The United Nations has authorized 71 peacekeeping operations as of April 2018. These do not include interventions authorized by the UN like the Korean War and the Gulf War.[1] The 1990s saw the most UN peacekeeping operations to date. Peacekeeping operations are overseen by the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and share some common characteristics, namely the inclusion of a military or police component, often with an authorization for use of force under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations.[2] Peacekeeping operations are distinct from special political missions (SPMs), which are overseen by the Department of Political Affairs (DPA). SPMs are not included in the table below.[3] [4] [5]
| Start | End | Name | Acronym | Location | Purpose | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1948 | Ongoing | UN Truce Supervision Organization | UNTSO | To monitor ceasefire in the Arab-Israeli conflict. | Authorized in June 1948 after the First Arab-Israeli War. The first UN peacekeeping mission. | ||
| 1949 | Ongoing | UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan | UNMOGIP | To monitor India-Pakistan ceasefire in the Kashmir conflict. | Authorized after the First Indo-Pakistani War. |
| Start | End | Name | Acronym | Location | Purpose | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1956 | 1967 | UN Emergency Force I | UNEF I | To supervise withdrawal of Egyptian and Israeli troops from Suez Crisis. | First armed peacekeepers. Ended June 1967 during the buildup to the Six-Day War. | ||
| 1958 | 1958 | UN Observation Group in Lebanon | UNOGIL | To prevent troops and weapons entering Lebanon during crisis. | Ended December 1958 |
| Start | End | Name | Acronym | Location | Purpose | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 1964 | UN Operation in the Congo | ONUC | To prevent foreign intervention in and preserve territory of the Congo during the Congo Crisis. | Ended June 1964 | ||
| 1962 | 1963 | UNSF / UNTEA | Monitor ceasefire during transition of West Irian from Dutch to Indonesian rule. | Ended April 1963 | |||
| 1963 | 1964 | UN Yemen Observation Mission | UNYOM | Supervise disengagement of Saudi Arabia and Egypt from the North Yemeni Civil War. | Ended September 1964 | ||
| 1964 | Ongoing | UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus | UNFICYP | Prevent conflict between Greek and Turkish Cypriots. | |||
| 1965 | 1966 | Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic | DOMREP | Monitor situation caused by rival governments in Dominican Republic. | Ended October 1966 | ||
| 1965 | 1966 | UN India-Pakistan Observation Mission | UNIPOM | Supervise India-Pakistan ceasefire outside of Kashmir after the Second Indo-Pakistani War. | Ended March 1966 |
| Start | End | Name | Acronym | Location | Purpose | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1973 | 1979 | UN Emergency Force II | UNEF II | Supervise withdrawal of forces from the Sinai Peninsula after Egypt, Syria and Israel fought in the Yom Kippur War. | Ended July 1979 | ||
| 1974 | Ongoing | UN Disengagement Observer Force | UNDOF | Golan Heights(disputed between and) | Maintain ceasefire between Syria and Israel on the Golan Heights. | ||
| 1978 | Ongoing | UN Interim Force in Lebanon | UNIFIL | Supervise Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon. Keep the international peace and security, and help the Lebanese Government restore its effective authority in the area. |
| Start | End | Name | Acronym | Location | Purpose | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | 1990 | UN Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan | UNGOMAP | Afghanistan | Enforce Afghanistan and Pakistan from mutual non-interference. | Ended March 1990 | |
| 1988 | 1991 | UN Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group | UNIIMOG | Supervise ceasefire after the Iran-Iraq War. | Ended February 1991 | ||
| 1989 | 1991 | UN Angola Verification Mission I | UNAVEM I | Supervise withdrawal of Cuban troops from the Angolan Civil War. | Ended June 1991 | ||
| 1989 | 1990 | UN Transition Assistance Group | UNTAG | (after 1990) | Supervise Namibia's elections and transition to independence from South Africa. | Ended March 1990 | |
| 1989 | 1992 | UN Observer Group in Central America | ONUCA | Monitor ceasefire in the Nicaraguan Civil War. | Ended January 1992 |
| Start | End | Name | Acronym | Location | Purpose | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 2003 | UN Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission | UNIKOM | Enforce Kuwait-Iraq border after Gulf War. | Ended 2003 | ||
