Timeline of the 2020 United States presidential election (2017–2019) explained

Election Name:	Timeline of the 2020 United States presidential election (2017–2019)
Country:	USA
Type:	presidential
Ongoing:	no
Previous Election:	Timeline of the 2016 United States presidential election
Previous Year:	2016
Next Election:	Timeline of the 2024 United States presidential election
Next Year:	2024
Election Date:	November 3, 2020

The following is a timeline of major events taking place prior to 2020 United States presidential election, the 59th quadrennial United States presidential election. This timeline includes events from 2017 to 2019. For subsequent events, see Timeline of the 2020 United States presidential election (January–October 2020) and Timeline of the 2020 United States presidential election (November 2020–January 2021).

President Donald Trump of the Republican Party, who was elected in 2016, was seeking reelection to a second term. A total of 29 major candidates declared their candidacies for the Democratic primaries.

2017

• February 17: Republican incumbent president Donald Trump informally announces his candidacy for a second term and holds the first of a series of occasional reelection campaign rallies in Melbourne, Florida.^[1]
• July 28: Representative John Delaney of Maryland officially announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party,^[2] breaking the record for the earliest official presidential candidacy declaration in history.^[3]
• November 6: Tech entrepreneur Andrew Yang of New York announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party.^[4]

2018

• January 16: Anti-war activist Adam Kokesh announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Libertarian Party. Hours after the announcement, he was pulled over twice and subsequently arrested on possession-related charges.^{[5] [6]}
• May 3: The Republican National Committee eliminates their debate committee for the 2020 election cycle, signaling that they do not plan to sanction any debates between Trump and possible primary challengers.^[7]
• July 3: Former Libertarian National Committee vice-chair Arvin Vohra announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Libertarian Party.^[8]
• July 18: Charlotte, North Carolina is chosen as the host city of the 2020 Republican National Convention^[9]
• August 25: Democratic Party officials and television networks begin discussions as to the nature and scheduling of the following year's debates and the nomination process.^[10] Changes were made to the role of superdelegates, deciding to only allow them to vote on the first ballot if the nomination is uncontested^[11]
• November 6: In the midterm elections, the Democrats capture control of the U.S. House of Representatives with a net gain of 41 seats. The Republicans hold their majority in the U.S. Senate with a net gain of two seats.^[12]
• November 7: President Trump confirms that Mike Pence will remain vice presidential pick^[13]
• November 11: West Virginia state senator Richard Ojeda announces candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party. He ultimately would become the first candidate to withdraw from the race, suspending his campaign on January 25, 2019, more than a year before the Iowa caucus (see below).^[14]
• December 12: Former secretary of housing and urban development Julian Castro forms a presidential exploratory committee for a possible run for the nomination of the Democratic Party^[15]
• December 31: Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts forms an exploratory committee for a possible run for the nomination of the Democratic Party.^[16] She would ultimately decide to commit to an official campaign in February 2019 (see below).

2019

January 2019

• January 11: Representative Tulsi Gabbard of Hawaii announces she has decided to run for the nomination of the Democratic Party^[17]
• January 12: Former secretary of housing and urban development Julian Castro officially announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party
• January 15: Senator Kirsten Gillibrand of New York announces the formation of an exploratory committee for a possible run for the nomination of the Democratic Party.^[18] She would then launch an official campaign in March (see below).
• January 21: Senator Kamala Harris of California officially announces her candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party^[19]
• January 23: Mayor of South Bend, Indiana, Pete Buttigieg announces the formation of an exploratory committee for a possible run for the nomination of the Democratic Party^[20]
• January 25:
  • Ojeda drops out of the Democratic nomination race, saying that he has little chance of success.^[21]
  • The Republican National Committee unofficially endorses Trump.^[22]
• January 27: Starbucks founder Howard Schultz announces possible independent presidential bid,^[23] which is followed by a furious backlash on social media^{[24] [25]}
• January 28: Spiritual teacher and author Marianne Williamson of California announces her candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party.^[26]

February 2019

• February 1: On Twitter, Senator Cory Booker of New Jersey announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party^[27]
• February 9: Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts announces her candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party, soon after forming an exploratory committee.^[28]
• February 10: Senator Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota announces her candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party^[29]
• February 12: The first mass-rally of the Trump campaign of the year takes place in El Paso, Texas. A counter-rally led by former Democratic U.S. representative Beto O'Rourke of Texas takes place less than a mile away.^[30] O’Rourke would later enter the race in March for the Democratic nomination (see below).
• February 13–15: Winter meeting of the Democratic National Committee, in which the rules of the upcoming primary are promulgated^[31]
• February 15: Former Massachusetts governor Bill Weld announces the formation of an exploratory committee, becoming Trump's first official challenger in the Republican primaries^[32]
• February 18: Youngstown Board of Education member Dario Hunter announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Green Party.^[33]
• February 19: Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party.^[34]

March 2019

• March 1: Governor Jay Inslee of Washington announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party^[35]
• March 4: Former governor John Hickenlooper of Colorado announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party^[36]
• March 5: Former mayor Michael Bloomberg of New York City announces that, after exploring the possibility, he will not run for president in 2020.^[37]
• March 10: Presidential Forum at South by Southwest,^[38] the first so-called "cattle call" event of the cycle.
• March 11: Milwaukee, Wisconsin is chosen as the host city of the 2020 Democratic National Convention, beating out Miami, Florida and Houston, Texas.^[39]
• March 13: Wayne Messam, the Democratic mayor of Miramar, Florida, announces the formation of an exploratory committee^[40]
• March 14: O'Rourke officially announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party^[41]
• March 17: Gillibrand officially announces her candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party,^[42] having previously formed an exploratory committee two month earlier (see above).
• March 28: Messam formally announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party.^[43]
• March 30: Castro, Delaney, Klobuchar, Ryan, and Warren appear at the Heartland Forum at Buena Vista University in Storm Lake, Iowa, discussing issues affecting rural Americans.^{[44] [45]}

April 2019

• April 1 : Eight Democratic candidates attend the We the People Membership Summit at the Warner Theatre in Washington, D.C., discussing Democracy reform.^{[46] [47]}
• April 3–5: National Action Network convention. The second so-called "cattle call" event of the campaign. Twelve candidates show up and speak.^{[48] [49]}
• April 4: Representative Tim Ryan of Ohio announces his candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination.^[50]
• April 8:
  • Senator Mike Gravel of Alaska announces his candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination.^[51]
  • Representative Eric Swalwell of California announces his candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination.^[52]
• April 14: Buttigieg officially announces his candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination,^[53] having previously formed an exploratory committee earlier in January (see above).
• April 15: Weld officially announces his candidacy for the Republican Party nomination,^[54] having previously formed an exploratory committee earlier in February (see above).
• April 22: Representative Seth Moulton of Massachusetts announces his candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination.^[55]
• April 24: Eight Democratic candidates attend the She the People Presidential Forum at Texas Southern University in Houston, Texas, discussing issues affecting women of color.^{[56] [57]}
• April 25: Former vice president Joe Biden announces his candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination. He becomes the 20th major Democratic candidate to enter the race.^[58]
• April 27: Several Democratic candidates attend the National Forum on Wages and Working People at Enclave in Las Vegas, Nevada, discussing economic issues affecting low-income Americans.^{[59] [60]}

May 2019

• May 2: Senator Michael Bennet of Colorado announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party^[61]
• May 13: John Durham, U.S. Attorney for the District of Connecticut, is appointed to oversee a Department of Justice probe into the origins of the FBI investigation into Russian interference.^[62]
• May 14: Governor Steve Bullock of Montana announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party.^[63]
• May 16:
  • New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party.^[64]
  • Businessman and perennial candidate Rocky De La Fuente announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Republican Party.^[65]
• May 28: Green Party co-founder Howie Hawkins announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Green Party.^[66]
• May 31: Castro, Inslee, Harris, and Sanders discuss immigration reform at the Unity and Freedom Forum at the Hilton Pasadena, in Pasadena, California.^{[67] [68]}
• May 31-June 2: California State Democratic Convention, a major "cattle call" event attended by most major candidates.^{[69] [70]} Joe Biden is a no-show at the event, attending a Human Rights Campaign event in Ohio at the same time.^{[71] [72]}

