Timeline of Zurich explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Zürich, Switzerland.

Prehistory

• 4th millennium BC – Prehistoric pile dwellings Alpenquai at Bürkliplatz and Kleiner Hafner at Sechseläutenplatz on then islands or peninsulas at the outflow of the Limmat, and the Grosser Hafner island in the Lake Zurich, an area of about 0.2km2.^{[1] [2]}
• 4th century BC – Helvetii/ Celtic Oppidum Uetliberg
• 1st century BC – Helvetii tribe: Oppidum Zürich-Lindenhof^[3]

1st–8th centuries

• 70 CE – Roman Vicus and Gallo-Roman settlement Turicum, Thermengasse hypocaust between Weinplatz and Münsterhof^[3]
• 122 or before – Roman island sanctuary on Grosser Hafner island.^[4]
• 256 - Town rebuilt by Alemanni.
• 610 – Castellum turegum mentioned by Columban, meaning probably the Gallo-Roman-Allemanic settlement

9th–14th centuries

• 853 – Fraumünster founded.
• 857 – St. Peter church first mentioned.^[5]
• before 1200 – Pfalz on the Lindenhof hill^[3]
• 1218 – Zürich becomes free imperial city.
• 1220 – Grossmünster inaugurated (approximate date).
• 1230 – Predigerkloster founded (no foundation document).
• 1231 – Predigerkirche Zürich, construction started.
• 1237 – Oetenbach nunnery first mentioned.
• 1267 – Feud between Zürich and Rudolf I von Habsburg against the Regensberg family (1267/68).
• 1270 – Augustinerkloster Zürich established and Augustinerkirche Zürich built.
• 1273 – First mention of Jews in Zürich.^[6]
• 1280 – Grimmenturm built by the Bilgeri ministerialis (around, maybe ~1250)
• 1291 – On 28 November 1291 Countess Elisabeth von Rapperswil concluded a three-year alliance with the city of Zürich against the Dukes of Austria-Habsburg.^[7]
• 1292 – Battle nearby Winterthur, Zürich defeated, legendary siege of Zürich.
• 1336
  • Guilds in operation, some members of the previous council refuged to Johann I (Habsburg-Laufenburg).
  • Zunft zum Kämbel established.
• 1349 – Pogrom against the Jewish population of Zürich.^[8]
• 1350 – Brun opponents executed on occasion of the so-called Mordnacht, Rapperswil Castle destroyed by Brun troops, Count Johann II von Rapperswil imprisoned,^[9] Dukes of Habsburg started counterattack and forced Zürich to search for new allies.^[10]
• 1351 – Zürich joins Swiss confederation.
• 1354 – Jews resettle in Zürich.^[11]
• 1377 – Haus zum Rüden (guildhouse) first mentioned.^[12]
• 1383 – Jewish citizens allowed to renew the Synagogue and the Jewish cemetery.^[13]
• 1389 – Zunfthaus zur Haue (guildhouse) first mentioned.^[14]

15th century

• 1407 – Herrschaft Regensberg became äussere Vogtei of Zürich.^[15]
• 1423 – Jewish citizens forced to leave Zürich^[16] until 1850.^[8]
• 1437 – Elisabeth von Matsch granted the mayor and council of the city of Zürich or their representatives the authority to act on their behalf, immediately after the usurpations of lands of the Toggenburg County by the cantons of Schwyz and Glarus, and to lock Grynow.^[17]
• 1440 – Zürich expelled from Swiss confederation; Old Zürich War begins.
• 1443 – Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl.
• 1451 – Zürich re-admitted to Swiss confederation.^[18]
• 1460 – Thurgau becomes part of city.
• 1467 – Winterthur becomes part of city.
• 1484 – Stein am Rhein becomes part of city.
• 1496 – Eglisau becomes part of city.

16th century

• 1518 – Huldrych Zwingli becomes pastor of Grossmünster.
• 1522 – Affair of the Sausages.
• 1522 – Katharina von Zimmern, last imperial abbess of Zürich, passed the Fraumünster Abbey into the possession of the city of Zürich.^{[19] [20]}
• 1524
  • Reformation in Zürich
  • Augustiner and Prediger monasteries and Oetenbach nunnery in Zürich and Rüti Monastery in Rüti nearby Rapperswil disestablished.
• 1525 - Carolinum Zürich and Rütiamt established
• 1527 – Kappel Abbey disestablished.
• 1531 – Froschauer Bible published.
• 1535 - Coverdale Bible published.^[21]
• 1576 – Murerplan published.

