Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2022) explained
The following is a timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom from July 2022 to December 2022.
There are significant differences in the legislation and the reporting between the countries of the UK: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The numbers of cases and deaths are reported on a government Web site updated daily during the pandemic.[1] The UK-wide COVID Symptom Study based on surveys of four million participants, endorsed by authorities in Scotland and Wales, run by health science company ZOE, and analysed by King's College London researchers,[2] publishes daily estimates of the number of new and total current COVID-19 infections (excluding care homes) in UK regions, without restriction to only laboratory-confirmed cases.[3]
Events
July 2022
- 1 July – Office for National Statistics data suggests COVID-19 cases in the UK are rising again, with 2.3 million people infected with the virus, around one in 30, in the week ending 24 June. The statistics show a 32% rise on the previous week, with the Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 variants thought to be responsible for the rise.[4]
- 3 July – Dame Jenny Harries, chief executive of the UK Health Security Agency, warns that hospitalisations as a result of COVID-19 are likely to rise along with infections, and says people should "go about their normal lives" but in a "precautionary way".[5]
- 8 July –
- 13 July – The number of confirmed deaths from the virus is reported to have exceeded 200,000. Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 are now the dominant subvariants.[8]
- 14 July – Data collected from 17,500 people who tested positive for COVID-19 over the preceding week indicates a sore throat to be the top symptom with other common reported symptoms being headache, blocked nose and cough.[9]
- 15 July –
- The latest Office for National Statistics data for the week ending 8 July indicates 3.5 million people, roughly one in 18, were infected with COVID-19 in that week, up from one in 25, or 2.7 million, the previous week.[10]
- The vaccine booster programme scheduled for the coming autumn is extended to cover all adults over 50, along with younger people considered to be vulnerable and health and social care workers.[11]
- 21 July – The UK public inquiry launches with chair Baroness Hallett promising a robust look into the UK's handling of the pandemic and whether more could have been done.[12]
- 22 July – The latest Office for National Statistics data for the week ending 15 July shows 3.8 million COVID-19 infections in the UK, a rise of 7% on the previous week. The ONS figures show a slow in the growth of cases while data from other sources, such as the government's COVID-19 Dashboard, suggest the latest wave has already reached its peak.[13]
- 27 July – Progress towards a pan coronavirus vaccine is announced by the Francis Crick Institute in London, following tests on mice. Antibodies targeting the S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2's spike protein are found to neutralise multiple coronavirus variants.[14] [15]
- 28 July – The media watchdog Ofcom is to launch an investigation into UK news channel GB News after presenter Mark Steyn made misleading claims about COVID-19 booster vaccines on the 21 April edition of his show. Steyn had alleged that British people were being killed by having the booster and that there was a media silence on the issue.[16]
- 29 July – Office for National Statistics data for the week up to 20 July indicates 3.2 million people in the UK were infected with COVID-19, a fall from 3.8 million the previous week and suggesting cases in the latest wave have peaked.[17]
August 2022
- 2 August –
- BBC News reports that more than 16,000 businesses that took out government-backed loans designed to support them during the COVID-19 pandemic have since gone bust without paying the money back.[18]
- Figures produced by the Night Time Industries Association, a body representing nightclubs in the UK, indicates a 20% decrease in the number of nightclubs since March 2020. There were 1,418 nightclubs in England, Scotland and Wales in March 2020 compared to 1,130 in the latest figures.[19]
- 3 August – Sir Patrick Vallance, the UK Government's Chief Scientific Adviser who steered the UK through the COVID-19 pandemic, announces he will step down from the role in April 2023.[20]
- 5 August – The latest Office for National Statistics data shows another drop in the number of people in the UK with COVID-19, with 2.6 million cases in the week up to 26 July, a fall of over half a million from 3.2 million the previous week.[21]
- 6 August – The 2022 Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo begins. Titled "Voices" it is the first to be held since the pandemic.[22]
- 9 August –
- Figures published by NHS England indicate the number of people in England waiting more than two years for routine surgery has fallen from 22,500 at the start of 2022, to less than 200.[23]
