Timeline of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) explained

See also: History of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021). The following items form a partial timeline of the War in Afghanistan. For events prior to October 7, 2001, see 2001 in Afghanistan.

2001

See main article: 2001 in Afghanistan.

October 7: (9 p.m. local time): the United States, supported by Britain, begins its attack on Afghanistan, launching bombs and cruise missiles against Taliban military and communications facilities and suspected terrorist training camps. Kabul, Kandahar, and Herat were hit.
October 9: A cruise missile kills four U.N. demining employees and injures four others in a building several miles east of Kabul.
October 19: Airborne invasion into Afghanistan by Rangers of the Third Ranger Battalion, Seventy Fifth Ranger Regiment and others seizing a Qandahar airfield named Objective Rhino.
October 26: Afghan mujahedeen commander Abdul Haq killed by the Taliban.^[1] ^[2]
November 6: Zari, Keshendeh and Aq-Kupruk fall to the Northern Alliance^[3]
November 8: Pakistan, being the only nation that still had diplomatic ties to the Taliban, asked Afghanistan's rulers to close their consulate in the city of Karachi.
November 9: Battle of Mazari Sharif.
November 10: The Taliban and Northern Alliance fighters both claimed that the strategic northern Afghan city of Mazari Sharif was taken by Northern Alliance fighters.
November 11: Journalists Pierre Billaud, Johanne Sutton, and Volker Handloik are ambushed and killed.
November 12: Taliban forces abandon Kabul ahead of advancing Northern Alliance troops.
- 2001 uprising in Herat.
November 14: Northern Alliance fighters took over Kabul, the Afghan capital, and then controlled virtually all the north of Afghanistan.
November 16: Mohammed Atef, the military chief of al-Qaeda, killed in a US airstrike.
November 19: Four foreign journalists - Harry Burton, Maria Grazia Cutuli, Azizullah Haidari, and Julio Fuentes – were ambushed and killed.
November 25: Northern Alliance gained control of Kunduz, the last Taliban stronghold in Northern Afghanistan, but only after Pakistani aircraft rescue several thousand Taliban and Al-Qaeda fighters and their military advisers.^[4] ^[5] The Taliban then controlled less than 25% of the country, mainly around Kandahar in the south.
- U.S. Marines landed in force by helicopter at Camp Rhino south of Kandahar and began preparing it for fixed wing aircraft. They also occupied the main road between Kandahar and Pakistan.
- Battle of Qala-i-Jangi. Forces loyal to bin Laden smuggled weapons into their prison near Mazar i Sharif after surrendering at Kunduz. They attacked the Northern Alliance guards and storm an armory. U.S. Special Forces call in air attacks. Hundreds of prisoners are killed as well as 40 Alliance fighters and one U.S. CIA operative, Johnny Michael Spann. Spann becomes the first U.S. and Coalition combat casualty. A young American named John Walker Lindh is found in the midst of the rebellion and extradited to the US on terrorism charges.
December 6: Kandahar falls.
December: The Battle of Tora Bora against Taliban and al-Qaeda fighters; Osama bin Laden reportedly escapes during this battle.
December: The Dasht-i-Leili massacre, where hundreds of Taliban were allegedly suffocated to death while being transported in metal containers.
December: The Bonn Agreement establishes the postwar system of government for Afghanistan, and establishes the International Security Assistance Force.
December 22: The interim Afghan government is sworn in.

2002

See main article: 2002 in Afghanistan.

January 4: First US soldier dies due to hostile fire, Sergeant First Class (SFC) Nathan Chapman.
January 24, the Hazar Qadam raid sees Americans accidentally attack an allied compound collecting weapons for their Karzai government
February 14: Abdul Rahman, Afghan Aviation and Tourism Minister, killed by angry Hajj pilgrims.
March 1: Operation Anaconda against al-Qaeda fighters launched.
April 17: The 87-year-old exiled king of Afghanistan, Mohammed Zahir Shah, returns.
April 18: Tarnak Farm incident leaves four Canadians dead from friendly fire.
June 11: King Zahir Shah opens the first post-Taliban loya jirga.^[6]
July 1: In Uruzgan province, a US AC-130 gunship struck a wedding party, killing 48 civilians and injuring 117. The United States claimed their plane had come under attack from anti-aircraft fire before the strike.
July 6: Vice President Abdul Qadir assassinated in Kabul.
September 5: 2002 Kabul bombing kills 30 people.

