Timeline of the 2020 Canadian pipeline and railway protests explained

The following is a timeline of the 2020 Canadian pipeline and railway protests which originated with the opposition by the hereditary chiefs of the Wetʼsuwetʼen people in British Columbia (BC), Canada to the Coastal GasLink Pipeline project.

January

Local elected councils vote in favour of building the pipeline.

• January 5, 2020 - Anarchist website North Shore Counter Info releases a callout against rail infrastructure: "To Settlers, by Settlers" which includes instructions and tips for sabotage in solidarity with the Wet'suwet'en.^[1]
• January 7 - The UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination calls on Canada to immediately stop the construction of the Coastal GasLink (CGL) and Trans Mountain pipelines and the Site C dam.^[2]
• January 7 - Individuals sabotage three junctions in Hamilton, Ontario shutting down all rail traffic in and out of the city.^[3]
• January 8 - Protestors in Hamilton, Ontario block a main road and rail crossing in solidarity with the Wet'suwet'en.^[4]
• January 11 - BC Human Rights Commissioner Kasari Govender calls for a halt to the CGL pipeline until the affected Indigenous groups consent to the construction.^[5]
• January 16 - UN committee chair Noureddine Amir admits to media that he was unaware that the CGL had broad Indigenous backing other than the Wet'suwet'en.
• January 16 - Karen Ogen-Toews, chair of the First Nations LNG Alliance and former Wetʼsuwetʼen elected chief, writes an open letter to the UN asking for a retraction and immediate apology to the 20 First Nations who are in favour of the project.
• January 20 – Protesters disrupt BC ferry service leaving from Swartz Bay ferry terminal, which is Victoria's main ferry link to the BC mainland.^[6]
• January 23 - Individuals sabotage a rail junction box in Burlington, ON.^[7]
• January 27 - BC Minister of Public Safety and Solicitor General Mike Farnworth declares a provincial emergency under the Provincial Police Service Agreement and authorizes the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) to redeploy resources to use in the enforcement of the injunction in a letter to the RCMP Deputy Commissioner.
• January 30 – The RCMP announces that they would stand down while the hereditary chiefs and the province meet to discuss and try to come to an agreement.^[8]