| 1991 | 1995 | UN Angola Verification Mission II | UNAVEM II | Enforce ceasefire in the Angolan Civil War. | Ended February 1995 | ||
| 1991 | 1995 | UN Observer Mission in El Salvador | ONUSAL | Enforce ceasefire in the Salvadoran Civil War. | Ended April 1995 | ||
| 1991 | Ongoing | UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara | MINURSO | (independence disputed by) | Implement ceasefire and help promote referendum on area's future after the Western Sahara War. | ||
| 1991 | 1992 | UN Advance Mission in Cambodia | UNAMIC | Prepare way for UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia after the Cambodian–Vietnamese War. | Ended March 1992 | ||
| 1992 | 1995 | UN Protection Force | UNPROFOR and UNPREDEP[6] | Protect area of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Republic of Macedonia during the Yugoslav Wars. | restructured December 1995 | ||
| 1992 | 1993 | UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia | UNTAC | Assist reorganization of Cambodia. | Ended September 1993 | ||
| 1992 | 1993 | UN Operation in Somalia I | UNOSOM I | Enforce ceasefire during the Somali Civil War, reorganized as Unified Task Force (UNITAF[7]) | Replaced March 1993 by UNOSOM II | ||
| 1992 | 1993 | UN Observer Mission to Verify the Referendum in Eritrea | UNOVER | Ethiopia | Monitor referendum for independence of Eritrea from Ethiopia. | Ended April 1993 | |
| 1992 | 1994 | UN Operation in Mozambique | ONUMOZ | Monitor ceasefire in the Mozambican Civil War. | Ended December 1994 | ||
| 1993 | 1995 | UN Operation in Somalia II | UNOSOM II | Stabilize Somalia and assist humanitarian efforts during the Somali Civil War. | Ended March 1995 | ||
| 1993 | 1994 | UN Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda | UNOMUR | To enforce ceasefire between Rwanda and the rebel group based in Uganda during the Rwandan Civil War. | Ended September 1994 | ||
| 1993 | 2009 | UN Observer Mission in Georgia | UNOMIG | (independence from Georgia not recognized by international community) | Enforce ceasefire between Georgia and Abkhaz separatists after the Abkhaz War. | Russia vetoed extension in June 2009 | |
| 1993 | 1996 | UN Observer Mission in Liberia | UNOMIL | Monitor ceasefire and elections after the First Liberian Civil War. | Ended September 1997 | ||
| 1993 | 1996 | UN Mission in Haiti | UNMIH | Stabilize Haiti after coup overturned. | Ended June 1996 | ||
| 1993 | 1996 | UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda | UNAMIR | Monitor ceasefire, and after the Rwandan Genocide to promote relief efforts. | Ended March 1996 | ||
| 1994 | 1994 | UN Aouzou Strip Observer Group | UNASOG | Monitor Libya's withdrawal from disputed territory given by International Court of Justice to Chad. | Ended June 1994 | ||
| 1994 | 2002 | UN Mission of Observers in Tajikistan | UNMOT | Monitor ceasefire in the Tajikistani Civil War. | Ended May 2000 | ||
| 1995 | 1997 | UN Angola Verification Mission III | UNAVEM III | Monitor ceasefire and disarmament. | Ended June 1997, but follow-up mission MONUA | ||
| 1995 | 1996 | UN Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia | UNCRO | Attempts to implement ceasefire in the Croatian War. | Ended January 1996 | ||
| 1995 | 1999 | UN Preventive Deployment Force | UNPREDEP | Replaced UNPROFOR in the Republic of Macedonia and monitored border with Albania. | Ended February 1999 | ||
| 1995 | 2002 | UN Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina | UNMIBH | Monitor human rights, demining, relief after the Bosnian War. | Ended 31 December 2002 | ||
| 1996 | 1998 | UN Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja, and Western Sirmium | UNTAES | Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia | Supervises integration of region into Croatia. | Ended January 1998 | |
| 1996 | 2002 | UN Mission of Observers in Prevlaka | UNMOP | Monitor demilitarization of the Prevlaka peninsula, Croatia. | Ended December 2002 | ||
| 1996 | 1997 | UN Support Mission in Haiti | UNSMIH | Modernize police and army of Haiti. | Ended July 1997 | ||
| 1997 | 1997 | UN Verification Mission in Guatemala | MINUGUA | Monitor ceasefire in the Guatemalan Civil War. | Ended May 1997 | ||
| 1997 | 1999 | UN Observer Mission in Angola | MONUA | Monitoring ceasefire and disarmament. | Ended February 1999 | ||
| 1997 | 1997 | UN Transition Mission in Haiti | UNTMIH | Help stabilize Haiti. | Ended November 1997 | ||
| 1997 | 2000 | UN Civilian Police Mission in Haiti | MIPONUH | Modernize Haiti's police forces. | Ended March 2000 | ||