2003

See main article: 2003 in Afghanistan.

August 11 – NATO officially takes command of peacekeeping in Afghanistan.
December 14 – 2003 loya jirga convened to consider the proposed Afghan Constitution.

2004

See main article: 2004 in Afghanistan.

January 4 – Constitution approved by Loya Jirga.
January 26 – Constitution signed by President Hamid Karzai.
October 9 – 2004 Afghan presidential election. In the country's first direct election, Hamid Karzai wins the presidency with 55.4% of the vote.

2005

See main article: 2005 in Afghanistan.

June 28: Operation Red Wings results in the death of 19 Americans and many Taliban fighters.
September 18: 2005 Afghan parliamentary election.

2006

See main article: 2006 in Afghanistan and Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2006.

January 13: Damadola airstrike by US in Pakistan kills at least 18 civilians.
February 1: The Afghanistan Compact is developed, establishing a framework of international cooperation with Afghanistan.
March 29: Battle of Lashkagar. Taliban fighters attack a NATO base.
May 15: Operation Mountain Thrust is launched, the largest offensive since the fall of the Taliban.
July: Battle of Panjwaii between Canadian NATO forces and the Taliban.
September 2: Canadians launch Operation Medusa.
September 16: Operation Mountain Fury.

2007

See main article: 2007 in Afghanistan and Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2007.

February 27: 2007 Bagram Air Base bombing during US Vice President Dick Cheney’s visit.
March 4: 2007 Shinwar shooting occurs in which an unknown amount of civilians are killed by US troops.
March 6: Operation Achilles against the Taliban in Helmand Province.
May 12: Mullah Dadullah killed.
May 13: Afghanistan–Pakistan Skirmishes.
June 15: Battle of Chora begins.
June 22: 2007 Helmand Province airstrikes conducted by NATO kill 45 Afghan civilians.
June 28: The Hyderabad airstrike kills a large number of civilians including women and children.
July 19: 2007 South Korean hostage crisis in Afghanistan begins.
August 16: Nangar Khel massacre - Eight civilians including a pregnant women and a baby died when Polish soldiers shelled the village of Nangar Khel. Seven soldiers have been charged with war crimes.
November 6: 2007 Baghlan sugar factory bombing kills 75, including six Afghan MPs.
December 7: Battle of Musa Qala, a major clash in Helmand Province.

2008

See main article: 2008 in Afghanistan and Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2008.

January 14: The 2008 Kabul Serena Hotel attack leaves six people dead.
February 17: 2008 Kandahar bombing kills 100 people, the deadliest suicide bombing of the war.
June 10: Gora Prai airstrike in Pakistan kills 11 Pakistani paramilitary troops.
June 13: Sarposa Prison attack. Taliban attack the Sarposa Prison, freeing up to 1,000 prisoners.
July 6: Haska Meyna wedding party airstrike kills 47 civilians, mostly women and children, in Nangarhar province.
July 7: The 2008 Indian embassy bombing in Kabul kills 58, including four Indians. India blames Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence for the attack.
July 13: Battle of Wanat. Taliban fighters attack a NATO base, killing nine American soldiers.
August 19: The Taliban kill 10 French soldiers in the Uzbin valley ambush.
August 22: Azizabad airstrike kills up to 92 Afghan civilians.
August 27: Operation Eagle's Summit begins in Helmand Province.
September: United States-Pakistan skirmishes.
September 3: Angoor Ada raid by US special forces into Pakistan.
November 3: Wech Baghtu wedding party attack kills 37 civilians, mostly women and children.
December 19: US vows to send 3,000 more troops to Afghanistan.

2009

See main article: 2009 in Afghanistan and Coalition combat operations in Afghanistan in 2009.

