Timeline of Treblinka extermination camp explained

See also: Grossaktion Warsaw (1942). This article presents the timeline of events at Treblinka extermination camp during the most deadly[1] phase of the Holocaust in World War II.[2] [3] [4] All deportations were from German occupied Poland, except where noted. In most cases the number of deportees are not exact figures, but rather approximations.

Days are listed in chronological order, nevertheless, a number of dates are missing from the below tables which means only that no waybills survived for those particular dates. It does not mean that transports were not arriving or were not processed from layover yards, when applicable.[2]

Day-by-day

Day #Day of weekDateNumber of deporteesDeported fromCumulative total deporteesKnown deporteesMajor Events
TuesdayCommandant Irmfried Eberl writes to Heinz Auerswald that Treblinka will be ready to start operations on .
1Wednesday6,500Warsaw Ghetto6,500First deportation from Warsaw Ghetto.
2Thursday7,300Warsaw13,800Treblinka becomes fully operational.
3Friday7,400Warsaw21,200
4Saturday7,530Warsaw28,730
5Sunday6,400Warsaw35,130
6Monday6,320Warsaw41,450
7Tuesday5,020Warsaw46,470
8Wednesday5,480Warsaw51,950
9Thursday6,430Warsaw58,380
10Friday6,756Warsaw65,136
11Saturday6,220Warsaw71,356
12Sunday6,276Warsaw77,632
13Monday6,458Warsaw84,090
14Tuesday6,568Warsaw90,658
15Wednesday6,623Warsaw97,281
15Wednesday30,000Radom Ghetto127,281First train of ghetto liquidation action lasting for two weeks with cumulative number of victims.
16Thursday10,085Warsaw137,366 and 200 orphansFahrplananordnung Nr. 548; Warsaw – Treblinka.[5] [6] One of many:
17Friday10,672Warsaw148,038A German food giveaway creates a backlog at the loading ramp. Four transports in two days cannot accommodate all the people lining up at the Umschlagplatz (Warsaw Ghetto)Umschlagplatz for the promised bread, some over several days, such was the hunger.[7]
18Saturday7,304Warsaw155,342
19Sunday6,292Warsaw161,634
20Monday2,158Warsaw163,792
21Tuesday7,725Warsaw171,517
22Wednesday4,688Warsaw176,205
23Thursday4,313Warsaw180,518
24Friday5,168Warsaw185,686
25Saturday3,633Warsaw189,319
26Sunday4,095Warsaw193,414
27Monday4,160Warsaw197,574
28Tuesday3,926Warsaw201,500
29Wednesday4,000Warsaw205,500
29Wednesday6,500Falenica212,000
29Wednesday7,000Otwock219,000
29Wednesday1,800Rembertów220,800
29Wednesday3,000Jadwisin223,800
29Wednesday3,000Radzymin226,800
29Wednesday2,200Wołomin229,000
29Wednesday700Jadów229,700
29Wednesday5,500Parczew235,200
30Thursday4,000Warsaw239,200
30Thursday21,000Kielce260,200
31Friday3,000Warsaw263,200
31Friday6,120Mińsk Mazowiecki Ghetto closure269,320
32Saturday3,000Warsaw272,320
32Saturday5,000Siedlce277,320
32Saturday3,500Łosice280,820
32Saturday3,800Mordy284,620
33Sunday3,000Warsaw287,620
34Monday3,000Warsaw290,620
35Tuesday3,002Warsaw293,622
35Tuesday11,000Międzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto304,622Fahrplananordnung Nr. 562; Międzyrzec – Treblinka
36Wednesday3,000Warsaw307,622Odilo Globocnik, Christian Wirth and Josef Oberhauser visit Treblinka. Irmfried Eberl is relieved of command.
37Thursday2,454Warsaw310,07653,750 Warsaw Jews have been deported in the past 15 days.[8]
38FridayUnknownŁukówFahrplananordnung Nr. 565; Łuków – Treblinka. Odilo Globocnik temporarily suspends deportations to Treblinka. The gas chambers have continually broken down and the burial pits are overflowing with bodies. The SS resorts to shooting incoming Jews in the arrival area of the camp and piling bodies throughout the camp. In August, Globocnik orders Franz Stangl, commandant of Sobibor, to replace Dr. Irmfried Eberl as commandant of Treblinka. Stangl restores order in the camp and supervises the building of new gas chambers, which are operational in early autumn 1942. Transports of Warsaw and Radom Jews begin to arrive again in September 1942.[9]