February

• February 1 - The Office of the Hereditary Chiefs of the Wetʼsuwetʼen give an "eviction notice" to the Coastal GasLink Pipeline construction camp.
• February 3 – The Office of the Wetʼsuwetʼen asks for a judicial review of the environmental approval for the pipeline.^[9]
• February 4 – The hereditary chiefs and the Government of British Columbia issue statements that talks had broken down.^[10]
• February 6 – The RCMP begins enforcing the injunction, arresting 21 persons at camps along the route between February 6 and 9.
• February 6 – Near Belleville, Ontario, members of the Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte First Nation begin a blockade of the Canadian National Railway rail line just north of Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory.^[11] The line is critical to the CNR network in Eastern Canada as CNR has no other east–west rail lines through Eastern Ontario.
• February 6 – Via Rail cancels trains on their Toronto–Montreal and Toronto-Ottawa routes.^{[12] [13] [14]} Until February 13, Via Rail announces passenger train cancellations on a day-to-day basis.
• February 8 – Solidarity protests take place in Toronto^[15] and Ottawa.^[16]
• February 8 - A blockade of the Exo Candiac line south of Montreal in Kahnawake begins.
• February 9-10 - Individuals set fire to a rail junction box in Hamilton, ON and Guelph, ON. ^[17]
• February 10 – Solidarity rallies take place in Nelson,^[18] Calgary,^[19] Regina,^[20] Winnipeg,^[21] Sherbrooke,^[22] and Halifax.^{[23] [24]}
• February 10 – Metro Vancouver police arrest 47 persons blocking the Port of Vancouver, Deltaport, and two other ports in Metro Vancouver.^{[25] [26]}
• February 10 – A blockade goes up on the CNR line west of Winnipeg blocking the trans-Canada passenger rail route.
• February 10 – The Société de chemin de fer de la Gaspésie (SCFG) freight railway between Gaspé and Matapédia, Quebec is blockaded by members of the Listuguj Miꞌgmaq First Nation.
• February 11 – Prince George–Prince Rupert passenger rail service is suspended.
• February 11 – The RCMP announces that the road to the construction site was cleared^[27] and TC Energy announced that work would resume the following Monday.^[28]
• February 11 – A solidarity rally surrounds the BC Legislature in Victoria, preventing the traditional ceremonies around the reading of the Throne Speech by the Lieutenant Governor.^[29] Members of the legislature had to have police assistance to enter or used back or side entrances.^[30]
• February 12 - The Wet’suwet’en hereditary chiefs petition the Supreme Court of Canada to declare "Canada has a constitutional duty to keep the country’s greenhouse gas emissions within the Paris Agreement limit."^[31]
• February 13 – CNR shuts down its rail lines east of Toronto.
• February 13 – Via Rail announces the shutdown of its entire network, with the exception of the Sudbury–White River train line and the Winnipeg–Churchill train between Churchill and The Pas, until further notice.^{[32] [33] [34]}
• February 14 – BC Ferries obtains a preemptive injunction to prevent anticipated future demonstrations from blocking Vancouver-Victoria ferry service.^[35]
• February 15 – The rail blockade of Prince Rupert is lifted.
• February 15 - Over 200 people block Macmillan Yard - the second largest railyard in Canada - in solidarity^[36]
• February 15 – Indigenous Services Minister Marc Miller meets the Mohawks in a ceremonial encounter on the CNR train tracks to renew a 17th Century treaty between the Iroquois and the British Crown known as the Silver Covenant Chain. Miller and the leaders of Tyendinaga then discussed the blockade.^[37] Miller asked for a temporary drawback of the protest but his request was refused after Wetʼsuwetʼen hereditary Chief Woos, who was on the phone, stated that the RCMP was still on his territory and "they are out there with guns, threatening us." Leaked audio of the meetings included a Mohawk resident in the meeting telling the minister to "Get the red coats out first, get the blue coats out … then we can maybe have some common discussions".^[38]
• February 16 – A demonstration temporarily blocks the Rainbow Bridge border crossing in Niagara Falls, Ontario.
• February 17 – A demonstration temporarily blocks the Thousand Islands Bridge border crossing in Ivy Lea, Ontario.
• February 18 – CNR temporarily lays off 450 employees for reasons related to the pipeline disruptions (they are recalled March 3).^{[39] [40]}
• February 18 – Opposition leader Andrew Scheer condemns the federal government's response, calling it "the weakest response to a national crisis in Canadian history. Will our country be one of the rule of the law, or will our country be one of the rule of the mob?". Prime Minister Justin Trudeau holds a private meeting with the other opposition parties' leaders, barring Scheer after his comments.^[41]
• February 18 – The Assembly of First Nations (AFN) holds a press conference in Ottawa. AFN National Chief Perry Bellegarde called for all parties to engage in dialogue. "It's on everybody. It's not on any one individual. I'm just calling on all the parties to come together, get this dialogue started in a constructive way."^[41]
• February 19 – A blockade is set up on the Mont-Saint-Hilaire rail line in Saint-Lambert, Quebec, promising to stay until the RCMP leaves the disputed zone in Wetʼsuwetʼen territory.^[42] The blockade caused Via Rail to postpone resuming service between Montreal and Quebec City.
• February 19 - Individuals sabotage a rail line in Toronto, ON.^[43]