January 1: Shaghzay ambush
February 11: February 2009 Kabul raids
May 4: The Granai airstrike resulted in one of the highest civilian death tolls from Western military action since foreign forces invaded Afghanistan in 2001.
July 2: Operation Khanjar begins
September 4: NATO planes attacks two fuel tankers, which had been hijacked by Taliban insurgents. Up to 142 people died in the attack, including over 100 Afghan civilian victims.^[7]
December 1: U.S. President Barack Obama announces Afghanistan War troop surge of 2009.
December 16: Operation Septentrion, assault by 1100 soldiers (mostly French) in the Uzbin Valley.^[8] ^[9] ^[10] ^[11]
December 29: 10 Afghan civilians mostly school children killed by special operation forces in the botched Narang night raid.

2010

See main article: 2010 in Afghanistan.

January 15: The first of the Maywand District murders occurs on this date.
February 12: Five innocent civilians including two pregnant women and a teenage girl killed in the botched Khataba raid.
February 21: Uruzgan helicopter attack kills 27-33 civilians including four women and a child in Uruzgan province.
Spring: Operation Moshtarak Phase I is led by US Marines to retake Marjah, in Helmand Province, from the Taliban.
Spring-Summer: U.S. Surge to Afghanistan sees its peak, as 20,000 soldiers are deployed to the south
June 23: General Stanley A. McChrystal, commander of the ISAF, resigns after controversial comments critical of the Obama administration were published in a magazine.
July 23: The Sangin airstrike kills a large number of Afghan civilians mostly women and children in Nangarhar province.
July 25: WikiLeaks releases 90,000 leaked documents pertaining to the war in Afghanistan.
September 18: Afghan Parliamentary Elections are held, widely criticized as fraudulent, although with notable instances of electoral institution impartiality.
October 17: A US soldier murders a Taliban prisoner.
Fall: Operation Moshtarak Phases II and III are held in Kandahar, driving the Taliban out of traditional safe-havens
Fall: Command of Regional Command South rotates from British to American command.

2011

See main article: 2011 in Afghanistan.

January 26: The Afghan National Assembly is inaugurated.^[12]
March 1: Mano Gai airstrike occurs in which NATO troops kill 9 minors.
May 1: The number one Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden is killed by U.S. Navy SEALs in Abbottabad, Pakistan, just miles from Islamabad.
May 23: 4 U.S. soldiers (2nd Battalion 27th Infantry Regiment) die and 1 wounded following an improvised explosive device attack in Kunar province.
June 4–6: The Battle Of Gewi Ridge takes place where a platoon of U.S. soldiers air-assaulted the mountain ridge of Gewi (Kunar province) for over-watch of a major re-supply convoy. Following the insertion, an intensive firefight lasting 52 hours takes place, resulting in the deaths of 50+ Taliban insurgents.
August 6: A CH-47 Chinook helicopter transporting 30 U.S. soldiers (including 17 Navy SEALs), 1 civilian interpreter and 7 Afghan troops is shot down in Wardak Province by RPG-wielding Taliban insurgents. There were no survivors of the crash. This incident marks the deadliest day for U.S. Forces in Afghanistan since the invasion in 2001.
August 11: Vengeance is exacted on the 11 Taliban militants involved in downing the CH-47 Chinook, who are killed in an F-16 airstrike. Meanwhile, five ISAF service members die following an improvised explosive device attack in the southern provinces.
September 20: Burhanuddin Rabbani, the former President and head of the High Peace Council, was assassinated by Taliban suicide bombers in Kabul.
November 26: 2011 NATO attack in Pakistan occurs in which 28 Pakistani soldiers are killed at the Durand Line, although it's disputed which side instigated the event.
December 9: Mohammed Ishmael, Ghaziabad district (Kunar province) police chief is killed in a suicide bombing of a mosque carried out by a 12-year-old Pakistani boy.

2012

See main article: 2012 in Afghanistan.