41MondayCommandant Irmfried Eberl leaves Treblinka.
42TuesdayFranz Stangl becomes Commandant of Treblinka II. New, larger gas chambers have been erected to augment older chambers, and commence use. The new chambers are able to kill 12,000 to 15,000 victims every day,[10] with the maximum capacity of 22,000 executions in 24 hours.[11]
44Thursday4,609Warsaw314,685Warsaw deportations are restarted. New arrivals are processed the next morning.
45Friday1,669Warsaw316,354[12]
47Sunday3,634Warsaw319,988
48Monday6,840Warsaw326,828
49Tuesday13,596Warsaw340,424
50Wednesday6,616Warsaw347,040
50WednesdayUnknownCzęstochowa Ghetto
51Thursday5,199Warsaw352,239
52Friday5,000Warsaw357,239Jewish-Argentinian inmate Meir Berliner stabs SS-Oberscharführer Max Biala to death in a planned attack. Berliner is then executed by camp officers.
53Saturday4,806Warsaw362,045Abraham Krzepicki escapes.
56Tuesday6,000Kałuszyn368,045
56Tuesday1,000Kołbiel369,045
56Tuesday1,000Mrozy/Kuflew370,045
56Tuesday700Siennica370,745
56Tuesday700Stanisławów371,445
56Tuesday1,000?Gniewoszów HMM372,445
57Wednesday6,000Jędrzejów378,445
57Wednesday1,000Sędziszów379,445Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587; Sędziszów – Treblinka
57Wednesday1,500Szczekociny380,945
57Wednesday5,000Włoszczowa385,945
57Wednesday3,000Wodzisław388,945
62Monday2,196Warsaw391,141The last transport from the Polish capital. It includes Jewish police forced to help with deportations throughout Grossaktion Warsaw, and their families.
62Monday2,500Skarżysko-Kamienna393,641
62Monday4,000Suchedniów397,641
62Mondaysums to 40,000Częstochowa GhettoFahrplananordnung Nr. 594; Częstochowa – Treblinka (one of many consecutive transports). The Ghetto clearing took place in three weeks between September 21, 1942, and October 8, 1942. Some 7,000 Jews were deported to Treblinka on this day. Members of the Judenrat were sent from Częstochowa on October 4, 1942 (see below).[13]
63Tuesday5,800Sokołów Podlaski403,441
63Tuesday8,300Węgrów411,741
63Tuesday1,100Kosów Lacki412,841
63Tuesday1,100Sterdyń413,941
63Tuesday2,000Stoczek415,941
64Wednesday10,000Szydłowiec425,941Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587 (one of many)
67Saturday5,000Siedlce430,941
67Saturday4,800Biała Podlaska435,741
68Sunday1,240Łaskarzew436,981Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587
68Sunday13,000Kozienice449,981Fahrplananordnung Nr. 587
70Tuesday10,000?Zwoleń[14] 459,981
72Thursday2,000Busko-Zdrój461,981
72Thursday8,000Chmielnik469,981
72Thursday4,000Nowy Korczyn473,981
72Thursday3,000Pacanów476,981
72Thursday3,000Pińczów479,981
72Thursday2,000Radzyń481,981
73Friday3,440Parysów485,421
73Friday3,680Sobienie-Jeziory489,101
73Friday1,640Sobolew490,741
73Friday10,000Żelechów500,741
75SundaycontinuingCzęstochowa Ghetto
76Monday7,000Łuków507,741Transports unnumbered. Brothers Zygmunt & arrive from the Łódź Ghetto. Both escape successfully during the uprising; Oskar wrote down his groundbreaking Ten Months in Treblinka in 1943 while in hiding with the Polish rescuers.[15] [16] [17]
76Monday1,000Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia508,741
76MondaycontinuingCzęstochowa Ghetto548,741
77Tuesday800Żarki549,541
77TuesdayUnknownMiędzyrzec Podlaski Ghetto
78Wednesday1,600Koniecpol551,141
78Wednesday2,000Łagów553,141
79Thursday1,000Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia554,141,,
81Saturday14,000Radomsko568,141
82Sunday11,000Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski579,141
86Thursday22,000Piotrków Ghetto601,141The "Aktion" at Piotrków lasted for eight days beginning October 14, 1942. The total of 22,000 prisoners were split into four transports which included Jews expelled to Piotrków from Kamieńsk, Przygłów, Sulejów, Srock, Tuszyn, Wolborz and Rozprza. They did not arrive at Treblinka in one day. Among them were Jews from Bełchatów, Kalisz, Gniezno and Płock also deported to Piotrków.[18]