17th–18th centuries

• 1634 – City library established.
• 1634 – Jews are forbidden from entering the city.^[22]
• 1642 – Fortifications expanded
• 1648 – City status changes from Reichsstadt to Republik.
• 1662 – Bauschänzli at Bürkliplatz built.
• 1746
  • Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Zürich (scientific society).^[23]
  • Old botanical garden established.
• 1757 – Zunfthaus zur Meisen built.
• 1770 – Orell, Gessner, Füssli & Cie in business.^[24]
• 1780 - Zürcher Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.^[25]
• 1799
  • June – First Battle of Zurich.
  • September – Second Battle of Zurich.

19th century

• 1804 – Kantonspolizei Zürich (police) established as "Landjäger-Corps des Kantons Zürich."^[26]
• 1814 – Zürich District established.
• 1832 – Zunfthaus zur Saffran built.
• 1833 – University of Zurich founded.
• 1834 – Aktientheater built.
• 1836 - Confiserie Sprüngli in business.
• 1837
  • Staatsarchiv Zürich established.
  • Predecessor construction of Frauenbad Stadthausquai inaugurated.
• 1838 - Villa Belvoir and Münsterbrücke (bridge) built.
• 1839 – Züriputsch.
• 1847
  • Spanisch-Brötli-Bahn begins operating; Zürich Hauptbahnhof opens.
  • Bahnhofbrücke (bridge) built.
• 1850
  • Population 35,483 in city; 250,698 in canton.
  • The Jewish citizens are allowed to re-settle in Zürich (see 1423).^[8]
• 1853 – Villa Tobler built.
• 1855
  • Stock Exchange established.
  • Eidgenössische Polytechnische Schule and Zürich Oerlikon railway station open.
• 1859
  • 10 November: Peace treaty signed in Zürich.^[27]
  • Limmatquai built.
• 1860
  • Public schools established.
  • Population 44,978.
• 1862 – Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Zürich (ICZ) founded.
• 1868 - Tonhalle Orchester Zürich formed.^[28]
• 1870 – Population: 58,657.
• 1875 – Pestalozzianum founded.
• 1880 – Population: 78,345 in city; 316,074 in canton.
• 1884
  • Synagoge Zürich Löwenstrasse built.
  • Quaibrücke (bridge) built.
• 1886 – Strandbad Tiefenbrunnen opened.
• 1887 – Seeuferanlage by Arnold Bürkli, Arboretum Zürich and Bürkliplatz inaugurated.
• 1888
  • Population: 94,129.
  • Frauenbad Stadthausquai (public bath) opened.
• 1889 – Knabenschiessen begins.
• 1890 – Seebad Utoquai opened.
• 1891
  • Eduard Spelterini starts his Urania balloon.
  • opens.
  • Gottfried Keller Stiftung founded by Lydia Escher (1858–1891).^{[19] [20]}
• 1892 – Volkstheater am Pfauen built.
• 1893
  • City expands, incorporating Wollishofen, Enge, Leimbach, Wiedikon, Wipkingen, Fluntern and Hottingen, Aussersihl, Oberstrass, Unterstrass, Riesbach and Hirslanden.
  • Rathausbrücke built.
  • August: International Socialist and Labour Congress held in Zürich.
  • Tages-Anzeiger newspaper begins publication.
• 1895 – Orthodox Jews found the Israelitische Religionsgesellschaft Zürich.
• 1896
  • (hiking club) formed.^[29]
  • Sechseläutenplatz first mentioned.
• 1898
  • Bund Schweizerischer Frauenvereine (BSF) founded.
  • Swiss National Museum opens.
• 1900 – Population: 150,703 in city; 431,036 in canton.

