Timeline of South Asian and diasporic LGBT history explained

This is a timeline of notable events in the history of non-heterosexual conforming people of South Asian ancestry, who may identify as LGBTIQGNC (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer, third gender, gender nonconforming), men who have sex with men, or related culturally-specific identities^[1] such as Hijra, Aravani, Thirunangaigal, Khwajasara, Kothi, Thirunambigal, Jogappa, Jogatha, or Shiva Shakti.^{[2] [3]} The recorded history traces back at least two millennia.

This timeline includes events both in South Asia and in the global South Asian diaspora, as the histories are deeply linked.^{[4] [5]} South Asia includes the modern day nations of Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma (Myanmar), India, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka; in some references, the South Asian subcontinent will also include Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tibet. The South Asian diaspora includes, but is not limited to South Asian LGBTQ communities in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Caribbean Islands, Southeast Asia, and elsewhere.

Early history

400 BCE - 200 BCE

• Sculptures on temples and artwork from around 500 BC in Lanka depict liberal views on sexuality and homosexuality.^[6]
• Vatsyayana's The Kama Sutra devotes an entire chapter to homosexuality with explicit detailed instructions on how to perform homosexual acts.^[7]

3rd century BC to c. 4th century AD

• Tamil Sangam literature refers to relationships between two men and explores the lives of trans women in the Aravan cult in Koovagam village in Tamil Nadu.^[8]

~1529

• Emperor Babur's memoirs, the Baburnama, include a recollection of a supposed homoerotic relationship with a teenage boy.

1530s

• The Fatawa-e-Alamgiri of the Mughal Empire mandated a common set of punishments for homosexuality, which could include 50 lashes for a slave, 100 for a free infidel, or death by stoning for a Muslim.^{[9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]}

1750-1830

• Emergence of Rekhti chapti-namahs, or female non-sexual homosocial narratives, in Urdu poetry.^[15]

1861

• Anti-sodomy section of Offences against the Person Act 1861 imposed on entire British Empire, that says "Whosoever shall be convicted of the abominable Crime of Buggery, committed either with Mankind or with any Animal, shall be liable, at the Discretion of the Court, to be kept in Penal Servitude for Life or for any Term not less than Ten Years." This section is credited with giving birth to the controversial Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code.^[16]

1871

• Hijras labeled a "criminal tribe" under the Criminal Tribes Act, 1871, meaning they could be arrested as criminals anywhere in British India.^[17]

1897

• Criminal Tribes Act of 1871 amended, with the subtitle "An Act for the Registration of Criminal Tribes and Eunuchs", ordering that "criminal" eunuchs "dressed or ornamented like a woman in a public street… be arrested without warrant" and imprisoned.^{[18] [19] [20] [21]}

1918

• Earliest known records of South Asian MSM in North America, as Tara Singh and Jamil Singh are separately arrested for interracial sodomy in Sacramento, CA.^[22]

1922

• Poems Written in Prison by Gopabandhu Das, a freedom fighter and Gandhian, is published. At least two poems address male friends and co-workers, and the author describes these relationships in terms that are intense and erotically charged though not overtly sexual. These poems are sometimes included in Odia language literature textbooks.^[23]

1924

• "Chocolate", a short story in Hindi written by nationalist and social reformer Pandey Bechan Sharma (under the penname Ugra), is published in the nationalist newspaper Matvala. Ugra's crusade against male-to-male sex sparks debate in Hindi newspapers and magazines, resulting in perhaps the first public debate in Hindi on homosexuality.^[24]

1929

• Mahatma Gandhi speaks out against same-sex relations in a Young India letter, in response to queries on "unnatural vices" in schools.

1936

• Urdu poet Firaq Gorakhpuri writes an essay defending the Ghazal form of poetry that includes a defence of homosexuality, citing philosophers, poets and other renowned figures across the East and the West who were homosexual or had expressed homosexual desire in well-known works.

1942

• Ismat Chugtai's short story "Lihaaf" is published.

1944

• Ismat Chughtai faces obscenity trial for "Lihaaf".^[25]

1945

• Ismat Chughtai publishes her semi-autobiographical Tehri Lakeer ("The Crooked Line"), an Urdu novel that does not shy away from sexuality and depiction of same-sex attraction.