- The 2022 Scottish Higher exam results are published, the first public examinations sat by Scottish pupils since 2019. They show a 78.9% pass rate, lower than the two preceding years when exams were cancelled because of the pandemic, but higher than the 74.8% from 2019, the last year formal examinations took place.[24]
- 11 August – Kate Brunner QC is appointed to chair the independent review into the Isle of Man Government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man.[25]
- 14 August – The Crown Prosecution Service confirms that six people who were charged with breaching lockdown rules after attending demonstrations in the wake of the March 2021 murder of Sarah Everard will not be prosecuted.[26]
- 15 August – The UK becomes the first country to approve an updated Moderna vaccine that offers protection against the original COVID-19 virus, as well as the Omicron variant.[27]
- 18 August –
- The first post-COVID A Level results are published in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, with the number of students receiving A* grades lower than in 2021, but higher than in 2019 when the last public examinations were sat; 36.4% of A Levels were marked at A* and A in 2022, compared with 44.8% in 2021.[28]
- Ahead of a trial at Glasgow Sheriff Court, Margaret Ferrier, the MP for Rutherglen and Hamilton West, pleads guilty to breaching COVID-19 rules after travelling by train following a positive COVID test in September 2020.[29]
- 19 August – The latest Office for National Statistics data, covering the first week of August, indicates that 1.7 million people had COVID-19, or one in 40.[30]
- 24 August – The UK government announces that most hospital patients and care home residents in England will no longer be required to take COVID-19 tests, although new admissions into both will continue to be tested. Free lateral flow tests for health and social care staff will also end from 31 August.[31]
- 25 August –
- 28 August – The Notting Hill Carnival is held for the first time since the pandemic, the events for 2020 and 2021 having been held online.[35]
- 30 August –
- Recently appointed hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) tsar Madelaine McTernan returns to her role of overseeing vaccines ahead of the planned autumn COVID-19 booster programme.[36]
- Eurostar announces it is to suspend train services between London and Disneyland Paris from 5 June 2023 to concentrate on its core routes as it continues to recover from the effects of the pandemic.[37]
September 2022
- 1 September –
- The UK COVID-19 public inquiry begins to examine decisions made by the Johnson Government at the start of the pandemic in 2020.[38]
- The UK's health agencies have clarified that the advice for pregnant and breastfeeding women regarding the vaccine has not changed after false information appeared on social media claiming that they were now being advised not to have the vaccine.[39]
- 5 September – The deployment of the Autumn 2022 COVID-19 booster programme begins in England, with care home residents and people who are housebound the first to be offered the vaccine.[40]
- 12 September – Data released by the Office for National Statistics indicates cases of COVID-19 are at their lowest since October 2021, with fewer than a million people (roughly one in 70) with the virus in the last week of August.[41]
- 13 September – Margaret Ferrier, the MP who travelled by train from London to Scotland after receiving a positive COVID test in September 2020, is given 270 hours of community service after previously pleading guilty at Glasgow Sheriff Court to culpably and recklessly exposing the public to the virus.[42]
- 23 September – Office for National Statistics data for the week up to 14 September indicates the first rise in COVID-19 infections since mid-July, with one in 70 people having the virus and the largest increase among secondary school students.[43]
- 24 September – An article in The Times quotes scientists who suggests the Omicron variant could be "the last Covid-19 variant we have to battle" since it has lasted longer than any previous variant, and the coronavirus may therefore be settling down.[44]
October 2022
- 4 October – The first preliminary hearing of the COVID-19 inquiry is held. Chair Baroness Hallett says those who have suffered will be at the inquiry's heart.[45]
- 5 October – Campaigners have criticised First Minister of Wales Mark Drakeford for being insensitive after he said those wishing to have a separate COVID-19 inquiry for Wales have "moved on". In response the Welsh Government says Drakeford was referring to the group having "shifted their focus", and that a UK-wide inquiry can better for examining decisions made by the four nations of the UK.[46]
- 7 October – The latest Office for National Statistics data suggests around 1.3 million people (or one in 50) are infected with COVID-19, with a high prevalence of those cases in those aged over 70. The news prompts health experts to urge people to avoid vulnerable friends, relatives and colleagues as a precaution.[47]
