Timeline of the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season explained

The 1999 Atlantic hurricane season was an event in the annual tropical cyclone season in the north Atlantic Ocean. This Atlantic hurricane season saw a near-average number of named tropical storms,[1] though five of them became dangerous hurricanes of Category 4 intensity on the 5-level Saffir–Simpson scale, the most in a single season since 1886.[2] The season officially began on June 1, 1999 and ended on November 30, 1999. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most tropical systems form.[3] This season's first storm, Tropical Storm Arlene, formed on June 11, while the last, Hurricane Lenny, dissipated on November 23.

Altogether, 12 tropical storms formed during the season, including eight hurricanes of which five intensified into major hurricanes.[1] There were also four tropical depressions that did not reach tropical storm strength.[2] The most significant hurricane of the season was Hurricane Floyd, which caused devastating flooding along the East Coast of the United States,[1] especially in North Carolina, which had been hit only ten days earlier by Hurricane Dennis.[4] Another strong hurricane, Hurricane Lenny became the strongest November Atlantic hurricane on record, and maintained a west-to-east track through the Caribbean for nearly its entire duration. Because of its unusual path, it developed the nickname "Wrong Way Lenny."[5] The deadliest tropical cyclone of the season was Tropical Depression Eleven, whose heavy rain and resultant flooding caused 400 deaths in Mexico.[2] Following the 1999 season, the names Floyd and Lenny were retired from reuse in the North Atlantic by the World Meteorological Organization.[6]

This timeline documents tropical cyclone formations, strengthening, weakening, landfalls, extratropical transitions, and dissipations during the season. It includes information that was not released throughout the season, meaning that data from post-storm reviews by the National Hurricane Center, such as a storm that was not initially warned upon, has been included.

By convention, meteorologists use one time zone when issuing forecasts and making observations: Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and also use the 24-hour clock (where 00:00 = midnight UTC).[7] In this time line, all information is listed by UTC first with the respective local time included in parentheses.