1962

• Rajendra Yadav, a leading Hindi novelist, publishes his story "Prateeksha" ("Waiting") that depicts a homosexual relation between two women without censure and in detail.

1968

• Bhupen Khakhar, a successful painter and writer of Gujarati fiction, and one of the few who is openly homosexual, writes an untitled story depicting bisexuality in a quotidian, lower middle-class context.

1970s

~1970s

• Gay Scene journal published in Calcutta (only a few issues published)

1972

• Indian poet Kamala Das serialized her semi-fictionalized autobiography My Story in 1972, creating a minor scandal. The autobiography revealed her extramarital heterosexual affairs and her adolescent crush on a female teacher and a brief lesbian encounter with an older student.^[26] It was first published as a book in Malayalam in 1973, followed by an edited English version in 1976.

1974

• Malayalam novel Randu Penkuttikal ("Two Girls") by V. T. Nandakumar is published in India. The novel gives a positive picture of lesbian relationships in Kerala, and became very popular among young women.

1978

• Noted math prodigy Shakuntala Devi publishes The World of Homosexuals. The book is primarily a collection of interviews with homosexual men and advocates for societal acceptance of homosexuality.^{[27] [28]}

1979

• Begum Barve, a Marathi play written and directed by Satish Alekar, is performed for the first time by Theatre Academy, Pune, at Shriram Centre in New Delhi. Begum Barve, the central character, plays female parts and desires to live a woman's life.
• The story "A Double Life" by well known Rajasthani author Vijay Dan Detha is published, depicting a romantic-sexual relationship between two women "married" to each other in rural Rajasthan.

1980s

Late 1970s / early 1980s

• Partner, a one-act play written by Dr. Anand Nadkarni, explores the relationship between two male hostel inmates in love, and the complications when one of them gets married
• Two college students in love, Mallika and Lalitatambika, attempt suicide.^[29]
• The Delhi Group formed; Red Rose Rendezvous Group started. Indian women in Delhi active in creating spaces, dialogue, or research: Giti, Kanchana, Gita, Abha, and Paola

1981

• All-India Hijra Conference in Agra brings together over 50,000 hijras from across South Asia.^[30]
• "Mitrachi Goshta", a lesbian theme play in Marathi written by eminent playwright Vijay Tendulkar opens in Mumbai and Thane. The play portrays the inner conflict of a woman who realizes she is lesbian. It was well received, and ran for 26 shows. (15 August)

1982/1983/1984

• Uma, a New Zealand lesbian of Indian descent interviewed in Conexions: Global Context issue 10. Uma established first Lesbian Line in Australia in the early 1980s, and later served on ILGA World Board as the Regional Representative of Oceania.^{[31] [32] [33]}
• Article in Spare Rib, a grassroots British feminist magazine, "...NO, WE NEVER GO OUT OF FASHION ... FOR EACH OTHER!" Interview with Audre Lorde, Dorothea, Jackie Kay and Uma.^[34]
• Vikram Seth writes in the poem "Dubious", which appears in his first collection Mappings, about bisexuality: "In the strict ranks of Gay and Straight / What is my status? / Stray? or Great?"^[35]
• HAC Asian Theatre tours On the Road to Nowhere with sketches and visuals on race, power, sexuality, gender non-conforming roles, being gay, to Asian audiences that cause a press storm and calls for censorship.^[36]

1984

• Zami, first Canadian group formed for Black and West Indian gays and lesbians (Toronto).^[37]

1985

• Anamika, a newsletter for South Asian lesbians and queer women publishes the first of its three issues, mailed free to women in South Asia.^[38]
• Films: My Beautiful Laundrette directed by Stephen Frears, based on a screenplay written by Hanif Kureishi, depicts an interracial relationship between two men.^[39]
• Books: The Conversations of Cow by Suniti Namjoshi (some references to first publication in 1984)