Old gas chambers cease operation and are replaced with new. Meanwhile, mass deportations from Bezirk Bialystok had just begun, and continue until February 19, 1943. In the next four months over 110,000 Jews from Bialystok General District (which includes Nazi counties of Bialystok Land, Bielsk, Grajewo, Grodno, Łomża, Sokółka, and Wolkowysk) are deported to Treblinka and annihilated.
86Thursday1,500Gozdowice, German Reich602,641
86Thursday500Kamieńsk603,141
86Thursday2,000Przygłów605,141
86Thursday1,500Sulejów606,641
86Thursday4,500Starachowice611,141
86Thursday4,000Chotcza Nowa615,141
86Thursday600Ciepielów615,741
86Thursday2,000Iłża617,741
86Thursday3,000Lipsko620,741
86Thursday2,000Sienno622,741
86Thursday7,000Tarłów629,741
86Thursday4,000Wierzbnik, German Reich633,741
86Thursday1,600Iwaniska635,341
86Thursday3,300Ciechanowice, German Reich638,641
86Thursday2,000Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia640,641
90Monday2,000Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia642,641
91Tuesday6,500Opatów Ghetto649,141
92WednesdayAron Gelbard escapes.
93Thursday15,000Tomaszów Mazowiecki664,141
93Thursday4,000Biała Rawska668,141
93Thursday2,000Orszewice670,141
93Thursday3,000Koluszki673,141
93Thursday3,000Nowe Miasto nad Pilicą676,141
93Thursday3,000Opoczno679,141
93Thursday4,000Przysucha683,141
93Thursday2,000Terezín Ghetto, Czechoslovakia685,141
96Sunday500Osiek685,641
102Saturday4,000Rawa Mazowiecka689,641
102Saturday2,000Żarnów691,641
102Saturday800Ujazd,[19] German Reich692,441
102Saturday900Ćmielów693,341
102Saturday500Kunów693,841
102Saturday1,600Koprzywnica695,441
102Saturday4,500Ożarów699,941
104Monday4,330Siemiatycze704,271
105Tuesday9,000Końskie713,271
105Tuesday1,000Gowarczów714,271
105Tuesday4,000Radoszyce718,271
107Thursday5,000Stopnica723,271
109Saturday6,000Staszów729,271
109Saturday3,000Łuków732,271
112Tuesday1,300Goniądz733,571Liquidation of Kielbasin Sammellagger transit camp outside Grodno in the Bezirk Bialystok District, commencing deportation action of up to 28,000 Jews expelled and imprisoned at Kielbasin from 22 surrounding cities and towns of the two sub-districts including Sokolka. The transports arriving at Treblinka started on November 10, 1942, and continued until December 15 for over a month (they did not arrive in one day). The Jews brought for gassing in trains from Kielbasin originated from the following settlements: Goniądz, Trzcianne, Augustów, Grajewo, Rajgród, Szczuczyn, Druskieniki, Jeziory, Lunna, Ostryna, Porzecze, Skidel, Sopockinie, Dąbrowa, Indura, Janow, Krynki, Kuźnica, Korycin, Odelsk, Sidra, Sokółka, Suchowola, and the Grodno Ghetto. Some 9,100 victims among them came from the Borgusze transit camp nearby.[20]
112Tuesday1,200Trzcianne734,771
112Tuesday2,000Augustów736,771
112Tuesday2,500Grajewo739,271
112Tuesday600Rajgród739,871
112Tuesday1,500Szczuczyn741,371
112Tuesday500Druskininkai, now Lithuania741,871
112Tuesday2,000Jeziory743,871
112Tuesday1,500Lunna745,371
112Tuesday2,000Ostrynka747,371
112Tuesday1,000Porzecze748,371
112Tuesday3,000Skidal751,371
112Tuesday2,000Sapotskin, now Belarus753,371
112Tuesday1,000Dąbrowa Białostocka754,371
112Tuesday2,500Indura756,871
112Tuesday950Janów757,821
112Tuesday5,000Krynki762,821
112Tuesday1,000Kuźnica763,821
112Tuesday1,000Korycin764,821
112Tuesday500Odelsk765,321
112Tuesday350Sidra765,671
112Tuesday8,000Sokółka773,671
112Tuesday5,100Suchowola778,771
112Tuesday1,500Grodno Ghetto, now Belarus780,271
112Tuesday850Jałówka781,121Liquidation of Volkovysk transit camp. Deportation of up to 16,300 Jews imprisoned temporarily. Similar to the Sammellagger in Kielbasin, the transports began on November 10, 1942, and continued until December 15, 1942, for over a month (none of them arrived in one day). The Jews brought to Treblinka from Volkovysk camp originated from the ghettos in the following settlements: Jałówka, Lyskow, Mosty, Porozow, Roś, Różana, Swislocz, Wolkovysk, and Wolpa.[21]