June 2019

• June 1: Several Democratic candidates attend the Big Ideas Forum at Warfield Theatre in San Francisco, California.^[73]
• June 5: Iowa Democrats' Hall of Fame Dinner: an event featuring 19 candidates. Due to his granddaughter's high school graduation, Biden is absent.^[74]
• June 13: The Democratic National Committee announces that 20 candidates will participate in the first official Democratic debate on June 26–27.^[75]
• June 15: Several Democratic candidates attend the Presidential Candidates Forum at Charleston Music Hall in Charleston, South Carolina, televised on a tape delay on BET.^{[76] [77]}
• June 17: Ten Democratic candidates discuss issues affecting low-income Americans at the Poor People's Campaign Presidential Forum at Trinity Washington University in Washington, D.C.^{[78] [79]}
• June 18: Trump holds "kickoff" rally in Orlando, Florida.^[80]
• June 21: Issues affecting Hispanic and Latino Americans are discussed by eight Democratic candidates at the NALEO Presidential Candidate Forum at Telemundo Center in Miami, Florida.^{[81] [82]}
• June 22:
  • Democratic candidates make seven-minute speeches at the South Carolina Democratic Party Convention at the Columbia Convention Center in Columbia, South Carolina.^{[83] [84]}
  • Several Democratic candidates discuss abortion and reproductive health care issues at The We Decide: 2020 Election Membership Forum at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, South Carolina.^{[85] [86]}
• June 23: Former representative Joe Sestak of Pennsylvania announces his candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination.^[87] Sestak cited his daughter's fight with brain cancer as his reason for his delayed June announcement.^[88]
• June 26–27: The Democratic debate series commences with a two-night debate at the Adrienne Arsht Center in downtown Miami, hosted by NBC and broadcast on its networks.^{[89] [90]}
• June 30: New Hampshire state representative Max Abramson announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Libertarian Party.^{[91] [92]}

July 2019

• July 5: Issues affecting public schools are discussed by Democratic candidates at the Strong Public Schools Presidential Forum at the George R. Brown Convention Center in Houston, Texas.^{[93] [94]}
• July 8: Swalwell becomes the second candidate, after Ojeda on January 25, to drop out of the Democratic nomination race. Swalwell says that he wanted to narrow the crowded Democratic field after he felt that he did not have a path to winning it himself.^[95]
• July 9: Hedge fund manager Tom Steyer of California announces his candidacy for the nomination of the Democratic Party.^[96]
• July 11: Issues affecting Hispanic and Latino Americans are discussed by Democratic candidates at the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) Presidential Candidates Forum at the Wisconsin Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.^{[97] [98]}
• July 11–13: Castro, Gillibrand, Inslee, and Warren make appearances at the Netroots Nation at the Pennsylvania Convention Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by the Netroots Foundation.^[99]
• July 15–20: Twenty Democratic candidates make appearances at the Iowa Presidential Candidate Forums in Des Moines, Davenport, Cedar Rapids, Sioux City, and Council Bluffs.^[100]
• July 18: CNN announces the lineup for the second Democratic debate to be held July 30–31.^[101]
• July 24: Ten Democratic candidates appear at the 2020 Presidential Candidates Forum in Detroit, Michigan.^[102]
• July 30: Democratic governor Gavin Newsom of California signs a bill into state law requiring presidential candidates to release their tax returns for the past five years in order to qualify for the California primary ballot. It is intended to force President Trump to reveal his taxes, which he has refused to do since his 2016 campaign. Republicans view this as unconstitutional, claiming that a state cannot mandate additional eligibility requirements for the presidency beyond what is stated in Article Two of the US Constitution.^[103]
• July 30–31: The second Democratic debate commences with a two-night debate at the Fox Theatre in Detroit, airing on CNN.^[104]

August 2019

• August 1: Gravel becomes the third candidate to drop out of the Democratic nomination race, citing a failure to qualify for either Democratic debates.^[105]
• August 3: Nineteen Democratic candidates attend the Public Service Forum at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.^[106]
• August 5–6: Lawsuits are filled to challenge California's new law that will prevent President Trump from appearing on the state's primary ballot unless he releases his tax returns. The first lawsuit is filled by the conservative activist group Judicial Watch on behalf of four California voters.^[107] Additional lawsuits are filed on August 6 by the Trump campaign, the Republican National Committee, and the California Republican Party.^[108]
• August 8–18: The Iowa State Fair takes place, and is attended by at least twenty of the candidates.^[109]
• August 10: Seventeen Democratic candidates discuss gun issues at the Gun Sense Forum in Des Moines, Iowa.^[110]
• August 15: Hickenlooper becomes the fourth candidate to drop out of the Democratic nomination race. His campaign cites low poll numbers, lack of donors, a large turnover of campaign staff in July, and the likelihood of not qualifying for the third Democratic debate in September.^[111]
• August 19: In the Iowa State Fair Straw Poll, Biden edged Warren by 10 votes among Democratic primary candidates, while Trump won at least 96 percent of the vote among Republican primary candidates.^{[112] [113]}
• August 19–20: Democratic candidates discuss issues affecting Native Americans at the Frank LaMere Native American Presidential Forum at Orpheum Theater in Sioux City, Iowa.^[114]
• August 21: Inslee becomes the fifth candidate to drop out of the Democratic nomination race.^[115] Unlikely to qualify for the third Democratic debate in September, he decides to instead run for another term as governor of Washington.^[116]
• August 23: Moulton becomes the sixth candidate to drop out of the Democratic primary. Never able to gather enough fundraising or to register in the polls, he decides to instead run for another term in the House of Representatives.^[117]
• August 25: Former congressman Joe Walsh from Illinois announces his candidacy for the Republican Party nomination, becoming Trump's second official primary challenger after Weld.^[118]
• August 28:
  • Gillibrand becomes the seventh candidate to drop out of the Democratic primary, citing her inability to qualify for the third Democratic debate in September.^[119]
  • Only 10 candidates qualify for the third Democratic debate. Both Gabbard and Steyer criticize its stricter polling criteria that led to their disqualification.^[120]
• August 31: Due to security concerns, the Democratic National Committee orders both the Iowa and Nevada Democratic state parties to scrap their plans for "virtual caucuses", which would have allowed those unable to physically attend the Iowa or Nevada Democratic caucuses to participate online or by teleconference.^[121]

September 2019

• September 4: CNN holds and broadcasts a live seven-hour Climate Crisis Town Hall from New York City with the 10 candidates who qualified for the third Democratic debate, who appear one-at-a-time for roughly 40 minutes each.^{[122] [123]}
• September 6: Schultz announces that he will instead not seek an independent presidential bid.^[124]
• September 7:
  • Kansas, Nevada, and South Carolina Republican state committees vote to cancel their respective primary/caucuses. Both of Trump's major challengers, Walsh and Weld, criticize the move.^[125]
  • Nineteen Democratic candidates appear at the New Hampshire Democratic state convention.^[126]
• September 8:
  • Former South Carolina governor and congressman Mark Sanford announces his candidacy for the Republican Party nomination, becoming Trump's third official primary challenger.^[127]
  • Gabbard, Steyer, and Yang attend the Asian American Pacific Islanders Progressive Democratic Presidential Forum at the Segerstrom Center for the Arts in Costa Mesa, California.^[128]
• September 9: The Arizona Republican Party officially notifies Arizona secretary of state Katie Hobbs that they will scrap the Arizona Republican primary.^[129]
• September 12: The third Democratic debate takes place at H&PE Arena on the campus of Texas Southern University in Houston, airing on ABC and Univision.^{[130] [131]}
• September 17: Six Democratic candidates appear at the Workers' Presidential Summit at the Pennsylvania Convention Center in Philadelphia.^[132]
• September 19–20: A Climate Forum, sponsored by MSNBC, takes place at Gaston Hall on the campus of Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.^{[133] [134]}
• September 20:
  • de Blasio becomes the eighth candidate to drop out of the Democratic primary, admitting that he had no chance of winning the nomination.^{[135] [136]}
  • Ten Democratic candidates appear at the LGBTQ Forum on the campus of Coe College in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.^{[137] [138]}
• September 21:
  • Buttigieg, Castro, Sanders, and Warren appear at the Iowa People's Presidential Forum at the Iowa Events Center in Des Moines, Iowa.^{[139] [140]}
  • The Alaska Republican Party officially scraps its state's Republican primary, stating it "would serve no useful purpose" because Trump is the incumbent president.^[141]
• September 22: Six Democratic candidates appear at the Youth Forum at Roosevelt High School in Des Moines, Iowa.^[142]
• September 24:
  • Nancy Pelosi, the speaker of the House of Representatives, announces the start of a formal impeachment inquiry against Trump.^[143]
  • Business Insider hosts a non-RNC-sanctioned debate between Walsh and Weld, streamed live on both their website and their Facebook Watch show Business Insider Today. Sanford and Trump decline to participate.^{[144] [145]}

October 2019

• October 1: Twelve candidates qualify for the fourth Democratic debate.^[146]
• October 2:
  • Sanders undergoes an unexpected heart surgery to treat a blocked artery, postponing his campaign events for at least a few days.^[147]
  • Nine Democratic candidates appear at the Gun Safety Forum in Las Vegas, Nevada^{[148] [149]}
• October 10: Nine Democratic candidates appear at the LGBTQ Forum in Los Angeles, California^{[150] [151] [152]}
• October 15: The fourth Democratic debate takes place at Otterbein University in Westerville, Ohio.^{[153] [154]}
• October 24: Ryan becomes the ninth candidate to drop out of the Democratic primary, deciding to instead run for another term as House representative of Ohio.^[155]
• October 25–27: At Benedict College in Columbia, South Carolina, the 20/20 Bipartisan Justice Center gives Trump an award for criminal justice reform. This causes Harris and several other Democratic candidates to threaten to boycott the Second Step Presidential Justice Forum, also being held at Benedict. Harris and the others then agree to rejoin the event after the 20/20 Bipartisan Justice Center removes its sponsorship of the forum.^{[156] [157]}
• October 26:
  • Sanford, Walsh, and Weld appear at Politicon 2019 in Nashville, Tennessee.^[158]
  • Several Democratic candidates appear at the People's Presidential Forum Nevada in Las Vegas, Nevada.^[159]
• October 28: Forbes sponsors a non-RNC-sanctioned debate between Sanford, Walsh, and Weld at the Masonic Temple in Detroit, Michigan.^[160]
• October 31:
  • The House of Representatives votes to establish procedures for public hearings in the Trump impeachment inquiry, with two Democrats and all Republicans voting against the measure.^{[161] [162]}
  • The Minnesota Republican Party submits its "determination of candidates" for its primary ballot to the Minnesota secretary of state, listing only Trump. Sanford and Walsh criticize the move for their exclusion from the Minnesota ballot.^[163] Minnesota Republican state party chairwoman Jennifer Carnahan claims that Trump was the only campaign to contact the state party for filing.^[164]