• February 19 – A group of about 20 members of a group calling itself the "Cuzzins for Wet’suwet’en" erects a blockade on a CN rail line in west Edmonton. CN obtains a court injunction, and less than twelve hours after the blockade began, it was dismantled by counter-protesters after a CN legal representative arrived to serve the injunction.^[44]
• February 19 – Via Rail announces temporary layoffs of up to 1,000 people due to the blockades.^[45]
• February 20 – The RCMP offers to close its Community Industry Security Office (CISO) on the Morice Road.^[46]
• February 20 – Another blockade of CPR tracks springs up between Kamloops and Chase in British Columbia. The protesters left voluntarily on February 21, after the RCMP offered to leave the Wet’suwet’en land. The group vowed to return in four days if a dialogue was not started between the prime minister and the hereditary chiefs.^[47]
• February 20 - The Civilian Review and Complaints Commission (CRCC) for the RCMP issues a letter critical of RCMP procedures in the "checkpoint and exclusion zone" implemented on the Morice West Forest Service Road, stating the RCMP went beyond its legal authority to do ID checks of activists and searches of activists' vehicles.^{[48] [49]}
• February 20 - Wetsuweten hereditary matriarch Rita George speaks out against the protests, saying they were not supported by the matriarchs and that the protesters are not following ancestral ways.^[50]
• February 21 – The Mont-Saint-Hilaire rail line is cleared after the Sûreté du Québec police arrive to enforce a CNR injunction.^[51]
• February 21 – Prime Minister Trudeau calls for the barricades to come down.^[52]
• February 21 – The British Columbia Environmental Assessment Office (EAO) served notice that Coastal GasLink must halt construction on that segment and enter into talks with the Wetʼsuwetʼen over the next 30 days.^{[53] [54]}
• February 21 – Wetʼsuwetʼen supporters block CNR rail lines near Moncton, New Brunswick.^[55]
• February 22 – After the hereditary chiefs made it a condition for talks with the federal government, the RCMP closes their CISO onsite office and moves to their detachment in Houston.
• February 22 - Anarchists in Hamilton, ON release a statement promising to blockade rails if the OPP clear the Tyendinaga blockade.^[56]
• February 23 – Mohawks at the Tyendinaga rail blockade are given notice by the OPP to clear their blockade by midnight to avoid prosecution for disobeying the injunction against the blockade.
• February 24 – The Tyendinaga Mohawks do not vacate the site. The OPP removes the blockade, arresting several of the protesters.^[57]
• February 24 – Immediately following the police action, new protests spring up in the province of Quebec, including a temporary rolling blockade of the Honoré Mercier Bridge near Montreal by Mohawks from Kahnawake, a new rail blockade by the Listuguj Mi'gmaq in the Gaspé Peninsula, and a barricade of Route 344 which was the site of the 1990 Oka Crisis.^[58]
• February 24 – Rail blockades come down in New Brunswick after being served with an injunction.^[55]
• February 24 – New protests form in British Columbia, blocking the BC Legislature, the Port of Vancouver and rail lines in Hazelton and Kamloops.^[59] In Hazleton, 14 protesters, including three Gitxsan hereditary chiefs, are arrested. They are released overnight.^[60]
• February 24 - In a statement signed and supported by over 200 Canadian lawyers, Beverly Jacobs and Sylvia McAdam of the University of Windsor, Alex Neve of Amnesty International, and Harsha Walia of the BC Civil Liberties Association state that is the Canadian governments that are breaking international law, not the Wetsuweten hereditary chiefs and call for an end to the violation of indigenous persons' right to free, prior and informed consent.^[61]
• February 24 – Members of the Mohawk Nation (Bear Clan) from the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation block Ontario Highway 6 in Caledonia in solidarity with the Wetʼsuwetʼen.^[62]
• February 25 – Members of the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation set up a rail blockade west of Toronto in Hamilton, causing the cancellation of Via Rail and GO Transit service between Aldershot and Niagara Falls stations. Metrolinx replaced Lakeshore West line rail service with shuttle buses.^[63]
• February 25 - A demonstration blocks commuter rail lines in Toronto, causing suspension of GO train service for several hours. Several protesters are arrested.^[64]
• February 25 - In Kanesatake, the blockade is reduced on Highway 344, allowing only a single lane of traffic through the territory.^[65]
• February 25 - Polling firm Ipsos releases a poll indicating that 63% of Canadians support the "intervention by police to end the blocking of key transportation corridors", while only 26% oppose police action.^[66] Additionally, 60% of Canadians are against the blockades, while 27% are in favour.^[66]
• February 26 - A meeting between Wetʼsuwetʼen hereditary chiefs and the BC and federal governments is cancelled,^[67] then rescheduled for February 27.
• February 27 - A few dozen activists, protesting the pipeline and the OPP actions, block rail lines in Kingston, Ontario for several hours.^[68]
• February 27 - TC Energy agrees to pause construction and the RCMP stops patrolling the Morice Forest Service Road to address the Wetʼsuwetʼen hereditary chiefs' preconditions for talks with government ministers.^[69]
• February 27 - Canadian Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Development Minister Carolyn Bennett and B.C. Indigenous Relations Minister Scott Fraser arrive in Smithers, British Columbia begin two days of talks with the Wet’suwet’en hereditary chiefs.^{[70] [71]}
• February 28 - Wetʼsuwetʼen matriarchs join the meetings, demanding representation from all of the Wetʼsuwetʼen people.^[72]

