of the native kingdoms of Miomaffo, Insana, and Biboki. In 1921, the administrative seat was moved from the town of Noeltoko to its current location in Kefemenanu;[6] the move is annually commemorated by the local government since 2005.[7]

In 1942, the Japanese forces occupied the Dutch East Indies. Local government structure changed little under the Japanese, who mostly preserved it to simplify civil administration. In 1946, after the end of the Second World War, during the Malino Conference, the region's local rulers wanted to be included in Lesser Sunda province, together with Bali and West Nusa Tenggara, under the newly formed Indonesian Republic.[8] Local administration was reorganized in 1949 after independence, and formed its own parliament under Timor Regional Law Number 10 of 1949. In a parliament session between 10 and 12 May 1950, it voted in favour of disbanding the State of East Indonesia under the United States of Indonesia and forming a unitary Indonesian state, which was realized not long after. Shortly before the creation of the regency, Lesser Sunda province was split into West Nusa Tenggara, Bali, and East Nusa Tenggara provinces.

During the Indonesian occupation of East Timor and the subsequent independence referendum and violence that followed, many civilians from East Timor fled to the regency, causing a huge increase in the population. Many were integrated into the regency's society to the point they constituted 8.1% of the regency's population.[9] The regency was devastated by Cyclone Seroja in early 2021, prompting the relocation of several settlements and buildings by Indonesian government.[10] [11]

Geography

North Central Timor Regency borders South Central Timor Regency in the south, the country East Timor in the north, Kupang Regency in the west, and Belu Regency in the east. It has a total area of 2669.7km2 or 5.6% of the province's area. Most of the regency has slopes below 40 degrees, consisting of 77.4%. Most of the regency is less than 500meters above sea level. Around 74%, 97948ha of the regency's area is used for plantation and agriculture, and only 20685ha are used for human settlement.[12]

Most of the regency's soil is litosol and grumusol, and is relatively fertile. The region's climate is classified as semi-arid, which makes large-scale farming challenging due to low precipitation compared to other regions in Indonesia. To solve this, the government of Indonesia has built several new dams in the region to avoid drought and secure access to water for its population.[13] [14]

The temperature ranges from 22-, with air humidity level between 69 and 87% annually. Between June and September, wind comes from Australia, bringing little water vapor to the region, and the dry season begins. The region is prone to drought and harvest failure.

Governance

Administrative Districts

The regency is divided into twenty-four districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census[15] and the 2020 Census,[16] together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.[17] The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of administrative villages in each district (in total, 160 rural desa and 33 urban kelurahan), and its post code.