November 2019

• November 1:
  • O'Rourke becomes the tenth candidate to drop out of the Democratic primary, saying that he could not raise enough money to stay competitive in the race.^[165]
  • Several Democratic candidates appear at the Iowa Democratic Party's Liberty and Justice Celebration in Des Moines.^[166]
• November 3: Delaney, Gabbard, Williamson, and Weld appear at the non-partisan group No Labels's Problem Solver Convention in Manchester, New Hampshire.^{[167] [168]}
• November 8:
  • Former New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg files at the deadline to qualify for the Alabama Democratic primary, even though he is still thinking about officially entering the nationwide race.^[169]
  • Six Democratic candidates appear at the Environmental Justice Forum on the campus of South Carolina State University in Orangeburg, South Carolina.^[170]
• November 12: Sanford becomes the first major candidate to drop out of the Republican primary, blaming the Trump impeachment inquiry for making it impossible to raise other issues in the debate.^[171]
• November 13, 15, 19–21: The House Intelligence Committee holds public investigative hearings in the Trump impeachment inquiry.^{[172] [173]}
• November 13: Ten candidates qualify for the fifth Democratic debate.^[174]
• November 14: Former Massachusetts governor Deval Patrick announces his candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination, hours before filing for the New Hampshire primary.^[175]
• November 16: Eight Democratic candidates appear at the California Democratic Party's Fall Endorsing Convention at the Long Beach Convention and Entertainment Center in Long Beach, California.^[176]
• November 17:
  • The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is believed to have been contracted by a human being: a 55-year-old from Hubei province in China.^{[177] [178]}
  • Fourteen Democratic candidates appear at the Nevada Democratic Party's First in the West event at the Bellagio resort on the Las Vegas Strip.^[179]
• November 20:
  • The fifth Democratic debate takes place at Tyler Perry Studios in Atlanta.^{[180] [181]}
  • Messam becomes the eleventh candidate to drop out of the Democratic primary, citing poor poll numbers and inability to break through with voters.^[182]
• November 21:
  • Bloomberg announces the formation of an exploratory committee.^[183]
  • The California Supreme Court unanimously strikes down the July 30 state law that required presidential candidates to release their tax returns in order to qualify for the California primary ballot.^[184]
• November 24: Bloomberg officially enters the Democratic primary race. Because of his late entry, he decides to skip the first four contests (Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada and South Carolina) and instead starts aiming at those states holding primaries next on the schedule on Super Tuesday, March 3.^[185]

December 2019

• December 1: Sestak drops out of the Democratic primary, conceding that he could not gain traction after his relatively late entry into the contest.^[186]
• December 2: Bullock drops out of the Democratic primary, after struggling to gain enough money or garner enough support.^[187]
• December 3: Harris drops out of the Democratic primary, with her campaign running low on cash.^[188]
• December 7: Several Democratic candidates appear at the Teamsters Union Forum in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.^[189]
• December 10–13: The House Judiciary Committee unveils, holds hearings, and votes along party lines to send two articles of impeachment against Trump to the full House.^{[190] [191]}
• December 11: The Hawaii Republican Party officially scraps its state's Republican caucus, declaring Trump the winner by default, after he is the only candidate to declare for its ballot by the December 2 deadline. Because this is the first of the cancelled Republican state races that directly binds its delegates to the national convention (as opposed to a walking subcaucus-type system), Trump automatically is awarded his first pledged delegates of the nomination campaign.^{[192] [193] [194]}
• December 12: With the prospect of a Senate impeachment trial conflicting with the Democratic debate in January, the Democratic National Committee announces that they will work with the candidates to evaluate its options if they need to reschedule.^[195]
• December 13–17: After seven candidates qualify for the sixth Democratic debate, they all announce they will boycott it if an ongoing worker strike at its Loyola Marymount University venue in Los Angeles remains unresolved.^[196] This labor dispute is then resolved four days later, allowing the debate to proceed.^[197]
• December 14: Six Democratic candidates appear at the Public Education Forum in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.^[198]
• December 16: Gabbard, Patrick, Walsh, and Weld discuss mental health issues at the Unite for Mental Health: New Hampshire Town Hall in Manchester, New Hampshire.^[199]
• December 18: The full House of Representatives formally votes along party lines to impeach Trump. Gabbard, in her capacity as a House representative of Hawaii, is the lone congressperson to vote "present".^[200] A defiant Trump rallies supporters in Battle Creek, Michigan.^[201]
• December 19: The sixth Democratic debate takes place on the campus of Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles.^[202]

The primary and General Election campaigns

There are three main parts to every election year. The primaries, where delegates to the party's quadrennial convention are selected, the conventions themselves, and the Fall General election.

Post-election litigation and presidential transition

See main article: article and Timeline of the 2020 United States presidential election (November 2020–January 2021). The election was held on November 3, followed by a period of election litigation and attempts to overturn the election by the Trump campaign. There were 6 states targeted for voter fraud lawsuits: Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, all battleground states in the 2020 presidential election.

Out of 55 cases, 14 were dropped, 30 were dismissed, 6 ruled against, and 5 pending ongoing trial or appeal.

Texas v. Pennsylvania

See main article: article and Texas v. Pennsylvania.

On December 8, 2020, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton sued the states of Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin in order to invalidate the results of the presidential election in those states. The lawsuit was filed with the U.S. Supreme Court due to their jurisdiction over state disputes.^[203] Donald Trump referred to this case at "the big one" and 100 Republican representatives supported Texas. However, due to the lack of Article III standing, the case was dismissed by the Supreme Court.

On January 7, 2021, President Trump formally conceded the election after the Electoral College vote count.

Candidate participation timeline

Candidate announcement and, if applicable, withdrawal dates are as follows:

Political party
	Alliance Party
	American Solidarity Party
	Birthday Party
	Bread and Roses Party
	Constitution Party
	Democratic Party
	Green Party
	Independent
	Libertarian Party
	Progressive Party
	Prohibition Party
	Reform Party
	Republican Party
	Party for Socialism and Liberation
	Socialist Action
	Socialist Equality Party
	Socialist Workers Party
	Veterans Party of America
	Exploratory committee
Events
	Midterm elections
	Iowa caucuses
	Super Tuesday
	COVID-19 pandemic emergency declaration
	Election Day
	Inauguration Day

External links

• Election 2020 Presidential Primaries, Caucuses, and Conventions at The Green Papers
• Ballotpedia's Daily Presidential News Briefing

Election litigation trackers

• 2020 Election Litigation Tracker at SCOTUSblog
• COVID-Related Election Litigation Tracker at the Stanford-MIT Healthy Elections Project
• Voting Rights Litigation 2020 at the Brennan Center for Justice