- 10 October – The 2022 BAFTA Cymru Awards Ceremony is held in Cardiff, the first to take place in-person since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.[48]
- 11 October – The Celtic Connections Festival returns for the first time since January 2020, having been postponed and run as an online event due to the pandemic.[49]
- 13 October – The latest health figures show that hospital waiting lists in England have reached seven million, their highest since records began.[50]
- 14 October –
- The latest COVID-19 data from the Office for National Statistics suggests 1.7 million people (roughly 2.7% of the population or one in 37) is infected with COVID-19, a rise from the previous week when the figure was one in 50.[51]
- Ofcom announces an investigation into GB News over its coverage of matters relating to COVID-19 vaccination following an interview with the author Naomi Wolf that aired on 4 October, and during which she claimed women were being harmed by COVID-19 vaccines as part of an effort "to destroy British civil society", while likening the behaviour of the medical profession to that of Nazi Germany. Ofcom's investigation will cover whether the interview broke "rules designed to protect viewers from harmful material", and is the second such investigation into the news channel.[52]
- 18 October – NHS England warns that up to half of its hospital beds could be taken up with patients suffering respiratory problems because of a "twindemic" of COVID-19 and flu over the coming winter.[53]
- 28 October – Office for National Statistics data for the week ending 17 October indicates around two million COVID-19 infections in the UK, roughly one in 30 people with the virus. These figures are relatively similar to those for the previous week.[54]
- 31 October – The COVID-19 public inquiry has asked to see former Prime Minister Boris Johnson's WhatsApp messages from his time as prime minister as part of its investigation into decision making.[55]
November 2022
- 4 November – The latest Office for National Statistics data indicates there were 1.9 million COVID-19 cases in the week up to 24 October, with around one in 35 people having the virus. Cases in England and Wales fell from the previous week, while there was a slight rise in Northern Ireland, with figures uncertain for Scotland.[56]
- 7 November – Analysis by BBC News has indicated a 10% rise in the number of five- and six-year-olds in England requiring speech therapy in the past year, something that experts partially attribute to the effect of the COVID-19 lockdowns.[57]
- 9 November – Derby-based SureScreen Diagnostics has become one of the first companies in the UK to be given to go-ahead to supply a dual COVID and flu testing kit by the UK Health Security Agency's Coronavirus Test Device Approvals (CTDA) process.[58]
- 11 November –
- The latest Office for National Statistics data indicates a general fall in the number of cases of COVID-19 in the UK, with 1.5 million people testing positive for the virus in the week up to 1 November. This represents an 18% fall on the previous week, and appears to indicate the latest wave of cases is receding.[59]
- The Metropolitan Police confirms no action will be taken against London Mayoral candidate Shaun Bailey and other members of the Conservative Party who attended a party at Conservative headquarters in December 2020 while London was subject to lockdown measures.[60]
- Kate Brunner KC, who is running the independent review into the Isle of Man Government's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man, has called for the review to cover a wider period of time, from November 2019 to April 2022; presently it only covers the period up to September 2021.[61]
- 15 November – The pressure group Covid-19 Bereaved Families for Justice says it has flown a banner over the set of ITV's I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! demanding former Health Secretary Matt Hancock's removal from the programme.[62]
- 18 November – Data released by the Office for National Statistics for the week up to 8 November indicate 1.1 million people tested positive for COVID-19, a 27% fall from 1.5 million the previous week. In England the number of cases is shown as being under a million for the first time since September.[63]
- 22 November – Kym Marsh will not participate in the 26 November edition of BBC One's Strictly Come Dancing after testing positive for COVID-19.[64]
- 28 November – A trial of the blood thinner Apixaban as a potential treatment for COVID-19 on 1,000 hospital patients with the virus has concluded that it "puts patients at risk for no clear benefit".[65]
- 29 November – A report by the UK Health Security Agency concludes that staff mistakes made by the Wolverhampton-based Immensa laboratory may have led to an etra 23 COVID-19-related deaths when positive tests were incorrectly identified as negative.[66]
December 2022