Timeline

June

June 1

June 11

June 12

June 13

June 17

June 18

July

July 2

July 3

August

August 18

August 19

August 20

August 21

August 22

August 23

August 24

August 26

August 27

August 28

August 29

August 30

August 31

September

September 1

September 4

September 5

September 6

September 7

September 8

September 10

September 11

September 12

September 13

September 14

September 15

September 16

September 17

September 18

September 19

September 20

September 21

September 22

September 23

October

October 4

October 5

October 6

October 8

October 13

October 14

October 15

October 16

October 17

October 18

October 19

October 20

October 21

October 24

October 25

October 28

October 29

October 30

November

November 13

November 14

November 15

November 16

November 17

November 18

November 19

November 20

November 21

November 30

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Dolce. Chris. Top-10 Most Extreme Atlantic Hurricane Seasons in the Satellite Era. June 12, 2018. weather.com. The Weather Channel. Atlanta, Georgia. July 23, 2020.
  2. Lawrence. Miles B.. Avila. Lixion A.. Beven. Jack L.. Franklin. James L.. Guiney. John L.. Pasch. Richard J.. Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1999. Monthly Weather Review. 129. 12. December 2001. 3057–3084. American Meteorological Society. 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<3057:AHSO>2.0.CO;2. 2001MWRv..129.3057L. July 23, 2020. free.
  3. Web site: Hurricane Season Information. Dorst. Neal. Frequently Asked Questions About Hurricanes. June 1, 2018. NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Miami, Florida. July 23, 2020.
  4. Web site: Herring. David. Hurricane Floyd Series: Hurricane Floyd's Lasting Legacy. March 1, 2000. NASA Earth Observatory, Goddard Space Flight Center. Greenbelt, Maryland. July 23, 2020.
  5. Web site: Mitchell. Chaffin. Remembering some of the most notorious November Atlantic hurricanes. November 29, 2019. accuweather.com. AccuWeather. State College, Pennsylvania. July 23, 2020.
  6. Web site: Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names. NOAA National Hurricane Center. miami, Florida. July 23, 2020.
  7. Web site: Understanding the Date/Time Stamps. NOAA National Hurricane Center. miami, Florida. July 14, 2020.
  8. Franklin. James. Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Arlene. July 7, 1999. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  9. Guiney. John L.. Tropical Storm Arlene Advisory Number 4. June 12, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  10. The figures for maximum sustained winds and position estimates are rounded to the nearest 5 units (knots, miles, or kilometers), following the convention used in the National Hurricane Center's operational products for each storm. All other units are rounded to the nearest digit.
  11. Web site: Brief Information About Tropical Depression Two. Pasch. Richard J.. July 29, 1999. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  12. Lawrence. Miles B.. Kimberlain. Preliminary report Hurricane Bret. February 26, 2001. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  13. Preliminary Report Hurricane Cindy. Guiney. John. December 9, 1999. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  14. Franklin. James. Tropical Storm Bret Intermediate Advisory Number 9A. August 20, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  15. Avila. Lixion. Hurricane Storm Bret Intermediate Advisory Number 13A. August 21, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  16. Lawrence. Miles B.. Tropical Storm Bret Intermediate Advisory Number 19B. August 23, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  17. Preliminary Report Hurricane Dennis. Beven. Jack. January 11, 2000. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  18. Avila. Lixion. Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Emily. September 30, 1999. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  19. Beven. Jack. Hurricane Dennis Intermediate Advisory Number 9A. August 26, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  20. Avila. Lixion. Hurricane Dennis Intermediate Advisory Number 18A. August 28, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  21. Beven. Jack. Hurricane Dennis Intermediate Advisory Number 28A. August 30, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  22. Beven. Jack. Hurricane Dennis Intermediate Advisory Number 32A. August 31, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  23. Jarvinen. Brian R.. Tropical Depression Dennis Advisory Number 50. September 5, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.
  24. Avila. Lixion. Preliminary Report Tropical Depression Seven. October 17, 1999. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  25. Roth. David. Remnants of DENNIS Advisory Number 60. September 7, 1999. National Centers For Environmental Prediction Hydrometeorological Prediction Center, NWS. Camp Springs, Maryland. August 2, 2020.
  26. Pasch. Richard J.. Kimberlain. Todd B.. Stewart. Stacy R.. Preliminary Report Hurricane Floyd. November 18, 1999. Updated September 9, 2014. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.
  27. Franklin. James. Hurricane Floyd Intermediate Advisory Number 11A. September 10, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.
  28. Lawrence. Miles. Preliminary report Hurricane Gert. July 22, 2000. National Hurricane Center. August 2, 2020.
  29. Franklin. James. Hurricane Floyd Intermediate Advisory Number 19A. September 12, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.
  30. Franklin. James. Hurricane Floyd Intermediate Advisory Number 20A. September 12, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.
  31. Lawrence. Miles. Hurricane Floyd Intermediate Advisory Number 23A. September 13, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.
  32. Guiney. John. Hurricane Floyd Intermediate Advisory Number 26A. September 14, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.
  33. Guiney. John. Tropical Storm Floyd Advisory Number 39. September 17, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.
  34. Preliminary Report Tropical Storm Harvey. Guiney. John. December 9, 1999. National Hurricane Center. miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.
  35. Pasch. Richard J.. Tropical Storm Gert Intermediate Advisory Number 41A. September 21, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.
  36. Guiney. John. Tropical Storm Harvey Advisory Number 12. September 21, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.
  37. Beven. Jack. Brief Information about Tropical Depression Eleven. December 1, 1999. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  38. Franklin. James. Preliminary Report Tropical Depression Twelve. November 9, 1999. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  39. Avila . Lixion. Preliminary Report Hurricane Irene. November 22, 1999. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  40. Beven. Jack. Guiney. John L.. Hurricane Irene Advisory Number 13. October 16, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  41. Pasch. Richard J.. Preliminary Report Hurricane Jose. November 22, 1999. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  42. Beven. Jack. Hurricane Irene Intermediate Advisory Number 20A. October 18, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  43. Franklin. James. Tropical Storm Jose Advisory Number 31. October 25, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  44. Preliminary report Tropical Storm Katrina. Lawrence. Miles. November 30, 1999. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  45. Guiney. John L.. Tropical Depression Fifteen Intermediate Advisory Number 4A. October 29, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  46. Franklin. James. Tropical Storm Katrina Intermediate Advisory Number 5A. October 29, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. July 31, 2020.
  47. Guiney. John. Preliminary Report Hurricane Lenny. December 9, 1999. modified February 22, 2000. National Hurricane Center. Miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.
  48. Beven. Jack. Hurricane Lenny Intermediate Advisory Number 8A. November 15, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.
  49. Beven. Jack. Hurricane Lenny Intermediate Advisory Number 12A. November 16, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.
  50. Pasch. Richard J.. Hurricane Lenny Intermediate Advisory Number 14A. November 16, 1999. National Weather Service. Miami, Florida. August 2, 2020.