Notes and References

1. News: Superville. Darlene. Riechmann. Deb. Outside of Washington, Trump slips back into campaign mode. Fox News. Associated Press. March 5, 2017. West Palm Beach, Florida. February 18, 2017. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143552/https://www.foxnews.com/us/outside-of-washington-trump-slips-back-into-campaign-mode. live.
2. News: Delaney announces campaign for president, becomes first to challenge Trump . . July 28, 2017 . December 11, 2018 . John . Fritze.
3. Web site: John Delaney's Presidential Campaign Announcement is the Earliest in History. Daily Kos. August 3, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143625/https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2017/7/29/1685409/-John-Delaney-s-Presidential-Campaign-Announcement-is-the-Earliest-in-History. live.
4. News: Here's how 2020 Democrats announced their campaigns. CNN. February 13, 2019. Schwarz. Hunter. December 28, 2020. March 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190308010007/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/03/politics/2020-dem-announcements/index.html. live.
5. Web site: Hours after declaring candidacy, presidential hopeful arrested in Wise County. January 19, 2018. Ramirez, Marc. October 6, 2019. The Dallas Morning News. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143554/https://www.dallasnews.com/news/2018/01/20/hours-after-declaring-candidacy-presidential-hopeful-arrested-in-wise-county/. live.
6. Web site: He announced his candidacy for president. 30 minutes later, he was arrested. Hanna, Bill. January 18, 2018. October 6, 2019. Fort Worth Star-Telegram. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143607/https://www.star-telegram.com/news/local/fort-worth/article195357574.html. live.
7. News: Republican Party nixes debate committee ahead of 2020. Berg . Rebecca. CNN. May 3, 2018.
8. Web site: Controversialist Arvin Vohra Announces 2020 Libertarian Presidential Run. Welch, Matt. July 6, 2018. October 6, 2019. Reason. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143554/https://reason.com/2018/07/06/controversialist-arvin-vohra-announces-2/. live.
9. Web site: GOP picks Charlotte for 2020 convention. Now, the fundraising and organizing begin.. July 20, 2018. Jim. Morill. The Charlotte Observer. July 24, 2018. August 21, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180821100751/https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/rnc-2020/article215204290.html. live.
10. News: APNewsBreak: DNC, TV networks discuss presidential debates. August 25, 2018. Associated Press. December 28, 2020. November 25, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181125204151/https://www.apnews.com/5068444bc8d549229b1c2b8fb079055b. live.
11. News: DNC advances changes to presidential nominating process. USA TODAY. August 11, 2018. August 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180812023551/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2018/03/10/dnc-advances-changes-presidential-nominating-process/413876002/. live.
12. News: Skelley . Geoffrey . Why Did The House Get Bluer And The Senate Get Redder? . November 16, 2018 . FiveThirtyEight . November 16, 2018 . November 8, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108183931/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-did-the-house-get-bluer-and-the-senate-get-redder/ . live .
13. News: Trump says Pence to be his running mate in 2020. November 7, 2018. Reuters.
14. News: State Senator Richard Ojeda to run for President in 2020 . WSAZ News Staff . November 11, 2018 . . Huntington, West Virginia . December 5, 2018 . November 16, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181116031635/https://www.wsaz.com/content/news/State-Senator-Richard-Ojeda-to-run-for-President-in-2020-500248782.html . live .
15. News: Julian Castro Forming Presidential Exploratory Committee. Weber. Paul. December 12, 2018. December 12, 2018. Bloomberg.
16. News: Elizabeth Warren launches exploratory committee ahead of likely 2020 presidential run . MJ . Lee . Gregory . Krieg . December 31, 2018 . CNN . December 31, 2018 . December 31, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181231133422/https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/31/politics/elizabeth-warren-exploratory-committee-2020/index.html . live .
17. News: Tulsi Gabbard says she will run for president in 2020. Kelly. Caroline. January 11, 2019. Cnn.com. en-US. January 11, 2019. January 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190111233547/https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/11/politics/tulsi-gabbard-van-jones/index.html. live.
18. News: Kirsten Gillibrand, New York Senator, Joins Democratic Race for President. Goldmacher. Shane. January 15, 2019. The New York Times. December 28, 2020. January 16, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190116024027/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/15/us/politics/gillibrand-president-election.html. live.
19. News: Sen. Kamala Harris announces she will run for president in 2020. January 21, 2019. Adam. Kelsey. ABC News. December 28, 2020. January 21, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190121223318/https://abcnews.go.com/beta-story-container/Politics/sen-kamala-harris-announces-run-president-2020/story?id=60472358. live.
20. Web site: South Bend Mayor Pete Buttigieg launches presidential exploratory committee, could be nation's first openly gay nominee. ABC News. 2019-01-23. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143633/https://abcnews.go.com/beta-story-container/Politics/south-bend-mayor-pete-buttigieg-announces-presidential-exploratory/story?id=60543998. live.
21. News: Rodrigo. Chris. Dem Richard Ojeda drops out of presidential race. January 25, 2019. January 25, 2019. The Hill. January 25, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190125215701/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/427009-ojeda-drops-out-of-presidential-race. live.
22. Web site: Republican Party to Express 'Undivided Support' for Trump. VOA. January 23, 2019 . December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143556/https://www.voanews.com/usa/us-politics/republican-party-express-undivided-support-trump. live.
23. Web site: Former Starbucks Chairman Howard Schultz Announces Potential Presidential Bid on '60 Minutes'. The Hollywood Reporter. January 27, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143628/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/democrats-are-uneasy-howard-schultzs-potential-presidential-bid-1179776. live.
24. Web site: Running Starbucks Doesn't Mean You Should Run for President. Whitney. Filloon. January 28, 2019. Eater.com. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143651/https://www.eater.com/2019/1/28/18201052/howard-schultz-president-2020-independent-candidate. live.
25. Web site: Howard Schultz tried to deflect criticism of his presidential flirtation. He only made things worse.. Motherjones.com. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143607/https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/01/howard-schultz-backlash-presidential-campaign/. live.
26. News: Marianne Williamson: Can A Presidential Bid Fueled By Love Transcend The Politics Of Fear?. Warrell. Margie. January 29, 2019. Forbes. January 28, 2019. January 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190129091633/https://www.forbes.com/sites/margiewarrell/2019/01/29/marianne-williamson-can-love-transcend-fear/#3d1050ea141b. live.
27. Web site: Sen. Cory Booker of New Jersey Launches Presidential Campaign. Ken. Thomas. February 1, 2019. February 1, 2019. Wsj.com. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143608/https://www.wsj.com/articles/sen-cory-booker-of-new-jersey-launches-presidential-campaign-11549022453. live.
28. News: Elizabeth Warren officially kicks off bid for White House. Associated Press. February 9, 2019. February 9, 2019. February 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190209232532/https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-elizabeth-warren-20190209-story.html. live.
29. News: Sen. Amy Klobuchar has won every one of her elections by huge margins. Now she's running for president.. Tara. Golshan. Vox. December 28, 2020. February 10, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190210203324/https://www.vox.com/2019/2/10/18136170/amy-klobuchar-running-president-announcement. live.
30. News: The 50 most eye-popping lines from Donald Trump's El Paso speech. Chris. Cillizza. Cnn.com. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143643/https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/12/politics/donald-trump-el-paso-beto-orourke/index.html. live.
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35. News: Washington Gov. Jay Inslee announces 2020 presidential bid. CNN. March 1, 2019. March 1, 2019. March 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190303004005/https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/01/politics/inslee-2020-presidential-campaign/index.html. live.
36. News: John Hickenlooper Says He Is Running in 2020, Citing a 'Crisis of Division'. The New York Times . New York Times. March 4, 2019. March 4, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143629/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/04/us/john-hickenlooper-2020.html. live . Turkewitz . Julie .
37. News: Michael Bloomberg Will Not Run for President in 2020. The New York Times . New York Times. March 5, 2019. March 5, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143629/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/05/us/politics/michael-bloomberg-2020.html. live . Burns . Alexander .
38. Web site: Politico Playbook: 2020 presidential hopefuls gather at SXSW in Austin. Anna. Palmer. Jake. Sherman. Daniel. Lippman. Politi.co. March 10, 2019 . March 14, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143630/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook/2019/03/10/2020-presidential-hopefuls-gather-at-sxsw-in-austin-406511. live.
39. News: Milwaukee chosen as 2020 Democratic National Convention site . John . Verhovek . ABC News . March 11, 2019 . March 11, 2019 . March 10, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200310124920/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/milwaukee-chosen-2020-democratic-national-convention-site/story?id=61606127 . live .
40. Web site: Democratic Florida mayor launching 2020 presidential exploratory committee. Michael. Burke. March 13, 2019. Thehill.com. March 14, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143631/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/433890-democratic-florida-mayor-launching-2020-presidential-exploratory-committee. live.
41. Web site: Beto O'Rourke Confirms He's Running for President in 2020: 'This Is a Defining Moment of Truth'. People.com. March 14, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143645/https://people.com/politics/beto-orourke-running-president-2020/. live.
42. News: Kirsten Gillibrand Officially Enters 2020 Democratic Race. Shane. Goldmacher. The New York Times. March 17, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143651/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/17/us/politics/gillibrand-2020-announce.html. live.
43. News: Merica. Dan. Florida Mayor Wayne Messam announces 2020 presidential bid. CNN. March 28, 2019. March 28, 2019. March 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190328160240/https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/28/politics/wayne-messam-announces-2020-bid/index.html. live.