March

• March 1 - After extending talks to three days, an agreement on land rights is reached, in the form of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU). It is to be presented to the Wetʼsuwetʼen Nation for ratification.^[73]
• March 2 - RCMP patrols resume and CGL construction work resumes.^[74]
• March 2 - A CNR rail bridge in Pointe-St-Charles, Quebec is blocked for several hours by protesters, who leave peacefully.^[75]
• March 3 - Via Rail resumes service on their Toronto–Montreal and Toronto–Ottawa lines.^[76]
• March 3 - CNR recalls the 450 workers it had temporarily laid off on February 18.
• March 3 - A meeting is held at the Centennial Hall in Witset among the Laksilyu (Small Frog Clan), to discuss the tentative agreement reached between the hereditary chiefs and the representatives of the Canadian government.^[77] The meeting's attendees agree to the proposal on the spot.^[78]
• March 4 - University students at several universities across Canada walkout and hold protests in support of the Wet’suwet’en.^{[79] [80] [81]}
• March 4 - The Canadian, Via Rail's Toronto-Vancouver train, resumes partial service, as Via announces it is recalling most of the 1,000 employees "affected by temporary suspensions" starting on February 19.^[82]
• March 5 - The Mohawks of Kahnawake and the Listiguj First Nation dismantle their rail blockades in Quebec.^[83]
• March 5 - Five indigenous youth from the protest at the B.C. Legislature (which had begun February 11) are arrested, and the protest is dismantled.^[84]
• March 6 - The BC Civil Liberties Association and the Wet’suwet’en release a letter written by BC Minister Farnworth authorizing a redeployment of RCMP resources to support the injunction enforcement. In the BCCLA's opinion, the letter contradicts his later statement that the government does not direct the RCMP's activities.
• March 7 - Via Rail service has resumed on most routes, after disruption to more than 1,070 trips and roughly 165,000 passengers, according to Via Rail. Via Rail subsequently suspends The Canadian and Ocean services and reduces the frequency on the Winnipeg-Churchill route due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some time after the reinstatement announcement is made.
• March 8 - The Tsayu (Beaver Clan) hold a meeting at the Centennial Hall in Witset to discuss the tentative agreement reached on March 1.
• March 10 - Speaking about the blockade on Highway 6 near Six Nations of the Grand River (begun February 24), Haldimand—Norfolk MPP Toby Barrett calls on anyone who can help to "tear down this blockade", citing the fact that businesses in the area are suffering.
• March 13 - Canada's Parliamentary Budget Officer Yves Giroux releases a report stating that the protests would have very little impact on economic growth, estimating that the impact would amount to a 0.01% fall in GDP, which he characterized as "a blip", and saying earlier warnings of shortages and economic downturn by corporations was "overblown".^{[85] [86]}
• March 17 - The planned Wetʼsuwetʼen all-clans meeting is postponed indefinitely amid a variety of concerns, including the COVID-19 pandemic and a death in the community (unrelated to COVID-19).^{[87] [88]}
• March 19^[89] - The blockade on Highway 6 near Six Nations of the Grand River is removed after protesters and Six Nations chief Mark Hill come together and decide to leave the road and move back to Douglas Creek estates, known in the Mohawk language as Kanonhstaton "the protected place", a site which had been a focal point for the long-standing Grand River land dispute.^{[90] [91]} In a statement issued by the protesters, they say their departure is done "as a sign of good faith".^[92]
• March 20 - The OPP West Region says they are working with the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) to remove concrete barriers they had set up around the protest.
• March 21 - The OPP West Region tweets that Highway 6 is expected to re-open over the (March 21–22) weekend.^[93]
• March 21 - Pipeline opponents on social media launch a letter-writing campaign urging Coastal GasLink to suspend construction on Wetʼsuwetʼen territory, citing the heightened risk posed to the inhabitants of the territory by transient workers continuing operations amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.^[94]