January 12: Footage surfaces in what is known as the Video of U.S. Marines urinating on Taliban fighters.
February 8: 2012 Kapisa airstrike occurs in which NATO forces kill 7 children and 1 adult.
March 11: American soldier Robert Bales commits the Kandahar massacre in which he murdered 16 Afghan civilians, and injured a further 6.
August 7: Shesh Aba raid committed by British forces kills 4 civilians.

2013

See main article: 2013 in Afghanistan. The army of the United States continues to conduct missions throughout Afghanistan, began closing forward operating bases (FOB).

2014

See main article: 2014 in Afghanistan.

June 9: 2014 Gaza Valley airstrike kills 5 American soldiers in a friendly-fire incident.

2015

See main article: 2015 in Afghanistan.

October 3: Kunduz hospital airstrike occurs in which 42 civilians are killed at the Kunduz Trauma Centre due to an airstrike.

2016

See main article: 2016 in Afghanistan.

December 31: United States troops withdraw from Afghanistan after 15 years.

2017

See main article: 2017 in Afghanistan.

February 10: 2017 Sangin airstrike kills at least 18 civilians.
April 9: The first Battle of Darzab begins.
April 13: 2017 Nangarhar airstrike kills 96 militants.

2018

See main article: 2018 in Afghanistan.

July 12: The second Battle of Darzab begins.

2020

See main article: 2020 in Afghanistan.

February 29: Doha Agreement is signed between the Taliban and the United States.

2021

May 1: The Taliban begins its summer offensive.
August 6: The Taliban capture Zaranj.
August 13: Battle of Lashkargah concludes with a Taliban victory. Herat falls. Battle of Kandahar ends with Taliban victory.
August 15: The Taliban capture Kabul. The Islamic Republic collapses as the Taliban begins reinstating the Islamic Emirate. An international airlift of refugees begins.
September 6: The capital of Panjshir Province, Bazarak and other districts fall, but the Resistance continues fighting guerrilla war.

Notes and References

News: 2001-10-27 . Taliban Claims Its Troops Pursuing American Advisor Who Arrived In Afghanistan With Abdul Haq . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121005121926/http://english.pravda.ru/news/world/27-10-2001/29999-0/ . 2012-10-05 . 27 September 2010 . . RIA Novosti correspondent reports that the Taliban considers the capturing and execution of prominent Pushto field commander Abdul Haq and his 50 followers as their biggest victory..
News: October 28, 2009 . Pakistan Arrests Alleged Killer of Afghan Leader Abdul Haq . 2021-08-21 . Voice of America.
Independent Online, Taliban commander captured in Rebel victory, November 6, 2001
Hersh . Seymour M. . Annals of National Security: The Getaway . The New Yorker . 2009-01-07 . 2010-08-14.
Web site: Breaking News, Weather, Business, Health, Entertainment, Sports, Politics, Travel, Science, Technology, Local, US & World News . MSNBC . 2010-08-14 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20051216152224/http://www.msnbc.com/news/664935.asp?cp1=1 . December 16, 2005 .
Web site: South Asia | Former king urges Afghan unity . BBC News . 2002-06-11 . 2010-08-14.
News: Germany to Pay $500,000 for Civilian Bombing Victims . Matthias Gebauer . Der Spiegel . 6 August 2010 . 9 August 2010.
Web site: French troops spearhead assault in Afghanistan . BBC News . 2009-12-17 . 2012-01-21.
Web site: French Afghan assault concludes . 2009-12-18 . 2012-01-21 . BBC News.
News: Associated Press . French troops lead Afghan attack on Taliban . The Seattle Times . 2009-12-17 . 2012-01-21 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100129051149/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2010535631_apeufranceafghanistan.html . January 29, 2010 .
News: Afghanistan: démonstration de force de la Légion, cinq Américains blessés . https://web.archive.org/web/20091223060257/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hbKgPKnkMqI0k6GdTP4uP3OTcx9g . dead . December 23, 2009 . Karim Talbi . AFP . 2009-12-18 . 2012-01-21.
News: After Months of Turmoil, Karzai Opens Parliament. Ray. Rivera. The New York Times . January 26, 2011. NYTimes.com.