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46. News: Progressive groups to host April summit with 2020 candidates. Saenz. Arlette. March 26, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190320215117/https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/20/politics/progressive-summit-2020/index.html. March 20, 2019. live. CNN.
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49. Web site: Presidential candidates try to resonate with black voters at the National Action Network Convention. April 5, 2019. ABC News. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143633/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/presidential-candidates-resonate-black-voters-national-action-network/story?id=62138159. live.
50. Web site: Ohio Rep. Tim Ryan throws his name into growing 2020 field. April 4, 2019. NBC. Ali Vitali. December 28, 2020. April 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404164934/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/ohio-rep-tim-ryan-throws-his-name-growing-2020-field-n990841. live.
51. Web site: "I'm Mike Gravel, and I'm running for President." Together, we are the #Gravelanche. Get Mike to the debates and get this trending! Welcome to the #Gravelanche.. https://web.archive.org/web/20210308033603/https://twitter.com/MikeGravel/status/1115298261215014912. dead. March 8, 2021. Gravel. Mike. 2019-04-08. @MikeGravel. en. 2019-04-08.
52. News: Tolan. Casey. Eric Swalwell jumps into presidential race with long-shot White House bid. The Mercury News. April 8, 2019. April 8, 2019. April 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408231527/https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/04/08/eric-swalwell-presidential-announcement-california/. live.
53. Web site: Pete Buttigieg, little-known mayor turned presidential contender, makes historic bid. Karson. Gomez. Kendall. Justin. April 14, 2019. ABC News. April 14, 2019. April 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190414101148/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/mayor-presidential-contender-pete-buttigieg-officially-enter-2020/story?id=62345455. live.
54. Web site: Bill Weld officially announces he is challenging Trump for GOP nomination in 2020. CNN. April 15, 2019. December 28, 2020. April 15, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190415211525/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/15/politics/bill-weld-2020-trump/. live.
55. News: Rep. Seth Moulton is latest Democrat to enter 2020 field. April 22, 2019. April 22, 2019. Seitz-Wald. Alex. NBC News. April 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190422133700/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/rep-seth-moulton-latest-democrat-enter-2020-field-n996881. live.
56. Web site: First-ever forum on women of color for presidential contenders. March 26, 2019 . NBC News. https://web.archive.org/web/20190327020324/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/first-ever-forum-women-color-presidential-contenders-n987181. March 27, 2019. live. March 26, 2019.
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58. News: Burns . Alexander . Joe Biden Is Running for President, After Months of Hesitation . The New York Times . April 25, 2019 . April 25, 2019 . April 25, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190425100809/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/25/us/politics/joe-biden-2020.html . live .
59. Web site: Top 2020 Democrats booked for Las Vegas labor forum in April. March 27, 2019 . NBC News. https://web.archive.org/web/20190328032459/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/top-2020-democrats-booked-las-vegas-labor-forum-april-n987686. March 28, 2019. live. March 27, 2019.
60. Web site: National Forum on Wages and Working People: Creating an Economy that Works for All. CAPAF and SEIU. https://web.archive.org/web/20190424203122/https://www.workersforum.org/. April 24, 2019. live. April 24, 2019.
61. Web site: Gregorian . Dareh . Colorado Sen. Bennet enters presidential race after prostate cancer treatment . NBC News . May 2, 2019 . May 2, 2019 . en . May 2, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190502230609/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/colorado-sen-bennet-enters-presidential-race-after-prostrate-cancer-treatment-n1000971 . live .
62. News: AP source: Barr launches new look at origins of Russia probe. Associated Press. May 14, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143632/https://apnews.com/article/75e5c4efd5c74e6e9aa1ba0237a0e651. live.
63. News: Steve Bullock, Montana Governor, Is Running for President. Martin. Jonathan. 2019-05-14. The New York Times. 2019-05-14. en-US. 0362-4331. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143633/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/14/us/politics/steve-bullock-2020.html. live.
64. News: New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio to announce his 2020 presidential bid. ABC News. Beatrice Peterson, Zohreen Shah and Justin Gomez. May 15, 2019. May 15, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143634/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/york-city-mayor-bill-de-blasio-announce-2020/story?id=63007952. live.
65. Web site: Rocky De La Fuente presidential campaign, 2020. Ballotpedia. December 28, 2020. February 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200203224703/https://ballotpedia.org/Roque_De_La_Fuente_presidential_campaign,_2020. live.
66. Web site: Howie Hawkins will seek Green nomination for president. May 28, 2019. October 6, 2019. Times Union. May 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190529005905/https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Howie-Hawkins-will-seek-Green-nomination-for-13900737.php. live.
67. Web site: Bernie Sanders blasts Trump as 'racist' at forum on immigration. USA Today. https://web.archive.org/web/20190601032804/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2019/05/31/bernie-sanders-blasts-trump-as-racist-over-immigration-in-california/1306282001/. June 1, 2019. live. June 8, 2019.
68. Web site: Unity & Freedom Presidential Forum. FIRM Action. https://web.archive.org/web/20190604001406/https://firmaction.org/presidentialforum. June 4, 2019. live. June 8, 2019.
69. Web site: 2019 California Democratic Party State Convention, May 31 - June 2, 2019. California Democratic Party. December 28, 2020. July 25, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190725174325/https://www.cadem.org/events/2019-california-democratic-party-state-convention-may-31-june-2-2019. dead.
70. Web site: 14 Democratic presidential candidates give California its Cinderella moment. Mark Z.. Barabak. Melanie. Mason. Los Angeles Times. June 3, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143726/https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-2020-democratic-candidates-president-california-party-convention-20190603-story.html. live.
71. News: Joe Biden's rift with progressives on display as he skips California Democratic convention. Eric. Bradner. CNN. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143635/https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/03/politics/2020-democrats-california-progressives-joe-biden/index.html. live.
72. Web site: Biden gambles on high-risk primary strategy. Natasha. Korecki. Marc. Caputo. POLITICO. June 10, 2019 . December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143636/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/10/joe-biden-democrats-2020-strategy-1358530. live.
73. Web site: MoveOn to host Democratic candidate forum in June. May 9, 2019. Politico. https://web.archive.org/web/20190509143816/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/05/09/moveon-democratic-candidate-forum-1313150. May 9, 2019. live. May 9, 2019.
74. Web site: 19 Democratic Presidential Candidates Speak At Iowa Dinner. Tim. Hains. June 9, 2019. www.realclearpolitics.com. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143655/https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2019/06/09/watch_live_19_democratic_presidential_candidates_speak_in_iowa.html. live.
75. News: DNC names 20 candidates who will appear on stage for first Democratic debate. Adam. Edelman. NBC News. June 13, 2019. June 15, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143729/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/dnc-names-20-candidates-who-will-appear-stage-first-democratic-n1017316. live.
76. Web site: Democratic presidential candidate forum announced for Charleston in June on BET. The Post and Courier. May 13, 2019. May 13, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190513182652/https://www.postandcourier.com/politics/democratic-presidential-candidate-forum-announced-for-charleston-in-june-on/article_0c9a1508-6b6d-11e9-9896-07a5f77c37f2.html. May 13, 2019. live.
77. Web site: Presidential Candidates Forum. Black Economic Alliance. https://web.archive.org/web/20190609005211/https://blackeconomicalliance.org/events/presidential-candidates-forum/. June 9, 2019. live. June 8, 2019.
78. Web site: 2020 candidates to face questions from low-income Americans at forum. June 15, 2019 . CBS News. https://web.archive.org/web/20190616015548/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/2020-candidates-to-face-questions-from-low-income-americans-at-forum-poor-peoples-campaign/. June 16, 2019. live. June 15, 2019.
79. Web site: The Poor People's Moral Action Congress. Poor People's Campaign: A National Call for a Moral Revival. https://web.archive.org/web/20190616025214/https://www.poorpeoplescampaign.org/tickets/. June 16, 2019. live. June 15, 2019.
80. Web site: Trump announces campaign kickoff rally. Monica. Alba. NBC News. June 18, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143658/https://www.nbcnews.com/card/trump-announces-campaign-kickoff-rally-n1012656. live.
81. Web site: Democrats take their message to Latinos at political conference. June 21, 2019 . NBC News. https://web.archive.org/web/20190622020536/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/democrats-take-their-message-latinos-political-conference-n1020346. June 22, 2019. live. June 23, 2019.
82. Web site: U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders and Mayor Pete Buttigieg to Attend NALEO Presidential Candidate Forum at Telemundo Center in Miami. NALEO. https://web.archive.org/web/20190623031543/https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/naleo/pages/134/attachments/original/1560366826/6_6_19_-_NALEO_Release_-_Presidential_Forum_-_Sanders_and_Buttigieg_-_FINAL.pdf?1560366826. June 23, 2019. live. June 23, 2019.
83. Web site: 2019 South Carolina Democratic Weekend. July 17, 2019. July 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190717065817/https://scdemweekend.com/. live.
84. News: Democratic candidates make nice, try to stand out in South Carolina convention. Janes. Chelsea. June 22, 2019. The Washington Post. July 17, 2019. June 24, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190624195119/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/democratic-candidates-make-nice-try-to-stand-out-in-south-carolina-convention/2019/06/22/0a2c5602-943d-11e9-aadb-74e6b2b46f6a_story.html. live.
85. News: Planned Parenthood to Host Women's Health Forum for 2020 Democrats. The New York Times . June 12, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190612155612/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/12/us/politics/planned-parenthood-2020-democrats.html. June 12, 2019. live. June 15, 2019 . Lerer . Lisa .
86. Web site: We Decide: Planned Parenthood Action Fund 2020 Election Membership Forum to Focus on Abortion and Reproductive Rights. Planned Parenthood Action Fund. https://web.archive.org/web/20190616035351/https://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/pressroom/we-decide-planned-parenthood-action-fund-2020-election-membership-forum-to-focus-on-abortion-and-reproductive-rights. June 16, 2019. live. June 15, 2019.