April

• April 30 - The hereditary chiefs release a joint statement with the provincial and federal governments, stating that all five clans had agreed to ratify the MOU after having reviewed and discussed it in the prior weeks.^[95]

May

• May 1 - The elected chiefs of five Wet’suwet’en band governments (Nee Tahi Buhn Indian Band, Skin Tyee Nation, Ts’il Kaz Koh First Nation, Wet’suwet’en First Nation, and Witset First Nation) release their own joint statement, calling on the MOU to be withdrawn, saying they weren't consulted properly.^[96]
• May 7 - The MOU is released to the elected band councils.^[97]
• May 8 - The MOU is released to the wider Wet’suwet’en Nation.
• May 11 - The elected chiefs of Nee Tahi Buhn Indian Band, Skin Tyee Nation, Ts’il Kaz Koh First Nation, and Wet’suwet’en First Nation release a further statement, again calling on the MOU to be withdrawn, and further calling for the resignation of Minister Bennett.^[98]
• May 12 - The MOU is published on the Office of the Wet’suwet’en website.^{[99] [100]}
• May 14 - The MOU is signed by the nine sitting hereditary chiefs, Minister Bennett, and Minister Fraser, in a virtual ceremony held via Zoom due to precautions related to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[101]

June

• June 5 - The BC Prosecution Service and Coastal GasLink issue statements saying that criminal and civil contempt charges will not be pursued against 22 protesters arrested on Wet’suwet’en territory in February.^[102]

September

• September 21 - The suspensions of more than 200 Facebook accounts that had shared information about a May 7 online solidarity rally are lifted. The accounts had been suspended for unknown reasons.^[103]

October

• October 1 - A hearing at the B.C. Supreme Court begins, with the Office of the Wet’suwet’en seeking a rejection of the province's decision to extend Coastal GasLink's environmental certificate for another five years. In their arguments, they cite the danger in establishing work camps on Indigenous territory, attested to in the Final report on Missing and murdered Indigenous women, which was published in June 2019 and not meaningfully considered when the decision was made. They also cite the company's four-year history of non-compliance with the Environmental Assessment Office's legally-binding conditions. They are desiring that additional conditions be imposed on the certificate as part of its extension. The Environmental Assessment Office's position is that it already has the power to impose further conditions outside of an extension, and that revoking the certificate would leave the project in a "vacuum" since the last certificate expired in October 2019.^{[104] [105]}
• October 2 - Lawyers for Coastal GasLink appear briefly at the continuing hearing, but court is adjourned before they can present all their points.^[106]
• October 16 - The Supreme Court hearing is scheduled to resume on this date.