20th century

1900s–1940s

• 1901 – Kriminalmuseum associated with the Kantonspolizei Zürich founded.
• 1902
  • Sechseläuten and Böögg-burning event commences.
  • Voliere Zürich established.
• 1903 – Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft (ZSG) founded.
• 1909 – Paddlesteamer Stadt Zürich put into commission.
• 1910
  • Kunsthaus Zürich opens.
  • Water airport Zürichhorn opens.
• 1906 - Schweizerisches Sozialarchiv founded.
• 1914
  • Zentralbibliothek Zürich (library) founded.
  • Paddlesteamer Stadt Rapperswil put into commission.
• 1915 – Mieterverband founded.
• 1916 - Cabaret Voltaire and Dada art movement founded.^[30]
• 1918 - During the Swiss General Strike, the Swiss Government responded by deploying 20,000 soldiers to Zürich.
• 1919 – Ad Astra Aero founded.
• 1920 - Population: 206,120 in city;^[31] 538,602 in canton.
• 1922
  • Kino Walche (cinema) opens.^[32]
  • Strandbad Mythenquai opened.
• 1926 – Der Schweizerische Beobachter founded.
• 1928
  • SAFFA exhibition at Saffa-Insel held.
  • Weltklasse Zürich begins.
• 1929 - Zürich Zoologischer Garten (zoo) opens.^[33]
• 1929 – Zürich hosts the sixteenth World Zionist congress.
• 1931 – Sukkulentensammlung established.
• 1937 - 2 June: Premiere of Berg's opera Lulu.
• 1937 – Zürich hosts the twentieth World Zionist congress.
• 1939
  • Hallenstadion opens.
  • Landi39 at Zürichhorn and Mythenquai
• 1941 – Bernhard-Theater Zürich founded by Rudolf Bernhard.
• 1945 – 4 March: Bombing by Allied forces.^[34]
• 1948 – Klubschule Migros founded.
• 1949 – Ex Libris (bookshop) became part the Migros group.^[35]

1950s–1990s

• 1951 – Reederei Zürich AG established.^[36]
• 1952 – Reederei Zürich cargo liner Adele christened by Adele Duttweiler^[37]
• 1954 – Zürich 6-day race begins.
• 1956 – Besuch der alten Dame premiered at Schauspielhaus Zürich, Ruedi Walter played the blind eunuch Loby,^[38] and Paul Bühlmann the conductor.^[39]
• 1959 – Theater am Hechtplatz opened.
• 1960 - Population: 440,170 in city; 952,304 in canton.
• 1961 – Theater am Neumarkt opened.
• 1962 – Les Sauterelles founded.
• 1963 – Mahmood Mosque, Zürich built.
• 1964 – Theater an der Winkelwiese opened.
• 1966 – Sigmund Widmer elected mayor.
• 1967 – Centre Le Corbusier inaugurated.
• 1971 – Musikabteilung established.^[40]
• 1975 – Limmat Verlag founded.
• 1976 – Rotpunktverlag founded.
• 1977 – Botanical Garden of the University of Zurich opens.^[41]
• 1979 – Ursula Koch refuses to swear on 'Vaterland'^[42]
• 1980
  • May: Opernhauskrawalle, the Opernhaus youth protests known as Züri brännt^[43] meaning Zürich is burning.
  • September: Zürcher Theater Spektakel begins.
  • October: Rote Fabrik opens as a youth culture centre.
• 1981
  • WOZ Die Wochenzeitung founded.
  • Züri brännt (movie), a documentary film of 1981.^[43]
• 1984
  • Opera House renovated.
  • Theater Rigiblick opened, built in 1901 as Rigiblick restaurant and former Gastsaal venue.^[44]
• 1986 – Irchelpark opened.
• 1988 – Sozialwerke Pfarrer Sieber founded by pastor Ernst Sieber.
• 1989 – Gesellschaft zu Fraumünster founded.
• 1992 – Street Parade begins.
• 1993 – Technopark Zürich established.
• 1995 – The ETH Zurich opens a documentation centre for Jewish history in their historical archives.
• 1996 – Langstrasse festival begins.
• 2000 - Population: 363,273 in city; 1,247,906 in canton.

21st century

• 2001 – Digitec founded.
• 2003 - Sister city relationship established with San Francisco, US.^[45]
• 2005 – Zurich Film Festival and Neujahrsmarathon Zürich begin.
• 2005 – The Jewish religious communities are recognised as legal entities in the canton of Zürich.^[46]
• 2008 – SIX Group formed.
• 2009
  • Corine Mauch elected mayor.^[47]
  • opens on the A3 motorway in vicinity of city.