87. News: Olson. Laura. Former Pennsylvania Congressman Joe Sestak announces presidential bid. The Morning Call. June 23, 2019. June 23, 2019. April 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417202559/https://www.mcall.com/news/pennsylvania/capitol-ideas/mc-nws-pa-joe-sestak-announces-run-for-president-20190623-bmsevkhpizcyril3jbfclqhk7a-story.html. live.
88. News: Judd. Donald. Former Pennsylvania Democratic Rep. Joe Sestak declares run for president in surprise announcement. CNN. June 23, 2019. June 23, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143748/https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/23/politics/joe-sestak-president-campaign/index.html. live.
89. News: Johnson . Ted . DNC Announces Plan for 12 Presidential Primary Debates; First Slated for June . . December 20, 2018 . December 20, 2018.
90. Web site: NBC News: First Democratic debate set for Miami, June 26–27. NBC News. Allan Smith. March 28, 2019. March 28, 2019. March 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190328212147/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/nbc-news-first-democratic-debate-set-miami-june-26-27-n988481. live.
91. Web site: REP. MAX ABRAMSON ANNOUNCES PRESIDENTIAL BID--BRING THE TROOPS HOME. June 30, 2019. October 6, 2019. Abramson, Max. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143640/http://www.maxabramson.org/home/june-30th-2019. live.
92. Web site: Seabrook's Abramson seeks Libertarian presidential nomination. July 28, 2019. October 6, 2019. Sullivan, Max. The Portsmouth Herald. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143648/https://www.seacoastonline.com/news/20190728/seabrooks-abramson-seeks-libertarian-presidential-nomination. live.
93. Web site: Teachers union rolls out plans for 2020 forum in Houston. Gaudiano. Nicole. June 14, 2019. Politico. June 14, 2019. June 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190614163412/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/14/teachers-union-rolls-out-plans-for-2020-forum-in-houston-1365388. live.
94. Web site: NEA Announces #StrongPublicSchools Presidential Forum. National Education Association. https://web.archive.org/web/20190616041312/http://www.nea.org/home/75033.htm. June 16, 2019. live. June 15, 2019.
95. News: Eric Swalwell ends presidential bid after failing to gain traction. Rebecca Buck. Dan Merica. Kate Sullivan. CNN. 2019-07-09. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143648/https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/08/politics/eric-swalwell-ends-campaign/index.html. live.
96. News: Burns . Alexander . Tom Steyer Will Run for President and Plans to Spend $100 Million on His Bid . July 9, 2019 . July 9, 2019 . The New York Times . July 9, 2019 . June 12, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200612181950/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/09/us/politics/tom-steyer-president.html . live .
97. Web site: LULAC Presidential Town Hall . League of United Latin American Citizens . July 15, 2019 . July 12, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190712102736/https://lulac.org/convention19/lulac_presidential_town_hall_closed/ . live .
98. Web site: LULAC Presidential Candidates Forum . C-SPAN . July 15, 2019 . July 12, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190712015210/https://www.c-span.org/video/?462452-1%2Fdemocratic-presidential-candidates-speak-league-united-latin-american-citizens-forum . live .
99. News: Krieg . Gregory . Elizabeth Warren headlines liberal gathering as other top 2020 contenders skip Netroots . July 14, 2019 . July 13, 2019 . CNN . July 14, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190714021446/https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/13/politics/elizabeth-warren-netroots-nation-2019-progressive-convention/index.html . live .
100. Web site: Get Tickets – AARP and The Des Moines Register Iowa Presidential Candidate Forums. AARP Iowa. July 9, 2019. July 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190709182854/https://states.aarp.org/iowa/aarp-and-the-des-moines-register-announce-iowa-presidential-candidate-forums. live.
101. News: Here are the lineups for the next Democratic debate. July 18, 2019. The New York Times. Matt Stevens. July 22, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143656/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/18/us/politics/next-democratic-debate-cnn.html. live.
102. Web site: 2020 Presidential Candidates Forum. NAACP. July 18, 2019. July 19, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190719045750/https://naacp.org/candidatesforum/. live.
103. News: California governor signs bill requiring presidential candidates to submit tax returns . CNN . July 30, 2019 . December 28, 2020 . December 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143656/https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/30/politics/california-presidential-tax-returns-trump-2020/index.html . live .
104. News: CNN's 2020 Democratic debate set for July 30-31 in Detroit. April 2, 2019. CNN. Devan Cole. April 3, 2019. April 13, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190413014941/https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/02/politics/cnn-2020-democratic-debate-july-detroit/index.html. live.
105. Web site: Mike Gravel's 2020 campaign is closing up shop. ABC. Sruthi Palaniappan and Cheyenne Haslett. ABC News. August 2, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143656/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/long-shot-candidate-mike-gravels-campaign-closing-shop/story?id=64706997. live.
106. Web site: 2020 Public Service Forum. KSNV. July 30, 2019. July 30, 2019. August 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190802201108/https://news3lv.com/politics/presidential-candidates-flock-to-las-vegas-for-public-service-forum-campaign-events. live.
107. Web site: Voters sue California over tax return law targeting Trump. The Hill. August 5, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143659/https://thehill.com/policy/finance/456250-voters-sue-california-over-tax-return-law-targeting-trump. live.
108. Web site: New GOP lawsuits challenge Newsom on Trump tax bill. Politico. August 6, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143706/https://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2019/08/06/new-gop-lawsuits-challenge-newsom-on-trump-tax-bill-1132143. live.
109. Web site: Fair Schedule. Iowa State Fair. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143659/https://www.iowastatefair.org/entertainment/fair-schedule/. live.
110. Web site: 17 presidential candidates will attend Saturday's gun forum in Des Moines. Here's what to expect.. Des Moines Register. August 7, 2019. Robin Opsahl. March 18, 2021. https://archive.today/20210318193634/https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/elections/presidential/caucus/2019/08/07/gun-mass-shootings-regulation-iowa-el-paso-dayton-policy-presidential-everytown-2020-trump-democrats/1946231001/. live.
111. News: Briana. Stewart. John Hickenlooper ends 2020 White House bid. ABC News. August 15, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143659/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/john-hickenlooper-end-2020-white-house-bid/story?id=64974362. live.
112. News: Jay . Greene . Biden wins Iowa State Fair straw poll . KCRG-TV . August 19, 2019 . December 28, 2020 . December 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143700/https://www.kcrg.com/content/news/Biden-wins-Iowa-State-Fair-straw-poll-554351921.html . live .
113. Web site: Biden edges Warren in Iowa state fair straw poll. The Hill. August 20, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143700/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/458087-biden-edges-warren-in-iowa-state-fair-straw-poll. live.
114. Web site: Sioux City's Orpheum to host presidential candidate forum on Native American issues in August. Sioux City Journal. August 5, 2019. Mason Dockter. July 7, 2019 . August 5, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190805161214/https://siouxcityjournal.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/sioux-city-s-orpheum-to-host-presidential-candidate-forum-on/article_e2b1b41c-32f1-524d-8c2e-f840859e4057.html. live.
115. Web site: Jay Inslee drops out of the 2020 presidential race. August 21, 2019. August 21, 2019. Dareh Gregorian. NBC News. June 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200613132406/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/jay-inslee-drops-out-2020-presidential-race-n1045066. live.
116. News: Jay Inslee, Dropping Out of 2020 Race, Will Run for Governor Again. August 22, 2019. August 22, 2019. Alexander Burns and Matt Steven. The New York Times. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143711/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/21/us/politics/jay-inslee-2020-campaign.html. live.
117. News: Seth Moulton to end 2020 presidential election bid. August 23, 2019. August 23, 2019. Dan Merica. CNN. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143700/https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/23/politics/seth-moulton-drops-out-2020-race/index.html. live.
118. Web site: 'This Week' Exclusive: Joe Walsh announces Republican primary challenge against Trump. August 25, 2019. ABC News. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143701/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/exclusive-joe-walsh-announces-republican-primary-challenge-president/story?id=65122073. live.
119. Web site: Gillibrand exits presidential race. August 28, 2019. Politico. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143711/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/08/28/gillibrand-exits-presidential-race-1477644. live.
120. Web site: Democratic debate stage to shrink barring last-minute shock. August 28, 2019. Politico. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143709/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/08/28/september-democratic-debate-one-night-1476645. live.
121. Web site: DNC throws Iowa, Nevada caucuses into confusion. August 31, 2019. Politico. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143711/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/08/30/iowa-dnc-caucus-1479172. live.
122. News: Climate Change Townhall. CNN. July 25, 2019. July 26, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190726002154/https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/25/politics/cnn-climate-crisis-town-hall/index.html. live.
123. News: CNN announces details for climate crisis town hall. CNN. September 4, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143707/https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/27/politics/cnn-climate-crisis-town-hall-democrats/index.html. live.
124. Web site: Howard Schultz drops plans to run as independent candidate in 2020. CNN. September 6, 2019. September 6, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143719/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/06/politics/howard-schultz-presidential-campaign-2020/index.html. live.
125. News: Nevada, SC, Kansas GOP drop presidential nomination votes. Meg. Kinnard. Associated Press. September 7, 2019. December 28, 2020. April 24, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200424230134/https://apnews.com/7e04964fc89a4312a6b410096f256add. live.
126. News: Elizabeth Warren Stands Out at New Hampshire Democratic Party Convention. Katie. Glueck. The New York Times. September 7, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143714/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/07/us/politics/democrats-new-hampshire.html. live.