- 1 December – An extract of Matt Hancock's diaries, which are being serialised by the Daily Mail, suggests that the former Health Secretary objected to a Ministry of Justice plan to release "thousands" of non-violent prisoners at the start of the pandemic in March 2020 as a way of curbing the virus's spread in prisons and relieving pressure on the health service.[67]
- 2 December – Office for National Statistics data for the week up to 21 November indicates COVID-19 infections in the UK have risen above one million again following a 6% increase from 972,400 the previous week. Infections have also risen in England for the first time since mid-October.[68]
- 3 December – In the latest extracts to be published from Matt Hancock's diaries, the former Health Secretary claims he was told by England's Chief Medical Officer in January 2020 that 800,000 people could die as a result of COVID-19.[69]
- 6 December –
- An inquest opens into the March 2020 death of Ismail Mohamed Abdulwahab, the first child known to have died from COVID-19 in the UK. It will examine whether mistakes were made in the hospital treatment given to the 13-year-old, who lived in Brixton, South London.[70]
- Conservative Party peer Michelle Mone is to request a leave of absence from the House of Lords to clear her name after allegations she benefitted a company she recommended for a COVID contract.[71]
- 7 December – Cesar Franco from Streatham becomes the first person in the UK to receive a double lung transplant following complications after contracting COVID-19.[72]
- 9 December – The latest Office for National Statistics data indicates 1.1 million tested positive for COVID-19 in the week up to 26 November, roughly 1.7% of the population. The data also shows the number of cases has increased slightly in England and Northern Ireland, but not in Scotland and Wales.[73]
- 13 December – Moderna and MSD have developed an experimental mRNA vaccine for cancer which employs the same messenger RNA technology used in COVID-19 vaccines.[74]
- 14 December – A hearing at Suffolk Coroner's Court concludes that a man who died in April 2021 from a cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) did so as a "direct result" of receiving the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Jack Last, aged 27, from Stowmarket, received the vaccine on 30 March 2021 and was admitted to hospital a few days later after experiencing headaches and sickness.[75]
- 16 December – A rapid surge in flu is reported, with hospital admissions from the virus overtaking those of COVID-19.[76]
- 19 December – The UK government commences legal proceedings against PPE Medpro, a company that supplied it with personal protective equipment (PPE) in 2020, for breach of contract. The government is seeking £122m plus costs over medical gowns supplied during the pandemic. The company won a government contract through the "VIP lane" after being recommended by Baroness Michelle Mone.[77]
- 20 December – A report published by the House of Lords Economic Affairs Committee has highlighted an increase in economic activity since the start of the pandemic, with a further 565,000 people economically inactive since 2020. Early retirement is cited as the main reason for the increase, and is a reverse in the pre-2020 trend when economic inactivity was falling.[78]
- 22 December – A trial of the antiviral drug Molnupiravir involving 25,000 COVID-19 patients has found that although it speeds up recovery time, the percentage of admissions to hospital and deaths were not reduced.[79]
- 23 December –
- Office for National Statistics data for the week ending 9 December indicates that 1.4 million people in the UK (around one in 45) were infected with COVID-19. Cases in England and Scotland had risen from the previous week, while they were uncertain for Wales and Northern Ireland. The data also shows that cases of influenza were also at their highest since the winter of 2017–18.[80] [81] [82]
- The UK Health Security Agency warns people who are feeling unwell with flu or COVID-19 not to visit vulnerable relatives over the festive season.[83]
- 26 December – The UK Health Security Agency confirms it will stop publishing coronavirus modelling data from early January 2023.[84]
- 29 December – Secretary of State for Defence Ben Wallace confirms that the UK's response to China's recent decision to lift its Zero COVID policy is "under review". A number of other countries have placed travel restrictions on China following the announcement that its Zero COVID policy is to end and its borders will reopen in January 2023.[85] [86]
- 30 December – The UK government confirms that passengers arriving in England from China will need to provide a negative COVID test before boarding their flight when China fully reopens its borders on 8 January.[87]
- 31 December –
See also
External links
- Web site: Freedman . Lawrence . Lawrence Freedman. Strategy for a Pandemic: The UK and COVID-19 . International Institute for Strategic Studies . 11 May 2020 . – analysis of advice given to government, and their response, up to early May
Notes and References
- Web site: Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the UK . UK government COVID-19 Web site. . .