See also

• List of mayors of Zürich
• List of cultural property of national significance in Switzerland: Zürich
• Timelines of other municipalities in Switzerland: Basel, Bern, Geneva

References

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

• • Book: Edinburgh Encyclopædia . Edinburgh Encyclopædia . David Brewster . David Brewster . Philadelphia . Joseph and Edward Parker . 1832 . Zurich . 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t3dz0hq2k?urlappend=%3Bseq=615 .
• Book: Guide through Switzerland and Chamounix . Francis Coghlan . Coghlan's Guides . 1839 . A.H. Baily and Co. . London . Zurich . https://books.google.com/books?id=2r3k1IFeTuwC&pg=PA147 .
• Zürich (town) . 28 . Coolidge . William Augustus Brevoort . William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge . 1057 - 1060 . 1910 . . 1.
• Book: Switzerland . Karl Baedeker . Coblenz . 1863. https://books.google.com/books?id=FWzgCYtW0_gC&pg=PA37 . Zurich and the Uetliberg.
  • • • • • Book: 1912. 2nd . Switzerland . . Berlin . Albert Goldschmidt . Zurich . 2027/uc1.$b264107?urlappend=%3Bseq=42 .

in German

• Book: Das alte Zürich . Salomon Vögelin . Zürich . Füssli & Co. . de . 1878-1890
• and Éditions Payot, Lausanne 2005, .