127. News: Mark Sanford Will Challenge Trump in Republican Primary. New York Times. September 8, 2019. December 28, 2020. May 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200530180811/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/08/us/politics/mark-sanford-president.html. live.
128. Web site: Three Democratic presidential hopefuls state their case at forum in Costa Mesa. Zint. Bradley. September 8, 2019. Los Angeles Times. September 9, 2019. September 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190909093551/https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/story/2019-09-08/three-democratic-presidential-hopefuls-costa-mesa. live.
129. News: Arizona GOP won't hold 2020 presidential preference election. KTAR. September 9, 2019. September 12, 2019. Kevin Stone. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143710/https://ktar.com/story/2734796/arizona-gop-wont-hold-2020-presidential-preference-election/. live.
130. Web site: DNC Raises Requirements to Qualify for Third Presidential Debate . Shin . Bryan . May 30, 2019 . FinancialBuzz . May 31, 2019 . December 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143721/https://www.financialbuzz.com/dnc-raises-requirements-to-qualify-for-third-presidential-debate/ . live .
131. News: TSU Selected as Venue for Democratic Primary Debate. Texas Southern University. July 21, 2019. July 22, 2019. July 21, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190721221904/http://www.tsu.edu/news/2019/07/tsu-venue-for-dem-primary-debate.html. live.
132. Web site: Biden, Sanders Among 6 Democratic Presidential Candidates in Philly on Tuesday. Sasko. Claire. September 17, 2019. Philadelphia Magazine. September 18, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143722/https://www.phillymag.com/news/2019/09/17/presidential-summit/. live.
133. Web site: In a historic first, two climate forums announced for 2020 Democratic candidates. E. A. Crunden. ThinkProgress. July 26, 2019. August 3, 2019. August 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190803171150/https://thinkprogress.org/democrats-climate-debate-forum-sunrise-movement-dnc-cnn-msnbc-56d099e7748c/. live.
134. News: The Energy 202: Four big takeaways from the MSNBC climate change town hall. Washington Post. September 20, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143734/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-energy-202/2019/09/20/the-energy-202-four-big-takeways-from-the-msnbc-climate-change-town-hall/5d83b04b88e0fa0ba8961cad/. live.
135. News: De Blasio drops out of 2020 presidential race. CNN. September 20, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143728/https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/20/politics/bill-de-blasio-ends-presidential-campaign/index.html. live.
136. Web site: Bill de Blasio ends 2020 presidential campaign. Politico. September 20, 2019. December 28, 2020. April 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417202726/https://www.politico.com/story/2019/09/20/bill-de-blasio-ends-2020-presidential-campaign-1506011. live.
137. News: 2020 Presidential LGBTQ Forum Gets Support From GLAAD, Live Stream. August 28, 2019. The Advocate. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143745/https://www.advocate.com/politics/2019/8/28/2020-presidential-lgbtq-forum-gets-support-glaad-livestream-date. live.
138. News: 2 winners and 3 losers from the LGBTQ presidential forum. September 20, 2019. Vox. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143734/https://www.vox.com/identities/2019/9/21/20876742/lgbtq-presidential-forum-winners-losers. live.
139. Web site: People's Presidential Forums. January 28, 2019. People's Action. en-US. July 26, 2019. August 1, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190801080346/https://peoplesaction.org/peoples-presidential-forums/. live.
140. News: A warm reception for liberal presidential candidates, lion's den for moderates at CCI forum in Iowa. September 21, 2019. Des Moines Register. December 28, 2020.
141. News: Alaska GOP scraps 2020 presidential primary, helping Trump. Associated Press. ABC News. September 21, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143737/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/alaska-gop-scraps-2020-presidential-primary-helping-trump-65773870. live.
142. Web site: DMPS, Register Host Youth Forum for Presidential Candidates. September 11, 2019. Des Moines Public Schools. September 22, 2019. September 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190922022319/https://www.dmschools.org/news_release/dmps-register-sponsor-youth-voice-forum-presidential-candidates/. live.
143. News: Pelosi announces impeachment inquiry, says Trump's courting of foreign political help is a 'betrayal of national security'. Bade. Rachael. September 24, 2019. The Washington Post. September 24, 2019. DeBonis. Mike. September 24, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190924201421/https://www.washingtonpost.com/powerpost/pelosi-top-democrats-privately-discuss-creation-of-select-committee-for-impeachment/2019/09/24/af6f735a-dedf-11e9-b199-f638bf2c340f_story.html. live.
144. News: Long-shot GOP primary challengers to have their own debate this month – minus Trump. Paul Steinhauser. Fox News. September 12, 2019. September 11, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143732/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/long-shot-gop-presidential-primary-challengers-to-face-off-in-debate-this-month. live.
145. Web site: How to watch the first-ever 2020 Republican presidential debate. Grace. Panetta. Business Insider. September 17, 2019. September 20, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143736/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-watch-republican-presidential-debate-2019-9. live.
146. Web site: Who Has — And Hasn't — Qualified For The October Democratic Debate. FiveThirtyEight. October 1, 2019. October 1, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143738/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/whos-in-and-whos-out-of-the-october-debate/. live.
147. News: Bernie Sanders undergoes unexpected heart procedure, postpones campaign events for at least a few days. Washington Post. October 2, 2019. October 2, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143753/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/10/02/4bf1660a-e522-11e9-a331-2df12d56a80b_story.html. live.
148. Web site: Gun violence forum hosted in Las Vegas, day after second anniversary of Las Vegas massacre.. August 1, 2019. PBS. December 28, 2020. August 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190804050529/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/gun-safety-groups-to-host-presidential-forum. live.
149. News: 2020 candidates convene on gun safety forum on the heels of Las Vegas shooting anniversary. ABC News. October 2, 2019. October 2, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143758/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/2020-candidates-convene-gun-safety-forum-heels-las/story?id=65980074. live.
150. Web site: UCLA and Human Rights Campaign to host 2020 presidential candidates forum. UCLA. December 28, 2020. August 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190804205520/http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-human-rights-campaign-2020-presidential-candidates-forum. live.
151. Web site: Democratic presidential forum on LGBTQ issues will be held in California. March 19, 2019. San Francisco Chronicle. https://web.archive.org/web/20190319232511/https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/California-to-host-Democratic-presidential-debate-13698482.php. March 19, 2019. live. March 26, 2019.
152. News: Democratic 2020 hopefuls tout LGBTQ plans at town hall. The Hill. October 10, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143759/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/465347-democratic-2020-hopefuls-push-lgbtq-agenda-at-town-hall. live.
153. Web site: Here's everything you need to know about the October debate. Tara. Golsha. September 13, 2019. Vox. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143742/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/9/12/20859539/democratic-debate-october-2019. live.
154. News: October Democratic debate to take place on one night. Kyle Blaine. CNN. September 27, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143744/https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/27/politics/democratic-debate-october-one-night/index.html. live.
155. News: Tim Ryan ends presidential campaign. Dan Merica. October 24, 2019. CNN. October 24, 2019. November 25, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191125202455/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/24/politics/tim-ryan-ends-campaign/index.html. live.
156. News: Blowback from Trump appearance throws HBCU forum into chaos. October 26, 2019. Politico. October 26, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143803/https://www.politico.com/news/2019/10/26/trump-kamala-harris-sc-criminal-justice-forum-058333. live.
157. News: Bipartisan group removed from justice forum after protest from Harris and college students. October 26, 2019. CNN. October 26, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143745/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/26/politics/kamala-harris-trump-criminal-justice/index.html. live.
158. News: 'Never Trump' GOP presidential candidate Joe Walsh says Republicans should consider a Democratic running mate. Natalie. Allison. October 26, 2019. The Tennessean. October 26, 2019. March 17, 2021. https://archive.today/20210317235417/https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2019/10/26/joe-walsh-mark-sanford-bill-weld-republican-candidates-politicon-nashville/4078052002/. live.
159. News: Democratic candidates make their cases at presidential forum in east Las Vegas. Jeremy. Chen. October 26, 2019. KTNV. October 26, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143802/https://www.ktnv.com/news/democratic-candidates-make-their-cases-at-presidential-forum-in-east-las-vegas. live.
160. Web site: Forbes Under 30 Summit in Detroit to Feature Republican Presidential Candidate Debate. October 26, 2019. Forbes. October 29, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143822/https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbespr/2019/10/25/forbes-under-30-summit-in-detroit-to-feature-republican-presidential-candidate-debate/#7e4635c639bc. live.
161. News: House votes to formalize impeachment inquiry procedures. CNN. October 31, 2019. November 2, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143824/https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/31/politics/house-impeachment-inquiry-resolution-floor-vote/index.html. live.
162. News: House approves impeachment rules, ushering in new phase of inquiry . Segers . Grace . Watson . Kathryn . Becket . Stefan . October 31, 2019 . CBS News . December 28, 2020 . December 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143814/https://www.cbsnews.com/live-news/trump-impeachment-house-resolution-vote-democrats-voted-no-trump-impeachment-rules/ . live .
163. News: Minnesota Republican Party leaves Trump challengers off presidential primary ballot. Patrick. Condon. Star Tribune. October 31, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143842/https://www.startribune.com/minnesota-republican-party-leaves-trump-challengers-off-presidential-primary-ballot/564160782/. live.
164. News: Trump primary challengers to be excluded from Minnesota ballot. October 31, 2019. The Hill. Rachel. Frazin. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143814/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/468307-trump-primary-challengers-to-be-excluded-from-minnesota-ballot. live.