- Web site: About this Research . ZOE. 15 July 2020.
- Web site: COVID Symptom Study . ZOE. 15 July 2020.
- News: Covid infections jump by half a million in UK, says ONS. BBC News . 1 July 2022. 2 July 2022.
- News: Covid: UK hospital cases set to rise, says health chief. BBC News . 3 July 2022. 3 July 2022.
- News: Covid infections hit 2.7 million in UK. BBC News . 8 July 2022. 8 July 2022.
- News: 2022-07-08 . Sir Keir Starmer cleared by police over Durham lockdown beers . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-07-08.
- Web site: COVID-19: UK deaths pass 200,000, ONS says. 13 July 2022. 13 July 2022. Sky News.
- News: Covid: Sore throat now top symptom that could be the virus. BBC News . 14 July 2022. 14 July 2022.
- News: One in 18 has Covid in the UK. BBC News . 15 July 2022. 15 July 2022.
- News: Covid booster: Will be offered to all over 50s this autumn. BBC News . 15 July 2022. 15 July 2022.
- News: Covid inquiry: Lessons will be learned before next pandemic. BBC News . 21 July 2022. 21 July 2022.
- News: UK Covid cases continue to rise. BBC News . 22 July 2022. 22 July 2022.
- Web site: 2022-07-27 . UK scientists take 'promising' step towards single Covid and cold vaccine . 2022-07-28 . The Guardian.
- Web site: 2022-07-27 . Promising developments in pursuit to design pan-coronavirus vaccine . 2022-07-28 . Francis Crick Institute.
- Web site: GB News faces Ofcom investigation over host's Covid booster claims. 28 July 2022. the Guardian. 1 August 2022.
- News: Covid infections on the way down again across the UK. BBC News . 29 July 2022. 29 July 2022.
- News: Thousands of small firms go bust owing millions in bounce back Covid loans. BBC News . 2 August 2022. 2 August 2022.
- News: Nightclubs closing: One in five have shut since Covid-19 pandemic began. BBC News . 2 August 2022. 2 August 2022.
- News: Patrick Vallance: One of government's chief Covid advisers is stepping down. BBC News . 3 August 2022. 3 August 2022.
- News: Covid infections continuing to fall around the UK. BBC News . 5 August 2022. 5 August 2022.
- News: Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo back with a bang after three years. BBC News . 6 August 2022. 2 September 2022.
- News: Backlog of longest-wait patients slashed in England. BBC News . 9 August 2022. 9 August 2022.
- News: Scottish exam pass rate drops from pandemic high. BBC News . 9 August 2022. 9 August 2022.
- News: Covid: Isle of Man pandemic response review leader appointed. BBC News . 11 August 2022. 11 November 2022.