External links

• Web site: History of the City of Zurich . City of Zurich .
• Links to fulltext city directories for Zurich via Wikisource
• Europeana. Items related to Zurich, various dates.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Prehistoric Pile Dwellings in Switzerland. Swiss Coordination Group UNESCO Palafittes (palafittes.org). 2014-12-10. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20141007220441/http://www.palafittes.org/en/unesco-world-heritage/sites-switzerland/index.html. 7 October 2014. dmy-all.
2. Web site: World Heritage. palafittes.org. 2014-12-10. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20141209212026/http://www.palafittes.org/en/unesco-world-heritage/world-heritage/index.html. 9 December 2014. dmy-all.
3. Web site: Ein Bild einer Pfalz. Hochbaudepartement Stadt Zürich. de. 2015-01-07.
4. Beat Eberschweiler: Schädelreste, Kopeken und Radar: Vielfältige Aufgaben für die Zürcher Tauchequipe IV. In: NAU 8/2001. Amt für Städtebau der Stadt Zürich, Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Unterwasserarchäologie / Labor für Dendrochronologie. Zürich 2001.
5. Web site: St. Peterhofstatt. Gang dur Alt-Züri. Gebrüder Dürst. de. 2015-01-17.
6. Book: Wild, Dölf und Matt, Christoph Philipp. Zeugnisse jüdischen Lebens aus den mittelalterlichen Städten Zürich und Basel, in: Kunst und Architektur in der Schweiz. Synagogen. 2005. 14–20.
7. Web site: C I, zu Nr. 1343 Rat und Bürger von Zürich schliessen mit Gräfin Elisabeth von Rapperswil ein dreijähriges Bündnis gegen die Herzöge von Österreich., 1291.11.28 (Dokument) . Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich. de. 2015-08-02.
8. Web site: Die Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Zürich (ICZ) und ihre Synagoge in der Löwenstrasse. alemannia-judaica.de related to Synagoge Zürich Löwenstrasse. de. 2015-01-25.
9. Web site: C I, Nr. 1476 a Vogt, Rat und Bürger der Stadt Rapperswil erklären, dass ihr Herr, Herzog Rudolf von Österreich, mit Bürgern von Zürich ... (1358.05.20). Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich. de. 2015-08-08.
10. Web site: Mordnächte. HDS. Bernhard Stettler. de. 2009-11-24. 2015-01-30.
11. Web site: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online.
12. Web site: C II 18, Nr. 460 Vergabung des Meierhofs Dübendorf durch die Witwe von Ulrich Kessler an das Kloster Selnau vor der Äbtissin des Fraumüns... (1377.01.28). Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich. de. 2015-09-10.
13. Web site: C I, Nr. 287 Bischof Heinrich von Konstanz erneuert auf Bitten von Bürgermeister und Rat von Zürich den Juden dieser Stadt die bischö... (1383.11.02). Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich. de. 2015-08-08.
14. Web site: B VI 304 (fol. 37 r) Belastung namentlich genannter Güter durch Gottfried und Johans Meier von Baden vor dem Rat der Stadt Zürich (1389.06.28). Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich. de. 2015-08-12.
15. Web site: Regensberg, von. HDS. Martin Leonhard. de. 2013-01-29. 2015-08-28.
16. Web site: Auf den Spuren der mittelalterlichen Synagoge von Zürich: Archäologische Untersuchungen im Haus Froschaugasse 4. Stadt Zürich. de. 2002-08-08. 2015-01-25. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20151223022525/http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/mm/mm_allg/medien_hbd_froschaugasse_4.htm. 23 December 2015. dmy-all.
17. Web site: C I, Nr. 669 (Insert 2) Elisabeth von Matsch, Gräfin von Toggenburg, erteilt der Stadt Zürich oder deren Vertretern für das nach Luzern angesetzte Rechtsverfahren, an dem sie nicht persönlich teilnehmen kann, Vollmacht, in ihrem Namen zu handeln., 1437.02.16 (Dokument). Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich. de. 2015-08-01.
18. Book: . Political Chronology of Europe . 2003. 978-1-135-35687-3 . Switzerland . https://books.google.com/books?id=hVNvCz0c_gsC&pg=PA248 . 248+ .
19. Web site: Frauenehrungen. Gesellschaft zu Fraumünster. de. 2014-11-30.
20. Web site: Frauenehrungen der Gesellschaft zu Fraumünster. Gesellschaft zu Fraumünster. de. 2014. 2014-11-30. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150207162646/http://www.fraumuenstergesellschaft.ch/media/upload/aktivitaten/frauenehrung/frauenehrungen.pdf. 7 February 2015. dmy-all.
21. Web site: Timeline of Contemporary European Events, 1400 to 1550 . Illuminating the Renaissance: the Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe . Online Exhibitions . 2003 . British Library .
22. Web site: «Antisemitismus», in: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online.
23. Book: James E. McClellan. Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. 1985. Columbia University Press. 978-0-231-05996-1 .
24. Web site: Orell Füssli Verlag . Geschichte . Zürich . 26 August 2013 . de .
25. Book: Europa World Year Book . 2004. Taylor & Francis. 978-1-85743-255-8 . Switzerland: Directory . https://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&pg=PA4043 .
26. Web site: Polizei. HDS. Christoph Ebnöther. de. 2010-09-28. 2015-01-17.
27. Book: William Henry Overall. William Henry Overall. Dictionary of Chronology. 1870. William Tegg . London . Zurich . 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=933.
28. Book: Colin Lawson. Colin Lawson. Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. 2003. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-00132-8 . Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list) . https://books.google.com/books?id=1DW1WyiooSMC&pg=PA275 .
29. Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907 . A.J. Mackintosh . . UK . 1907 . 177 . 2027/njp.32101076197365?urlappend=%3Bseq=694 .
30. Web site: Germany and Switzerland, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events . Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . . New York . 30 September 2015 .
31. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . Statesman's Year-Book . 1921 . London . Macmillan and Co.. Switzerland: Principal Towns . 2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1375 . HathiTrust .
32. Web site: Movie Theaters in Zurich . CinemaTreasures.org . Cinema Treasures LLC . Los Angeles . 26 August 2013 .
33. Book: Vernon N. Kisling. Zoo and Aquarium History. 2000. . USA . 978-1-4200-3924-5 . Zoological Gardens of Switzerland (chronological list) . https://books.google.com/books?id=dxTrR5nOE0UC&pg=PA373 .
34. Book: Leo Schelbert. Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. 2014 . 2nd . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 978-1-4422-3352-2 . Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=XRevAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR21 .
35. Web site: Ex Libris Geschichte. exlibrisrecords.ch. de. 2015-06-17.
36. Web site: Z 2.2576 REEDEREI ZÜRICH AG, Zürich Hochseeschiffahrt (1951-1964). Staatsarchiv des Kantons Zürich. de. 2015-10-12.
37. Web site: Euses Schiff. Brückenbauer. de. 1952-07-25. 2015-10-10.
38. Web site: Walter, Ruedi. theaterwissenschaft.ch. de. 2013-12-05. 2015-09-23.
39. Web site: Paul Bühlmann. theaterwissenschaft.ch. Thomas Hostettler. de. 2013-12-05. 2015-09-24.
40. Web site: Musikabteilung. Zentralbibliothek Zürich. de. 2014-12-25.
41. Web site: Garden Search: Switzerland . . London . 30 September 2015 .
42. Web site: Amtseid aufs "Mutterland". Die Weltwoche 30/2007. Daniela Niederberger. de. 2007. 2014-12-18.
43. Web site: Meilensteine der Filmgeschichte an den Solothurner Filmtagen. 10vor10. de. 2015-01-16. 2015-01-16.
44. [Theater Rigiblick]
45. Web site: City & County of San Francisco . San Francisco Sister Cities . 30 December 2015 . US.
46. Web site: «Judentum», in: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online, 2016.
47. Web site: Zurich mayor . London . City Mayors.com . . 26 August 2013.