112Tuesday600Lyskow781,721
112Tuesday350Mosty782,071
112Tuesday1,000Porozow783,071
112Tuesday1,000Ros784,071
112Tuesday3,000Różana787,071
112Tuesday3,000Svislach, now Belarus790,071
112Tuesday7,000Vawkavysk, now Belarus797,071
112Tuesday1,500Wolfa798,571
117Sunday1,000Gniewoszów799,571
122Friday40 carsBiala Podlaska?From the communiqué published in January 1943 by the Office of Information of the underground Armia Krajowa, based on the observation of locked freight trains passing through with prisoners destined for Treblinka. Meanwhile, 35 cars with goods were sent to the Third Reich on the way back in five days.
123Saturday40 carsBialystok?
124Sunday40 carsBialystok?
126Tuesday40 carsGrodno?
132Monday1,700Siedlce801,271
163ThursdayAccording to the Höfle Telegram, the cumulative total of deportees to this date was 713,555, and 10,335 had been deported during the two weeks previous to this date. Substantial quantity of November deportations is not in the report.
163ThursdayEscape from the Totenlager (extermination area) via a tunnel. Only Lazar Sharson successfully escapes.
169Wednesday4,000Radomsko805,271
173Sunday6,000Sandomierz811,271
176Wednesday1,500Radom Ghetto812,771
176Wednesday5,000Szydłowiec817,771
181Monday1,200Warsaw818,971
181Monday1,600Grodno Ghetto, now Belarus820,571First stage of Grodno Ghetto liquidation under Kriminalkommissar Heinz Errelis who personally shoots at least 100. Over the course of 5 days, dubbed by the Jews "Operation 10,000" results in a total of some 10,000 Jews sent mostly to Auschwitz through Kielbasin Sammellagger transit camp nearby.[22]
182Tuesday1,200Warsaw821,771
183Wednesday1,200Warsaw822,971
184Thursday1,200Warsaw824,171
185Friday1,200Warsaw825,371
188Monday2,120Jasionówka827,491
203Tuesday10,000Białystok Ghetto837,491Fahrplananordnung Nr. 552; Bialystok – Treblinka
208Sunday4,400Grodno Ghetto, Belarus841,891Fahrplananordnung Nr. 552; Grodno – Treblinka. Final liquidation of the Ghetto, dubbed "Operation 5,000." Victims are sent in three trains agreed on January 15, 1943, by Berlin. An additional train, Pj 165, leaves Grodno for Treblinka on February 16.[23]
244ThursdayBulgarian military and police authorities transfer 11,343 Jews from the Bulgarian-occupied Thrace, Macedonia and (Serbian) Pirot to German custody pursuant to a February agreement between the SS and representatives of the Bulgarian government. German SS and police officials deport these Jews to Treblinka, where almost all are gassed or shot upon arrival.
244Monday2,338Skopje, Bulgaria844,229
247Thursday2,402Skopje, Bulgaria846,631
248FridayFahrplananordnung Nr. 567; Transport from the Reich
250SundayTelegramm; Transports from Bulgaria and Greece to Treblinka
251Monday2,404Skopje, Bulgaria849,035
272Monday7,000Warsaw856,035Result of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
283FridayBerek Lajcher, Treblinka revolt leaderFinal Wegrów Ghetto liquidation
377Monday<-- Deleted image removed: -->Treblinka revolt erupts. Some 300 prisoners performing forced labor – aware that the SS will soon kill them – stage an uprising after the initial date of the revolt set for June 15 was postponed due to grenade detonation at the undressing area. Prisoners quietly seize weapons from the camp armory, set fire to barracks, and storm the main gate. Hundreds attempt to climb the barbed-wire fence, but the SS with Trawniki guards kill two-thirds of them with machine-gun fire. Less than a hundred escape successfully, chased in cars and on horses. Camp deportations and gassing operations halt the following month.
393WednesdayBiałystok GhettoResult of the Białystok Ghetto Uprising. Fahrplananordnung Nr. 290; Bialystok – Treblinka.
394Thursday7,600Białystok Ghetto863,635+7,600 over the two days.Last Jewish transport to Treblinka. All of the deportees on the transport are killed upon arrival.