- News: Sarah Everard: Vigil protesters no longer face prosecution. BBC News . 14 August 2022. 14 August 2022.
- News: Covid: UK approves Moderna's Omicron booster. BBC News . 15 August 2022. 15 August 2022.
- News: Top A-level grades fall in first exams since Covid. BBC News . 18 August 2022. 18 August 2022.
- News: MP Margaret Ferrier pleads guilty to exposing public to Covid. BBC News . 18 August 2022. 18 August 2022.
- News: Covid infections in UK continue to fall. BBC News . 19 August 2022. 19 August 2022.
- News: NHS and care homes in England to pause routine Covid testing. BBC News . 24 August 2022. 24 August 2022.
- News: Experts had too much power over Covid lockdowns, says Rishi Sunak. BBC News . 25 August 2022. 25 August 2022.
- News: GCSE results: Grades show growing regional divide in England. BBC News . 25 August 2022. 25 August 2022.
- Web site: BBC says 'in no way' did government prompt it to censure Emily Maitlis. 25 August 2022. the Guardian. 6 September 2022.
- News: Music, food and excitement as Carnival returns. BBC News . 28 August 2022.
- News: HRT tsar returns to role overseeing Covid boosters. BBC News . 30 August 2022. 30 August 2022.
- News: Eurostar to suspend direct trains to Disneyland Paris. BBC News . 30 August 2022. 30 August 2022.
- News: Covid inquiry starts to examine Boris Johnson's pandemic decisions. BBC News . 31 August 2022. 2 September 2022.
- News: Covid: Pregnant women targeted with false vaccine claims. BBC News . 1 September 2022. 2 September 2022.
- News: Covid booster rollout to start in early September in England. BBC News . 18 August 2022. 26 August 2022.
- News: UK Covid infections lowest since last October. BBC News . 12 September 2022. 12 September 2022.
- News: Margaret Ferrier: MP who exposed public to Covid must do unpaid work. BBC News . 13 September 2022. 13 September 2022.
- News: Covid: First rise in infections in UK since July. BBC News . 23 September 2022. 23 September 2022.
- Web site: Ten Things You Need to Know Today: 24 September 2022. The Week UK. 24 September 2022 . 22 October 2022.
- News: Loss and suffering at heart of Covid inquiry. BBC News . 4 October 2022. 4 October 2022.
- News: Covid inquiry: Mark Drakeford accused of 'shameful' remarks. BBC News . 4 October 2022. 5 October 2022.
- News: Covid: Protect elderly from rising virus levels in UK. BBC News . 7 October 2022. 7 October 2022.
- News: Bafta Cymru: In My Skin takes three awards. BBC News . 9 October 2022. 10 October 2022.
- News: Celtic Connections festival aims to return with full programme. BBC News . 11 October 2022. 11 October 2022.
- News: Fewer ops being done as NHS waiting list hits seven million. BBC News . 13 October 2022. 13 October 2022.
- News: Covid cases rise as one in 37 has virus in UK. BBC News . 14 October 2022. 14 October 2022.
- Web site: GB News faces second Ofcom inquiry into Covid vaccine coverage. 12 October 2022. the Guardian. 15 October 2022.
- News: Respiratory illness may take up half of NHS beds this winter. BBC News . 18 October 2022. 18 October 2022.
- News: Concern over flu and winter viruses but Covid levels unchanged. BBC News . 28 October 2022. 30 October 2022.
- News: Covid: Boris Johnson WhatsApp messages requested by inquiry. BBC News . 31 October 2022. 1 November 2022.
- News: Covid infections falling in England and Wales, says ONS. BBC News . 4 November 2022. 6 November 2022.
- News: Child speech delays increase following lockdowns. BBC News . 7 November 2022. 8 November 2022.
- News: Derbyshire firm's twin Covid and flu test kit gets green light. BBC News . 8 November 2022. 11 November 2022.