| 1998 | 1998 | UN Civilian Police Support Group | UNPSG | Monitor Croatian police | Ended October 1998 | ||
| 1998 | 2000 | UN Mission in the Central African Republic | MINURCA | Maintaining security and stability in Central African Republic | Ended February 2000 | ||
| 1998 | 1999 | UN Observer Mission in Sierra Leone | UNOMSIL | Monitor disarmament and demobilization in the Sierra Leone Civil War. | Ended October 1999 | ||
| 1999 | Ongoing | UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo | UNMIK | Kosovo(later, claimed by) | Exercise administrative authority, including administration of justice in Kosovo | ||
| 1999 | 2005 | UN Mission in Sierra Leone | UNAMSIL | Help stabilize and disarm Sierra Leone | Ended December 2005 | ||
| 1999 | 1999 | UN Mission in East Timor | UNAMET | Indonesian Occupied East Timor | To oversee popular consultation on political relation to Indonesia | Ended 1999, See UNTAET the follow-up mission. | |
| 1999 | 2002 | UN Transitional Administration in East Timor | UNTAET | East Timor (later independent) | Transition East Timor to independence | Ended May 2002. See UNMISET the follow-up mission. | |
| 1999 | 2010 | UN Organization Mission in Democratic Republic of the Congo | MONUC | Monitor ceasefire in Democratic Republic of the Congo | Ended June 2010. See MONUSCO the follow-up mission. |
| Start | End | Name | Acronym | Location | Purpose | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 2008 | UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea | UNMEE | Enforce ceasefire after the Eritrean–Ethiopian War. | Ended July 2008 after both Eritrea (forced out UN troops) and Ethiopia (refused to accept ICJ ruling on the border) refused to cooperate | ||
| 2002 | 2005 | United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor | UNMISET | To ensure security and stabilise the nascent state during the post-independence period. | Ended May 2005 | ||
| 2003 | 2018 | United Nations Mission in Liberia | UNMIL | Oversee ceasefire and train national police after the Second Liberian Civil War. | |||
| 2004 | 2017 | United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire | UNOCI | Facilitate implementation of peace process after the First Ivorian Civil War | |||
| 2004 | 2017 | United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti | MINUSTAH | Return stability to Haiti | Later Coordinated security response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake | ||
| 2004 | 2006 | United Nations Operation in Burundi | ONUB | To help implement the Arusha accords | ended December 2006, replaced by BINUB | ||
| 2005 | 2011 | United Nations Mission in the Sudan | UNMIS | To support implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement after the Second Sudanese Civil War, perform certain functions relating to humanitarian assistance, and protection and promotion of human rights | ended in July 2011, succeeded by UNMISS. | ||
| 2006 | 2012 | United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste | UNMIT | To support the Government in consolidating stability, enhancing a culture of democratic governance, and facilitating political dialogue among Timorese stakeholders, in their efforts to bring about a process of national reconciliation and to foster social cohesion | |||
| 2007 | Ongoing | United Nations African Union Mission in Darfur | UNAMID | To monitor arms trade and shipping, to cause and keep a ceasefire during the War in Darfur. | |||
| 2007 | 2010 | United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad | MINURCAT | Established due to refugee crisis from the Darfur genocide in Sudan. | ended December 2010 due to opposition by Chadian government |
| Start | End | Name | Acronym | Purpose | Comment | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Ongoing | UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo | MONUSCO | Monitor ceasefire in Democratic Republic of the Congo | |||
| 2011 | Ongoing | UN Interim Security Force for Abyei | UNISFA | Abyei (disputed by and) | Monitor ceasefire in Abyei | ||
| 2011 | Ongoing | UN Mission in the Republic of South Sudan | UNMISS | Assist the new state of South Sudan | |||
| 2012 | 2012 | UN Support Mission in Syria | UNSMIS | Monitor the ceasefire agreement in the Syrian Civil War. | |||
| 2017 | 2019 | UN Mission for Justice Support in Haiti | MINUJUSTH | Assist the Government to further develop the Haitian National Police (HNP); to strengthen Haiti's rule of law institutions, including the justice and prisons; and to promote and protect human rights in Haiti |