Kode
Wilayah
Name of
District
(kecamatan)
Area
in
km2
Pop'n
Census
2010
Pop'n
Census
2020
Pop'n
Estimate
mid 2023
Admin
centre
No.
of
villages
Post
codes
53.03.02 Miomaffo Barat
(West Miomaffo)
199.6314,42415,33715,724Eban13 (a) 85661
53.03.11 Miomaffo Tengah
(Central Miomaffo)
75.005,2516,0816,392Bijaepasu685660
53.03.12 Musi82.174,0704,7404,991Oeolo685662
53.03.13 Mutis90.506,5767,1507,378Naekake485663
53.03.01 Miomaffo Timur
(East Miomaffo)
191,4510,56012,41713,111Nunpene11 (a) 85654
53.03.04 Noemuti155.6010,92612,74313,423Fatumuti12 (b) 85664
53.03.14 Bikomi Selatan
(South Bikomi)
48.689,78611,18811,717Tublopo10 (a) 85650
53.03.15 Bikomi Tengah
(Central Bikomi)
61.506,7497,6137,941Oenenu Utara985652
53.03.16 Bikomi Nilulat82.004,2984,8004,992Sunkaen685651
53.03.17 Bikomi Utara
(North Bikomi)
70.705,5646,2526,514Napan985653
53.03.18 Naibenu88.004,9585,5765,811Bakitolas485655
53.03.10 Noemuti Timur
(East Noemuti)
55.773,7084,2704,481Haekto485665
53.03.05 Kota Kefamenanu
(Kefamenanu town)
74.0043,05849,09549,589Sasi9 (c) 85611
- 85617
53.03.08 Insana333.0818,07820,99622,089Oelolok17 (d) 85671
53.03.09 Insana Utara
(North Insana)
53.848,69710,16610,715Wini5 (e) 85674
53.03.20 Insana Barat
(West Insana)
102.008,87910,66011,324Mamsena12 (e) 85670
53.03.21 Insana Tengah
(Central Insana)
124.009,17110,49110,988Maubesi7 (e) 85673
53.03.19 Insana Fafinesu52.884,9685,8986,245Loel685672
53.03.03 Biboki Selatan
(South Biboki)
164.178,6679,3939,684Manufui8 (a) 85680
53.03.22 Biboki Tanpah99.155,3345,6205,746Oenopu485684
53.03.23 Biboki Moenleu85.787,0348,0218,393Kaubele785681
53.03.06 Biboki Utara
(North Biboki)
138.7010,25511,26911,665Lurasik10 (a) 85683
53.03.07 Biboki Anleu206.4014,84617,12817,985Ponu9 (e) 85613
53.03.24 Biboki Feotleu124.703,9464,2544,379Manumean585682
Totals2,669.70229,803259,829271,277Kefamenanu193

Notes: (a) including 2 kelurahan. (b) comprising 5 kelurahan (Fatumuti, Kiuola, Oenak, Nifuboke and Noemuti) and 7 desa.
(c) all 9 are kelurahan (Aplasi, Bansone, Benpasi, Kefamenanu Selatan, Kefamenanu Tengah, Kefamenanu Utara, Maubeli, Sasi and Tubuhue).
(d) comprising 5 kelurahan (Ainiut, Bitauni, Fatoin, Manunain A and Nunmafo) and 12 desa. (e) including one kelurahan.

Local government

North Central Timor Regency is a second-level administrative division equivalent to a city. The regency is headed by a regent, who is democratically elected. The regent directly appoints heads of districts with the recommendation of the regency secretary. Executive power lies with the regent and vice-regent, and legislative function is exercised by the regency's parliament.[18] [19] [20]

Politics

North Central Timor Regency, together with Belu Regency and Malaka Regency, which have 8 out of 65 representatives, is part of 7th electoral district in the provincial parliament. The regency's parliament consists of 30 representatives from four electoral districts. The most recent election was held in 2019 and the next is due to be held in 2024.[21]

Electoral districtKecamatanRepresentatives
1st North Central TimorBikomi Nilulat, South Bikomi, Naibenu, East Miomaffo, North Bikomi, Central Bikomi, and Kefamenanu Kota District11
2nd North Central TimorInsana, West Insana, Insana Fafinesu, Central Insana, and North Insana District7
3rd North Central TimorBiboki Anleu, Biboki Feotleu, Biboki Moenleu, South Biboki, Biboki Tan Pah, and North Biboki District6
4th North Central TimorCentral Miomaffo, West Miomaffo, Musi, Mutis, Noemuti, and East Noemut District6
Total30

Economy

The Regency's gross regional product (GRP) is dominated by agriculture, which makes up 39.82% of its economy. The second-biggest sector is administration with 16.77%, followed by construction with 9.55% and education with 7.41%. In 2020, the fastest-growing sector was electricity and gas, with a growth of 18.10%, followed by information and communication with 14.97%; the fastest-declining sector is mining with a decrease of 28.98% in the same year.[22] Economic growth was 5.1% in 2019 but later fell to -0.55% because of COVID-19 pandemic. The regency has 32 registered market centers and 80 registered stores. From the scale, there are 123 trading facilities that area considered to facilitate large-scale trading by Indonesian Statistics. There were 62 active cooperatives .