- Web site: Covid infections and hospitalisations fall as experts praise autumn vaccinations. 11 November 2022. ITV News. 11 November 2022.
- News: Covid lockdown: No police action over Shaun Bailey Tory event. BBC News . 11 November 2022. 11 November 2022.
- News: Bid to expand Isle of Man coronavirus pandemic response review. BBC News . 11 November 2022. 11 November 2022.
- News: Matt Hancock: Covid campaigners fly banner over I'm A Celebrity jungle. BBC News . 15 November 2022. 15 November 2022.
- Web site: COVID-19 infections fall across the UK for second week in row. Sky News. 19 November 2022.
- News: Strictly Come Dancing: Kym Marsh tests positive for Covid. BBC News . 22 November 2022. 22 November 2022.
- News: Covid: Blood thinner ineffective for patients, trial finds. BBC News . 28 November 2022. 28 November 2022.
- News: Immensa lab errors may have led to 23 Covid-19 deaths. BBC News . 29 November 2022. 29 November 2022.
- Web site: Matt Hancock says he vetoed 'bonkers proposal' to let out prisoners during lockdown. P. A.. Media. 1 December 2022. the Guardian. 2 December 2022.
- Web site: UK Covid infections rise above one million again. Weston Mercury. 2 December 2022 . 2 December 2022.
- News: Matt Hancock: I was warned 820,000 in UK could die from Covid. BBC News . 3 December 2022. 5 December 2022.
- News: Covid-19: Inquest will examine UK's first-known child death. BBC News . 6 December 2022. 9 December 2022.
- News: Conservative peer Michelle Mone to take leave of absence from Lords. BBC News . 6 December 2022. 6 December 2022.
- News: Londoner gets first double lung transplant due to Covid complications. BBC News . 7 December 2022. 9 December 2022.
- News: Covid: Pre-Christmas booster urged as infections rise. BBC News . 9 December 2022. 11 December 2022.
- News: Cancer mRNA vaccine completes pivotal trial. BBC News . 13 December 2022. 18 December 2022.
- News: Covid: Jack Last died as result of AstraZeneca vaccine – coroner. BBC News . 13 December 2022. 16 December 2022.
- News: Flu hospital admission rates shoot up to overtake Covid. BBC News . 16 December 2022. 16 December 2022.
- News: Government to sue Mone-linked PPE firm for £122m. BBC News . 19 December 2022. 19 December 2022.
- Web site: Early retirement and our ageing population are causing labour shortages, says Lords report. Parliament.uk. 20 December 2022. 20 December 2022.
- News: Molnupiravir Covid antiviral treatment hastens recovery – trial. BBC News . 22 December 2022.
- News: Covid-19 in the UK. BBC News . 6 March 2020. 4 January 2023.
- Web site: Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey, UK – Office for National Statistics. www.ons.gov.uk. 4 January 2023.
- Web site: Weekly national Influenza and COVID-19 surveillance report: Week 51 report (up to week 50 data). 22 December 2022. 4 January 2023. UK Health Security Agency.
- News: Flu and Covid: People told to avoid mixing at Christmas if unwell. BBC News . 23 December 2022.
- News: UK Covid modelling data to stop being published. BBC News . 26 December 2022.
- Web site: UK COVID response to China travel 'under review' after some countries step up restrictions. Sky News. 29 December 2022.
- News: Covid in China: Checks on visitors under review – UK defence minister. BBC News . 29 December 2022. 29 December 2022.
- News: China Covid: England to require negative test for arrivals. BBC News . 30 December 2022. 30 December 2022.
- Web site: What the papers say – December 31. www.expressandstar.com. 31 December 2022 . 1 January 2023.
- Web site: Covid pandemic blamed for increase in heart deaths. 1 January 2023. www.thetimes.co.uk.
- Web site: Frank Skinner and DJ Spoony amongst New Year Honours. Roy. Martin. 30 December 2022. 31 December 2022.