Notes and References

1. Web site: To Settlers, by Settlers: A Callout for Rail Disruptions in Solidarity with the Wet'suwet'en – North Shore Counter-Info. January 5, 2020 . 2020-09-22. en-US.
2. News: The Financial Post . Postmedia . January 7, 2020 . UN racism committee calls for halt to Trans Mountain, Coastal GasLink pipelines and Site C dam over treatment of First Nations . Laura . Kane.
3. Web site: Hamilton: Simultaneous Rail Sabotage at Bottlenecks in Solidarity with Wet'suwet'en Land Defenders – North Shore Counter-Info. January 7, 2020 . 2020-09-22. en-US.
4. News: 2020-02-03. Photos and video: Hamilton roadblock in solidarity with Wet'suwet'en Nation. en. The Hamilton Spectator. 2020-09-22. 1189-9417.
5. News: ctvnews.ca . CTV News . B.C. human rights commissioner asks Ottawa to halt pipeline project . Tina . Halam . The Canadian Press . January 11, 2020 . March 20, 2020.
6. News: Pipeline protest impacts multiple BC Ferries sailings . January 20, 2020 . bc.ctvnews.ca . CTV News . Bhinder . Sajan . Alyse . Kotyk.
7. Web site: Keep your fire bright! Solidarity Railway sabotage in Burlington – North Shore Counter-Info. 2020-09-22. en-US.
8. News: Uguen-Csenge . Eva . RCMP to stand down as Wetʼsuwetʼen hereditary chiefs and province start de-escalation talks . cbc.ca . CBC News . January 30, 2020 . February 26, 2020.
9. wetsuweten.com . Wet'suwet'en Hereditary Chiefs Launch Court Challenge to Coastal GasLink Pipeline's Environmental Approval . PDF . February 6, 2020.
10. News: Bellrichard . Chantelle . Talks break down between province, Wetʼsuwetʼen hereditary chiefs over Coastal GasLink pipeline standoff . February 5, 2020 . February 10, 2020 . CBC News . cbc.ca.
11. News: Spitters . John . PHOTOS: Tyendinaga protesters stop train traffic . February 7, 2020 . Quinte News . February 10, 2020 .
12. News: Mazur . Alexandra . B.C. pipeline protests continue to halt Ontario trains for 5th day in a row . February 10, 2020 . February 10, 2020 . Global News . globalnews.ca.
13. News: VIA Rail Passenger Trains Impacted by Tyendinaga Mohawk Blockade . February 10, 2020 . NetNewsLedger . February 10, 2020 .
14. News: Gallant . Jacques . Protests shut down Ontario rail lines in support of Wetʼsuwetʼen Nation . February 8, 2020 . Toronto Star . February 10, 2020 . Hunter . Paul.
15. News: Rocca . Ryan . Protesters opposing B.C. pipeline block rail line in Toronto . February 9, 2020 . February 10, 2020 . Global news . globalnews.ca.
16. News: Hemens . Aaron . Hundreds rally in Ottawa in solidarity with Wetʼsuwetʼen First Nation . February 8, 2020 . The Fulcrum . February 10, 2020 .
17. Web site: Hamilton: Sabotage to CN Line – North Shore Counter-Info. 2020-09-22. en-US.
18. News: Metcalfe . Bill . Nelson residents gather in support of Wetʼsuwetʼen chiefs . February 11, 2020 . Nelson Star . February 11, 2020 .
19. News: Pearson . Heide . Wetʼsuwetʼen support rally blocks Calgary's Reconciliation Bridge . February 10, 2020 . February 10, 2020 . Global News . globalnews.ca.
20. News: Giesbrecht . Lynne . More than 100 Reginans rally in support of Wetʼsuwetʼen pipeline protest . February 9, 2020 . Regina Leader-Post . February 10, 2020 .
21. News: DePatie . Mason . Wetʼsuwetʼen support protest to shut down Portage Avenue on Monday . February 10, 2020 . February 10, 2020 . CTV News Winnipeg . winnipeg.ctvnews.ca.
22. News: Lambie . Gordon . Sherbrooke joins growing wave of Wetʼsuwetʼen demonstrations . February 11, 2020 . The Record e-edition . February 11, 2020 .
23. News: D'Amore . Rachael . Wetʼsuwetʼen: Here's where solidarity protests are happening across Canada . February 10, 2020 . February 10, 2020 . Global News . globalnews.ca.
24. News: Johnson . Rhiannon . RCMP arrests in Wetʼsuwetʼen territory spark protests nationwide . February 10, 2020 . February 10, 2020 . CBC News . cbc.ca.
25. News: B.C. pipeline protesters vow to ignore injunction, keep Vancouver ports blocked . Staff . The Canadian Press . February 10, 2020 . February 10, 2020 . Global News . globalnews.ca.
26. News: Metro Vancouver port blockade prompts injunction, 47 arrested on Monday morning . February 10, 2020 . Vancouver Sun . February 10, 2020 . David . Carrigg.
27. News: Berman . Sarah . RCMP Says It's Done Raiding Wetʼsuwetʼen Land—For Now . February 11, 2020 . February 11, 2020 . vice.com.
28. News: Bellrichard . Chantelle . Coastal GasLink returning to work in injunction area in Wetʼsuwetʼen territory . February 11, 2020 . CBC News . cbc.ca.
29. News: CTV News Staff . Anti-pipeline protesters remain at B.C. legislature in Victoria as arrests made in Vancouver . February 10, 2020 . February 10, 2020 . CTV News Vancouver Island . vancouverisland.ctvnews.ca.
30. News: Zussman . Richard . Wetʼsuwetʼen solidarity protesters block entrance to B.C. legislature ahead of throne speech . February 11, 2010 . February 11, 2010 . Global News . globalnews.ca.
31. News: business.financialpost.com . Postmedia . Indigenous community opposing Canada pipeline launches legal challenge . February 12, 2020 . Steve . Scherer . Denise . Paglinawan . Reuters . February 28, 2020.
32. News: Tasker . John Paul . Via Rail cancels most trains nationwide, CN closes Eastern Canadian network as Indigenous protests continue . February 13, 2020 . February 14, 2020 . Canadian Broadcasting Corporation . cbc.ca.
33. News: Shah . Maryam . Via Rail cancels most trains across the country as CN shuts down rails in eastern Canada . February 13, 2020 . February 14, 2020 . Global News . globalnews.ca.
34. News: Slaughter . Graham . VIA Rail cancels trains across Canada, CN shuts down Eastern Canada network amid pipeline protests . February 13, 2020 . February 14, 2020 . CTV News . ctvnews.ca.
35. News: BC Ferries wins injunction against protesters at Swartz Bay . February 15, 2020 . vancouverisland.ctvnews.ca . CTV News . Ian . Holliday.
36. Web site: DeClerq. Katherine. 2020-02-15. Anti-pipeline protesters block trains leaving Vaughan rail yard in solidarity with Wet'suwet'en. 2020-09-22. Toronto. en.
37. 1228080358899449856 . MarcMillerVM . Yesterday evening, I sent this email to Kanenhariyo, Chief Maracle and Regional Chief Archibald in regards to the current situation in Tyendinaga. #cdnpoli . Marc Miller . February 13, 2020 . February 14, 2020.