Almost all of the regency's restaurants and hotels are located in Kefamenanu. As of 2020, there are 137 registered restaurants, of which 114 or 83% are located in Kefamenanu, and 11 hotels. In 2020, agriculture output included red onions (36 tons), garlic (30.3 tons), red chilli (18.7 tons), cabbages (41.2 tons), mustard greens (235.5 tons), and asparagus (16.9 tons). Other crops were coconuts (555 tons), cashews (913 tons), and candlenuts (1,655 tons) in the same year. The regency's livestock in 2020 includes 129,325 cows for meat consumption and 82,126 pigs. The fish catch was 748.3 tons and aquaculture yielded 162.4 tons of fish.

Demographics

In the 2020 census, the population of the regency was 259,829, with a sex ratio of 100.53, which means there are roughly 101 males per 100 females within the population. As with most of Indonesia, the regency's population is young and dominated by a workforce above 15 years, consisting of 141,985 of the population. The most populous district is Kefamenanu, which had 49,095 people in mid 2022, around 18.3% of the regency's population; the town is also the economic center for the regency. West Miomaffo District has the lowest male–female sex ratio with 0.95:1, and the highest is Biboki Feotleu with 1.43:1.

In 2020, Catholic Christians comprised 90.13% of the population; 7.47% were Protestant Christians, and the remainder were Muslims, Hindus, and Buddhists. The literacy rate was 95.21% in 2020; male literacy was 96.11% and female literacy was 94.35%. The school participation rate was 98.87%.[23] The same year, the regency's poverty rate of 22.28% was high relative to other regions in Indonesia.

Infrastructure

Education

Education infrastructure in the regency includes 182 elementary schools, 85 junior highschools, 32 senior highschools, and 19 vocational highschools. There are two higher education institutions; University of Timor is a state-owned public university and one of only two public universities in the province, the other being University of Nusa Cendana in city of Kupang.[24] [25] University of Timor's main campus is located in Kefamenanu. Due to its close proximity and the lack of universities in neighbouring East Timor, many East Timorese students studied in the university; there were 6,000 in 2017.[26] The regency has 21 registered kindergartens as of 2020.

Healthcare

Within the healthcare sector, the regency has three hospitals, 10 polyclinics, 57 puskesmas, and six pharmacies as of 2020. The regency's main public hospital, Kefamenanu Regional Hospital, is owned by the regency government and classified C-class by the Ministry of Health. Leona General Hospital is a private hospital. Kiupukan Hospital, which is owned by Parish of Kiupukan, is significantly smaller than the other two.

Transport

North Central Timor Regency has 1048.4km (651.4miles) of roads, out of which 356.71km (221.65miles) have been paved with asphalt. Other than that, 276.46km (171.78miles) of road have gravel surface, and the rest are either concrete or soil. The regency government owns 848.85km (527.45miles) of roads, the rest are owned by either provincial or national government. There is no airport in the regency; the closest airport is located in Atambua, Belu Regency. A plan to build a new airport in the town Wini and build a special economic zone in the region has been mooted.[27] An integrated border post facility (PLBN) is located in Wini, which has immigration facility, quarantine facility, helipad, storage, and a market. Indonesian integrated border posts are intended to be new economic centres and to serve as inter-border trading centres.[28] [29] [30] A port facility, which is expected to be expanded as part of new special economic zone plan, is also located in Wini.[31] On 2019, it served on average eight freight ships per month.[32]

Religion

As of 2020, there are 60 mosques and 185 churches in the regency, according to Ministry of Religious Affairs.