165. News: Beto O'Rourke ends 2020 presidential bid. Eric. Bradner. CNN. November 1, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143814/https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/01/politics/beto-orourke-drops-out/index.html. live.
166. Web site: Bradner . Eric . Merica . Dan . 7 takeaways from Iowa Democrats' biggest night of the year . CNN . November 2, 2019 . November 2, 2019 . December 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143841/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/02/politics/iowa-democratic-dinner-takeaways/index.html . live .
167. Web site: Pushing results, not polarization, in New Hampshire. The Hill. October 31, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143817/https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/468017-pushing-results-not-polarization-in-new-hampshire. live.
168. News: No Labels Convention returns to NH. Kevin. Landrigan. New Hampshire Union Leader. November 1, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143837/https://www.unionleader.com/news/politics/voters/no-labels-convention-returns-to-nh/article_e325101c-2455-5a48-a208-019011e7c1ed.html. live.
169. News: Steve. Brusk. Dan. Merica. Michael Bloomberg files to run in Alabama Democratic primary. CNN. November 8, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143930/https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/08/politics/bloomberg-alabama-democratic-primary/index.html. live.
170. News: Warren and Booker lead candidates at environmental justice forum. November 9, 2019. The Guardian. Nina. Lakhani. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143835/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/09/warren-booker-environmental-justice-forum-south-carolina. live.
171. News: Mark Sanford suspends 2020 presidential campaign . CNN . Rebecca . Black . November 12, 2019 . December 28, 2020 . December 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143837/https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/12/politics/mark-sanford-2020-bid/index.html . live .
172. News: First public impeachment hearings will take place next week. Politico. Andrew. Desiderio. Kyle. Cheney. November 6, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143834/https://www.politico.com/news/2019/11/06/house-democrats-will-hold-first-public-impeachment-hearings-next-week-000319. live.
173. News: Next week's schedule of public impeachment hearings . CNN . November 15, 2019 . December 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143833/https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/12/politics/house-impeachment-inquiry-schedule-trump/index.html . live .
174. News: Here are the 10 candidates who qualified for next week's Democratic primary debate. CNBC. Jacob. Pramuk. November 14, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143857/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/14/november-2020-democratic-primary-debate-lineup-announced.html. live.
175. News: Deval Patrick announces presidential campaign. CNN. Dan. Merica. Jeff. Zeleny. November 14, 2019. December 28, 2020. November 15, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191115012709/https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/14/politics/deval-patrick-president-2020-campaign/index.html. live.
176. News: What Are All The Democrats Doing In Long Beach This Weekend? (A Political Convention Explainer). Libby. Denkmann. LAList. November 15, 2019. December 28, 2020. November 16, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191116123626/https://laist.com/2019/11/15/california-democrats-fall-nominating-convention-long-beach-bernie-harris-buttigieg-explained.php. dead.
177. News: China's first confirmed Covid-19 case traced back to November 17 . South China Morning Post . March 13, 2020 . en. March 13, 2020. live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200313004217/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3074991/coronavirus-chinas-first-confirmed-covid-19-case-traced-back.
178. Web site: The first COVID-19 case originated on November 17, according to Chinese officials searching for 'Patient Zero'. www.msn.com. 2020-03-13.
179. News: 2020 Democratic hopefuls will converge on the Las Vegas Strip Sunday to campaign to Nevada Dems. Ed. Komenda. Reno Gazette Journal. November 14, 2019. December 28, 2020. March 18, 2021. https://archive.today/20210318193810/https://www.rgj.com/story/news/2019/11/14/2020-democratic-hopefuls-converge-las-vegas-strip-sunday-campaign-nevada-dems/4195667002/. live.
180. Web site: 5th Democratic debate to be held in Georgia on Nov. 20: DNC. ABC News. October 8, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143846/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/5th-democratic-debate-held-georgia-nov-20-dnc/story?id=66144833. live.
181. Web site: Democratic presidential debate on Nov. 20 headed for Tyler Perry's studio complex. Galloway. Jim. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. en. October 25, 2019. October 25, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143848/https://www.ajc.com/blog/politics/democratic-presidential-debate-nov-headed-for-tyler-perry-studio-complex/PneeeYTdhYTVLaZxPQ7U5O/. live.
182. News: Wayne Messam suspends his Democratic primary campaign. Sean. Collins. Vox. November 20, 2019. December 28, 2020. April 17, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417202621/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/11/20/20799135/wayne-messam-2020-presidential-primary-suspend-campaign. live.
183. News: Campaign 2020: Bloomberg Files Campaign Paperwork, No Word Yet On Run For White House. Associated Press. November 21, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143958/https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2019/11/21/campaign-2020-bloomberg-files-campaign-paperwork-no-word-yet-on-run-for-white-house/. live.
184. News: California Supreme Court says law requiring presidential candidates to turn over tax returns is invalid. CNN. November 21, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 15, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191215080129/https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/21/politics/california-tax-returns-trump/index.html. live.
185. News: Michael Bloomberg is the latest 2020 Democratic hopeful. Jake. Tapper. CNN. November 24, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143914/https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/24/politics/michael-bloomberg-2020-election/index.html. live.
186. News: Joe Sestak ends long-shot 2020 Democratic presidential campaign. Paul. LeBlanc. CNN. December 1, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143908/https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/01/politics/joe-sestak-2020-campaign/index.html. live.
187. News: Steve Bullock ends presidential campaign, will not run for Senate. Dan. Merica. CNN. December 2, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143855/https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/02/politics/steve-bullock-2020-campaign-ends/index.html. live.
188. News: Kamala Harris drops out of presidential race. December 3, 2019. Christopher. Cadelago. Politico. December 3, 2019. June 9, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200609060631/https://www.politico.com/news/2019/12/03/kamala-harris-drops-out-out-of-presidential-race-074902. live.
189. News: At Union Forum, Klobuchar Says Trump Made False Promises To Workers. WCCO-TV. December 7, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143923/https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2019/12/07/at-union-forum-klobuchar-says-trump-made-false-promises-to-workers/. live.
190. News: Democrats unveil two articles of impeachment against Trump. CNN. December 10, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143905/https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/10/politics/impeachment-articles-announced/index.html. live.
191. News: Impeachment heads to full House after historic vote. Maeve. Reston. CNN. December 13, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143908/https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/13/politics/donald-trump-impeachment-house-vote/index.html. live.
192. News: Hawaii GOP cancels caucus after Trump is only candidate. Associated Press. Washington Times. December 12, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143919/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/dec/12/hawaii-gop-cancels-caucus-after-trump-is-only-cand/. live.
193. Web site: Hawaii GOP cancels presidential preference poll, commits delegates to Trump. The Hill. Rebecca. Klar. December 12, 2019. December 28, 2020. April 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200412161151/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/474243-hawaii-gop-cancels-presidential-preference-poll-and-commits-delegates-to. live.
194. Web site: Hawaii Republican Delegation 2020. The Green Papers. December 29, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143914/https://www.thegreenpapers.com/P20/HI-R. live.
195. News: First 4 primary debates of 2020 announced, including ABC News debate in New Hampshire. Kendall. Karson. ABC News. December 12, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143923/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/primary-debates-2020-announced-including-abc-news-debate/story?id=67463859. live.
196. News: All 7 presidential contenders might skip December debate over labor dispute, throwing matchup into turmoil. Kendall. Karson. ABC News. December 13, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143908/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/presidential-contenders-skip-december-debate-labor-dispute-throwing/story?id=67716696. live.
197. News: Democratic debate to move forward after tentative agreement in labor fight. Quint. Forgey. Laura. Barrón-López. Politico. December 17, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143913/https://www.politico.com/news/2019/12/17/democratic-debate-labor-fight-086423. live.
198. Web site: Top Democratic Presidential Candidates Coming To Pittsburgh For Public Education Forum . December 2, 2019 . December 4, 2019 . CBS Pittsburgh . December 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143916/https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2019/12/02/presidential-candidates-in-pittsburgh/ . live .
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200. News: Trump Impeached for Abuse of Power and Obstruction of Congress . Fandos . Nicholas . December 18, 2019 . The New York Times . December 18, 2019 . Shear . Michael D. . en-US . 0362-4331 . January 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200119044342/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/18/us/politics/trump-impeached.html . live .
201. Web site: Watch live: Trump holds rally as House votes on impeachment and says "we did nothing wrong". CBS News. December 18, 2019. December 18, 2019. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143924/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-rally-battle-creek-today-2020-campaign-kellogg-arena-live-stream-updates-2019-12-18/. live.
202. News: New venue announced for December Democratic debate in Los Angeles. Quint. Forgey. Politico. November 8, 2019. December 28, 2020. December 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201229143926/https://www.politico.com/news/2019/11/08/democratic-debate-los-angeles-068071. live.
203. Web site: December 8, 2020. Docket for 22O155. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201209042255/https://www.supremecourt.gov/docket/docketfiles/html/public/22o155.html. December 9, 2020. March 18, 2021.