38. News: Barrera . Jorge . Inside the meeting between Mohawk and Canada's Indigenous services minister . February 16, 2019 . CBC News . cbc.ca.
39. Web site: Staff . The Canadian Press . Wet'suwet'en protests: CN Rail to lay off around 450 workers amid rail blockades . globalnews.ca . Global News.
40. News: The Canadian Press. CN employees heading back to work after temporary layoffs as blockades wind down. March 3, 2020. CTV News. March 7, 2020.
41. News: Tasker . John Paul . Trudeau asks for patience as rail blockades continue, bars Scheer from leaders' meeting . February 18, 2020 . CBC News . cbc.ca.
42. News: globalnews.ca . Global News . Via Rail cancels plans to resume Montreal-Quebec City service as new blockade pops up . February 19, 2020 . February 20, 2020 . Sean . Boynton.
43. Web site: We won't stop: Toronto solidarity rail action – North Shore Counter-Info. February 19, 2020 . 2020-09-22. en-US.
44. News: Johnson . Lisa . Counter-protesters break down rail blockade in west Edmonton as CN wins injunction against pipeline opponents . February 19, 2020 . Edmonton Journal . February 20, 2020 . Wyton . Moira.
45. News: cbc.ca . CBC News . Via Rail issues temporary layoffs to nearly 1,000 workers as blockades continue . February 19, 2020 . CBC News staff.
46. News: globalnews.ca . Global News . RCMP have agreed to move away from barricaded area in Wet'suwet'en territory: Blair . February 20, 2020 . February 20, 2020.
47. News: Salmon Arm Observer . Blockade of CP Rail tracks in Chase temporarily lifted following negotiation . February 21, 2020 . Cameron . Thomson.
48. News: The Guardian . Canadian police had 'no authority' to search pipeline activists, says watchdog . February 20, 2020 . February 28, 2020 . Tracey . Lindeman.
49. Web site: CRCC Response to Concerns about RCMP Actions in Wet'suwet'en Territory raised by the BCCLA, the Wet'suwet'en Hereditary Chiefs and the Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs . www.crcc-ccetp.gc.ca . CRCC . February 20, 2020 . February 28, 2020.
50. News: The Globe and Mail . 'That's not the way of our ancestors': Wet'suwet'en matriarch speaks out about pipeline conflict . Nancy . MacDonald . January 20, 2020 . March 2, 2020.
51. News: National Post . Postmedia . Quebec rail blockade abandoned by protesters after riot police arrive to enforce injunction . February 21, 2010 . The Canadian Press.
52. News: National Post . Postmedia . The barricades need to come down now': Trudeau says he can no longer wait for negotiations on rail protests . February 21, 2020 . Ryan . Tumulty.
53. News: cbc.ca . CBC News . Coastal GasLink sent back to the table with Indigenous leaders . February 21, 2020 . Tanya . Fletcher.
54. Web site: B.C. environmental agency puts portion of Coastal Gaslink pipeline on hold . aptnnews.ca . APTN . February 21, 2020 . APTN National News .
55. News: cbc.ca . CBC News . N.B. blockades come down 72 hours after CN Rail wins injunction to stop demonstrators . February 24, 2020.
56. Web site: We Will Respond – North Shore Counter-Info. February 22, 2020 . 2020-09-22. en-US.
57. News: cbc.ca . CBC News . Police presence remains on Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory after morning arrests . Catharine . Tunney . February 24, 2020 . February 24, 2020.
58. News: First Nations in Quebec stage protests after police move in on Ontario railway blockade . Benjamin . Shingler . Jonathan . Montpetit . cbc.ca . CBC News . February 24, 2020 . February 24, 2020.
59. News: cbc.ca . CBC News . B.C. demonstrations enter 2nd day in support of Wet'suwet'en hereditary chiefs . February 25, 2020 . February 25, 2020.
60. News: Three Gitxsan hereditary chiefs arrested as solidarity actions flare across the country . February 25, 2020 . aptnnews.ca . APTN News.
61. News: Toronto Star . February 24, 2020 . Settler governments are breaking international law, not Wet'suwet'en hereditary chiefs, say 200 lawyers, legal scholars . Beverly . Jacobs . Sylvia . McAdam . Alex . Neve . Harsha . Walia . March 3, 2020.
62. News: cbc.ca . CBC News . Indigenous solidarity protests block Highway 6 in Caledonia, delay Hamilton GO trains . Bobby . Hristova . February 24, 2020 . February 27, 2020.
63. News: cbc.ca . CBC News . Wet'suwet'en solidarity protests spread across country, despite Monday's arrests . Catharine . Tunney . February 25, 2020.
64. News: toronto.ctvnews.ca . CTV News . GO Transit service disrupted after blockade near Kipling GO Station, several people arrested . February 25, 2020 . Chris . Fox . Joshua . Freeman.
65. News: Montreal Gazette . In Kanesatake, women are the face of Mohawk resistance . Christopher . Curtis . February 26, 2020.
66. Web site: ipsos.com . Growing Proportion of Canadians Have Unfavourable (60%, +11) View of Blockades . Darrell . Bricker . February 25, 2020 . February 25, 2020.
67. News: Planned meeting between B.C., Ottawa and Wet'suwet'en hereditary chiefs falls apart . The Globe and Mail . Kate . McCullough . Justine . Hunter . February 2020.
68. News: Kingston Whig-Standard . Anti-pipeline, police protesters take to railway tracks in Kingston . Steph . Crosier . Elliot . Ferguson. February 27, 2020.
69. News: cbc.ca . CBC News . Pipeline construction paused as Wet'suwet'en hereditary chiefs prepare to meet federal, provincial ministers . February 27, 2020 . February 27, 2020.
70. News: Little. Simon. First day of meetings between ministers, Wet'suwet'en chiefs wraps up on positive note. February 27, 2020. Global news. February 27, 2020. Boynton. Sean.
71. News: Alam. Hina. Federal, B.C. ministers begin pipeline talks with hereditary chiefs. February 27, 2020. CTV News. February 27, 2020.
72. News: globalnews.ca . Global News . Wet'suwet'en matriarchs get long-awaited seats at table with hereditary chiefs, ministers . February 28, 2020 . March 2, 2020 . Sean . Boynton.
73. News: globalnews.ca . Global News . Proposed agreement reached between Wet'suwet'en chiefs, gov't ministers after 3 days of talks . March 1, 2020 . March 2, 2020 . Sean . Boynton.