Notes and References

  1. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5303)
  2. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  3. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  4. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara Dalam Angka 2023 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5303)
  5. Web site: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. 2021-06-22. timortengahutarakab.bps.go.id.
  6. Web site: Sejarah Kabupaten TTU.
  7. Web site: Amalo . Palce . 2019-09-22 . Timor Tengah Utara Gelar Napak Tilas Sejarah Kabupaten . 2021-06-22 . mediaindonesia.com . id.
  8. Web site: Pengadilan Negeri Kefamenanu. 2021-06-22. pn-kefamenanu.go.id.
  9. Maing . Skolastika Genapang . Jatmika . Sidik . 2021-01-09 . Dinamika Integrasi Lokal Warga Eks Timor Timur di Wilayah Pemukiman Pengungsi Kabupaten Kupang Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur . Indonesian Perspective . id . Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta . 6 . 1 . 10.14710/ip.v6i1.37512 . 2548-1436. free .
  10. Web site: Anam. Khoirul. Risma Cek Dampak Siklon di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Ini Arahannya. 2021-06-22. detiknews. id-ID.
  11. Web site: 19 May 2021 . Ndoen . Ferry . Wabup TTU Rapat Virtual Pembahasan Penanganan Korban Bencana Siklon Tropis Seroja Bersama Kemensos . 2021-06-22 . Pos Kupang . id-ID.
  12. Web site: Profil Kabupaten TTU.
  13. Web site: 2019-05-28 . Bendungan Temef, Sumber Air Bagi Tiga Kabupaten di Timor . 2021-06-22 . NTT PEMBARUAN . id-ID.
  14. Web site: Rusiana . Dita Angga . 2021-02-23 . Resmikan Bendungan, Jokowi: Kunci Kemakmuran NTT Adalah Air . 2021-06-22 . SINDOnews.com . id-ID.
  15. Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
  16. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  17. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.5303)
  18. Web site: PP No. 17 Tahun 2018 tentang Kecamatan [JDIH BPK RI]]. 2021-04-16. peraturan.bpk.go.id.
  19. Web site: UU 22 1999.
  20. Web site: Indonesia Regencies. 2021-05-27. www.statoids.com.
  21. Web site: Keputusan KPU Nomor 282/PL.01.3-Kpt/06/KPU/IV/2018 tentang Penetapan Daerah Pemilihan dan Alokasi Kursi Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Provinsi dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten/Kota di Wilayah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur dalam Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2019. KPU RI. 16 January 2021. 4 April 2018.
  22. Web site: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. 2021-06-22. timortengahutarakab.bps.go.id.
  23. Web site: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. 2021-06-22. timortengahutarakab.bps.go.id.
  24. Web site: Universitas Timor. 2021-06-22. SIPP. en.
  25. Web site: Universitas Timor. 2021-06-22. campus.quipper.com.
  26. Web site: Adrianus . Yohanes . 2017-01-20 . Ratomo . Unggul Tri . 6.000 mahasiswa Timor Leste belajar di Universitas Timor . 2021-06-22 . Antara News.
  27. Web site: 2017-08-07. Pemkab Timor Tengah Utara Ingin Wilayah Wini Jadi Kawasan Eknonomi Bali Bisnis.com. 2021-06-22. Bisnis.com.
  28. Web site: Pembangunan Pos Lintas Batas Negara (PLBN) & Sarana Penunjang Wini, Kab. Timor Tengah Utara. 2021-06-22. KPPIP. id-ID.
  29. Web site: CANTIKNYA PLBN WINI DI PULAU TIMOR DENGAN LATAR PEGUNUNGAN. 2021-06-22. MyTrip. id.
  30. Web site: Haryanti . Rosiana . 2020-07-13 . Alexander . Hilda . Pemerintah Garap 4 PLBN Jadi Pusat Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Baru Halaman all . 2021-06-22 . KOMPAS.com . id.
  31. Web site: Salmon . Tarsi . 2020-08-12 . Abba . Ardy . Pelabuhan Wini TTU Diusulkan Jadi Tempat Pengembangan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203506/https://voxntt.com/2020/08/12/pelabuhan-wini-ttu-diusulkan-jadi-tempat-pengembangan-kawasan-ekonomi-khusus/66724/ . 24 June 2021 . 2021-06-22 . VoxNtt.com . id-ID.
  32. Web site: 8 Kapal Barang Masuk ke Pelabuhan Wini NTT Setiap Bulan. 2021-06-22. beritatrans.com. en.