Timeline of train radio in Norway explained

The Norwegian railway network has used two types of train radio, Scanet and GSM-R. A train radio is a mobile telecommunications network that allows a train driver, maintenance crews and other rail transport officials to communicate with a dispatcher or each other. Scanet was an analog radio system installed on the main lines, limited to electrified lines with automatic train protection, between 1995 and 1999.^[1] The implementation left out many lines, which were instead covered by Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT 450) network.^[2]

The lack of a train radio on the Røros Line was a contributing factor to the Åsta accident. This spurred the demand for full coverage.^[3] At the same time, the European Union required new systems to use the GSM-R standard, which will be implemented throughout Europe. GSM-R was rolled out between 2004 and 2007 and covers almost the entire network. It was also built to have 100% coverage in all tunnels, which was not achieved with Scanet. GSM-R was first rolled out on lines without Scanet, and then replaced the older system right-out.^[4] Both Scanet and GSM-R consist of mobile station in the trains, base stations along the track, and a core network connected to the central traffic control centers.^[1] The implementation of GSM-R cost 1.8 billion Norwegian krone.^[5]

List

The following is a list of all railway lines with train radio. It includes the date of opening of the train radio, including the affected section, and the standard used. Freight-only lines are excluded from the list, even if they may have had Scanet or have GSM-R.^{[6] [7]}

Date	Line	Section	System
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			Scanet
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R
			GSM-R

Notes and References

1. Train radio system for Norwegian State Railways . Solberg . Bjørn Olav . 4 . 1994 . Telektronikk . . 73–81 . 24 October 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110718023531/http://www.telenor.com/telektronikk/volumes/pdf/4.1995/Page_073-081.pdf . dead . 18 July 2011.
2. Web site: Kommentarer til høring– Fremtidig bruk at NMT-450 frekvensbåndene . Melsom . Jens . 10 January 2002 . . Norwegian . 24 October 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110724182411/http://www.npt.no/pt_internet/venstremeny/hoeringer/frekvenser/NMT-450_sak200105378/hoeringssvar/Jernbaneverket.pdf . dead . 24 July 2011.
3. News: NSBs nye togradio holder bare fem år . Enghaug . Paul . . 11 February 2002 . 11 . Norwegian.
4. Web site: Høring – Endring av togframføringsforskriften og signalforskriften bl.a. som følge av innføring av GSM-R som togradio mv. . 6 July 2007 . . Norwegian . 24 October 2010 . https://www.webcitation.org/5tj3LkR2V?url=http://www.sjt.no/Lover-og-forskrifter/Horinger/endring-togframforingsforskriften-og-signalforskriften/Horing-endring-av-togfremforingsforskriften-og-signalforskriften/horingsbrev/ . dead . 24 October 2010.
5. News: GSM-R tatt i bruk som togradio . 1 November 2007 . . 24 October 2010 .
6. Web site: Railway Statistics 2004 . 2005 . . 17 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120825195847/http://www.jernbaneverket.no/PageFiles/1210/Jernbanestatistikk_1569067a.pdf . 25 August 2012 . dead . 40.
7. Web site: Railway Statistics 2008 . Norwegian National Rail Administration . Norwegian National Rail Administration . 2009 . 8 November 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101122071524/http://www.jernbaneverket.no/PageFiles/7894/Jernbanestatistikk%202008_22%20juni_web.pdf . 22 November 2010 . dead . 42.