74. News: Edmonton Journal . Work to resume on Coastal GasLink after Wet'suwet'en chiefs, ministers reach draft arrangement in pipeline dispute . Geoffrey . Morgan . March 2, 2020 . March 2, 2020.
75. News: Montreal Gazette . Protesters briefly block CN Rail bridge in Pointe-St-Charles . Christopher . Curtis . March 2, 2020 . March 2, 2020.
76. News: Krause. Kraig. Via Rail resumes eastern Ontario routes following Wet'suwet'en solidarity blockades. March 4, 2020. Global News. March 7, 2020.
77. News: Carrigg. David. All five Wet'suwet'en clans meet to discuss tentative land titles agreement. March 9, 2020. Vancouver Sun. March 10, 2020.
78. News: Yousif. Nadine. For the Wet'suwet'en nation, formal land rights may be on the horizon. April 14, 2020. Maclean's. April 20, 2020. Smith. Marie-Danielle. Adam Gagnon attended a meeting of the Laksilyu clan, within which he is a wing chief, the same week as the Gitdumden meeting. He says the 20 or so attendees agreed to the memorandum on the spot..
79. News: Queen's University Journal . National Student Walkout in support of Wet'suwet'en scheduled for Wednesday . March 3, 2020 . March 3, 2020.
80. News: The Guardian . UPEI students walk out in support of Wet'suwet'en chiefs . March 4, 2020 . March 4, 2020.
81. News: cbc.ca . CBC News . B.C. students join nationwide school walkout in support of Wet'suwet'en hereditary chiefs . March 4, 2020 . March 4, 2020.
82. News: The Canadian Press. Via Rail service resumes on most routes following weeks of disruption. March 7, 2020. CBC. March 7, 2020.
83. News: cbc.ca . CBC News . As Quebec rail blockades come down, supporters demand Indigenous rights be respected . Benjamin . Shingler . March 5, 2020 . March 5, 2020.
84. News: Hunter. Justine. Solidarity protest for Wet'suwet'en at B.C. Legislature winds down after five arrested for mischief. March 5, 2020. The Globe and Mail. March 6, 2020.
85. Web site: Wet'suwet'en solidarity blockades had minimal impact on Canadian economy: PBO. globalnews.ca. Global News. March 13, 2020.
86. News: Forester. Brett. Rail disruptions 'overblown' by rail companies, politicians says Parliamentary Budget Officer. March 13, 2020. APTN News. April 2, 2020.
87. News: Jang. Brent. Wet'suwet'en hereditary chiefs postpone all-clans meeting. March 17, 2020. The Globe and Mail. March 20, 2020.
88. News: Wood. Stephanie. Coronavirus forces Wet'suwet'en to explore online talks on rights and title agreement. March 19, 2020. The Narwhal. March 20, 2020.
89. News: OPP says Highway 6 By-pass to re-open after inspection. March 19, 2020. Turtle Island News. March 21, 2020. March 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200321210726/https://theturtleislandnews.com/index.php/2020/03/19/opp-say-highway-6-by-pass-to-re-open-after-inspection/. dead.
90. News: Mitchell. Don. Wet'suwet'en solidarity blockade on Highway 6 near Caledonia, Ont. to come down Friday: OPP. March 19, 2020. Global News. March 21, 2020.
91. Ken Hewitt, Mayor of Haldimand County, on the Highway 6 blockade coming down. The Scott Thompson Show. Global News Radio. Scott Thompson. March 20, 2020. 01:16. March 21, 2020. March 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200321163647/https://omny.fm/shows/scott-thompson-show/ken-hewitt-mayor-of-haldimand-county-on-the-highwa. dead.
92. News: Clarke. Katrina. Demonstrators clear out after month-long Highway 6 bypass blockade. March 20, 2020. The Hamilton Spectator. March 21, 2020.
93. 1241295994765168640. @OPP_WR.
    • UPDATE*(Mar 21 05:30 hr) #HaldimandOPP ongoing. #HWY6 by-pass remains closed between Argyle St. South and Greens Rd in #Caledonia. MTO roadway inspection ongoing. Anticipated to re-open over the weekend. Please be patient if impacted. Check for updates. #ONHwys @OPP_COMM_WR ^rl
    . OPP West Region. March 21, 2020.
94. News: Berman. Sarah. There's Still No Deal in Wet'suwet'en But Pipeline Construction Is Ongoing. March 25, 2020. VICE. March 26, 2020.
95. News: Boynton. Sean. April 30, 2020. Wet'suwet'en chiefs to sign proposed agreement with governments over land rights, title. Global News. May 16, 2020.
96. News: Wilson. Lee. May 4, 2020. Elected Wet'suwet'en leadership calls on Canada to withdraw land and title deal. APTN National News. May 16, 2020.
97. News: Boynton. Sean. May 12, 2020. Wet'suwet'en hereditary chiefs release details of gov't pact, but members still concerned. Global News. May 16, 2020.
98. News: Martens. Kathleen. Wilson. Lee. May 12, 2020. 'They're proceeding without us': Elected chiefs in B.C. push back on Wet'suwet'en rights and title agreement. APTN National News. May 16, 2020.
99. Re: MOU Meetings with Wet’suwet’en Clans and elected Chief and Band Councillors. Chief Maureen Luggi. Wet’suwet’en Hereditary Chiefs. May 11, 2020. http://www.wetsuweten.com/files/May_11_2020_letter_to_BAND_COUNCILS.pdf.
100. News: Boynton. Sean. May 12, 2020. Wet'suwet'en hereditary chiefs release details of gov't pact, but members still concerned. Global News. May 16, 2020.
101. Re: MOU Meetings with Wet’suwet’en Clans and elected Chief and Band Councillors. Chief Maureen Luggi. Wet’suwet’en Hereditary Chiefs. May 11, 2020. http://www.wetsuweten.com/files/May_11_2020_letter_to_BAND_COUNCILS.pdf.
102. News: The Canadian Press. June 5, 2020. Crown, company drop all charges against 22 Coastal GasLink pipeline opponents in B.C.. The Globe and Mail. June 6, 2020.
103. News: Hosgood. Amanda Follett. September 21, 2020. Facebook Disables Hundreds of Accounts Linked to Wet'suwet'en Support Rally. The Tyee. October 13, 2020.
104. News: October 1, 2020. Wet'suwet'en Legal Challenge to Coastal GasLink to be heard in the BC Supreme Court. BOE Report. October 13, 2020.
105. News: October 2, 2020. Environmental Assessment Office disputes Wet'suwet'en interpretation of legislation as Supreme Court hearing continues. Terrace Standard. The Canadian Press. October 13, 2020.
106. News: October 2, 2020. Hearing over controversial Coastal GasLink pipeline resumes at B.C. Supreme Court. Times Colonist. The Canadian Press. October 13, 2020. October 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201014032448/https://www.timescolonist.com/hearing-over-controversial-coastal-gaslink-pipeline-resumes-at-b-c-supreme-court-1.24214110. dead.