See also

References

Works cited

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Biuletyn Glownej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich W Polsce [Bulletin of the Main Commission for the Investigation of Nazi Crimes in Poland] Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Prawnicze [Legal Publishing House]. 1960.
  2. Young, Clancy "Treblinka Death Camp Day-by-Day" H.E.A.R.T - Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team. Tables with record of daily deportations. Retrieved 5 November 2015 via Internet Archive
  3. [Israel Gutman|Gutman, Israel]
  4. [Alexander Donat|Donat, Alexander]
  5. [Saul Friedländer|Friedländer, Saul]
  6. Lewin, Abraham (1988). Antony Polonsky, ed. A Cup of Tears: A Diary of the Warsaw Ghetto. Oxford. p. 148.
  7. Book: Edelman, Marek . November 1945 . https://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/Holocaust/warsaw-uprising.html . Marek Edelman. The Ghetto Fights . Also published as The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising . The Warsaw Ghetto: The 45th Anniversary of the Uprising. 17–39 . First published as monograph in 1945; republished as chapter in an edited work, 1990.
  8. Jewish Virtual Library, Chronology of Jewish Persecution: 1942 West Bloomfield, MI. Source: Holocaust Memorial Center
  9. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007257 Treblinka: Chronology
  10. http://www.ounsdale.staffs.sch.uk/auschwitz/Links/Treblinka.pdf Treblinka Death Camp, with photographs
  11. Book: Sumler . David E. . A history of Europe in the twentieth century . 1973 . Dorsey Press . Homewood, Illinois (US) . 978-0-256-01421-1 . 250 . registration .
  12. BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 3, Factories of Death.
  13. Web site: Czestochowa . HolocaustResearchProject.org . H.E.A.R.T . 2007 . 10 May 2014 . Kuwalek. Robert. Carmelo. Lisciotto . By June 1942 the ghetto’s population had increased to around 40–50,000..
  14. Encyclopedia: Jolanta . Kraemer. Dean . Martin . Series editor: Geoffrey P. Megargee . The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945 . 2009 . Indiana University Press; in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . Bloomington, Indiana; Washington, D.C. . 9780253353283 . 354–356 . Section III: General Government (Generalgouvernement) – Radom Region . II: Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe – Part A . Zwoleń . Chapter PDF download – via Project Muse.
  15. Book: Kerenji, Emil. Jewish Responses to Persecution: 1942–1943 . Rowman & Littlefield . 978-1442236271 . 2014 . 21 December 2014 . 46, 53, 76–77.
  16. Web site: Strawczynski / Strawczynski, Oscar, Zygmunt, Guta and Abus . DeathCamps.org . Treblinka Roll of Remembrance . 22 April 2006 . 21 December 2014 . ARC.
  17. Web site: Ten Months in Treblinka! The Oscar Strawczynski Story . HolocaustResearchProject.org . H.E.A.R.T 2009 . 1943 . 21 December 2014 . Oscar . Strawczynski.
  18. Web site: Piotrkow Trybunalski: The First Ghetto in Occupied Poland . HolocaustResearchProject.org . 2007 . May 10, 2014 . H.E.A.R.T .
  19. Web site: Ujazd: History . Virtual Shtetl . Museum of the History of Polish Jews; Association of the Jewish Historical Institute of Poland.
  20. Web site: Kielbasin Transit Camp: Cities and Towns Where Those in Kielbasin Came From . Geni.com . 2014 . 9 May 2014.
  21. Web site: The German occupation - 4: temporary camp outside the city of Wolkowysk . Lost Jewish Worlds . Liquidation of the Ghettos and the Deportations to the Camps (November 2, 1942 – March 12, 1942) . 9 May 2014.
  22. http://www.grodnoonline.org/P1-110.htm The People vs. Kurt Wiese and Heinz Errelis Accused of Murder. Verdict and Judgment.
  23. http://www.grodnoonline.org/P111-END.htm Excerpts from the Bielefelf Trial. Final Verdict.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Timeline of Treblinka extermination camp".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.