1986

• First case of HIV reported in India, in Chennai.^[40]
• Trikon (later renamed Trikone) is formed by Arvind Kumar and Suvir, and print newsletter established^[41]
• First issue of Trikon newsletter, editors Arvind Kumar and Suvir (January)^{[42] [43] [44]}
• Ashok Row Kavi discusses his homosexuality in Savvy magazine (February)^[45]
• Hijra conference in Bhopal, India (April)^[46]
• Trikone marches in San Francisco Pride parade for the first time ever (June).^{[47] [48]}
• Trikone Los Angeles (later Satrang) formed (Nov)
• Trikone Chicago (later Sangat, and then reformed Trikone Chicago) formed by Ifti Nasim (Dec)
• Conditions: Thirteen publishes interview with Khayal and Utsa, "There Are, Always Have Been, Always Will Be Lesbians in India".^{[49] [50]}
• Kanchana researches Hindu text for women loving women references.
• Films
  • Pratibha Parmar releases Emergence, interviews with Four Black and Third World women artists that highlight common themes in identity and struggle^[51]
• Books
  • Flesh and Paper by Suniti Namoshi and Gillian Eve Hanscombe^[52]

1987

• Sneha Sangam gay group forms in Bangalore^[53]
• Society magazine in India prints a story about Trikone^[54]
• Khush, an organization that created safe spaces for South Asian gays and lesbians in Toronto was formed (July).^{[55] [56] [57] [58]}
• Trikon becomes incorporated as Trikone (Nov)
• Bhopal policewomen Lila and Urmila marry with religious priest and get fired from police job (Dec)^[59]
• Village teachers Aruna Sombhai Jaisinghbhai Gohil, aged 31, and Sudha Amarsinh Mohansinh Ratanwadia, aged 29, entered maitri karar (friendship agreement) before a notary public in 1987 after nine years together
• London Borough of Ealing Race Equality Unit holds the first London South Asian LGBTQ poetry festival organised by Race Equality Campaigns Officer, Poulomi Desai with the bookshop, Bogle L'overture in defiance of Section 28^{[60] [61]}
• SAGALG set up by Shivananda Khan and Poulomi Desai which later becomes Shakti
• Books
  • Between the Lines: An Anthology by Pacific/Asian lesbians of Santa Cruz, California includes Anu's chapter "Sexuality, Lesbianism, and South Asian Feminism"^[38]

1988

• Shakti formed in London by Shivananda Khan, Poulomi Desai, Sunil Gupta, Atul Sarin, Manjit Rooprah, Savi Hensman, Pratibha Parmar - the first South Asian LGBT organisation in Europe (June)^{[62] [63]}
• Trikone (San Francisco), Khush (Toronto), Shakti (London) and Urvashi Vaid make the Illustrated Weekly of India.^[64] (September)
• First Shakti Bhangra disco in London organised by Shivananda Khan, Poulomi Desai with DJ Ritu. Seed funding given to Shakti by the Ealing Race Equality Unit. (Oct)^{[65] [66]}

• Gita Darji and Kishori Shah RIP

1989

• Khush Kahayal, newsletter of Khush South Asian gay men of Toronto, is established.
• Shakti Khabar published in London.
• Dominic D'Souza arrested placed in solitary confinement in India because he is HIV+ (Feb)^{[67] [68]}
• Khush organizes Salaam Toronto! Festival (May)^{[69] [70]}
• Urvashi Vaid becomes executive director of the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force (July)^[71]
• South Asian AIDS Coalition (later ASAAP) formed in Toronto (Jul)^[72]
• Khush and gay Asians organize Unity Among Asians conference in Toronto^[73]
• "Salaam Toronto" conference
• South Asian Gay Association (SAGA, later renamed SALGA) founded in New York City
• Sojourner publishes "Breaking Silence: Coming Out in India", Sharmeen Islam^[74]
• South Asian Gay Association formed by 12 South Asians^[75]

1990s

1990

• Red Rose Meetings start in New Delhi for gay men^{[76] [77]}
• Indian lesbians attend Asian Lesbian Network conference in Bangkok
• Alliance for South Asian AIDS Prevention founded
• Lila's father files case under Section 377 against Lila's partner Tarulata who underwent FTM sex change to marry Lila Chavda in 1989 (Apr)^[78]
• Shamakami newsletter for South Asian lesbian and bi women comes out (Jun)^[79]
• India's first gay magazine, Bombay Dost, founded by Ashok Row Kavi (Jun)^[80]
• Freedom newsletter published in Gulbarga (Sep)
• Fun Club starts in Calcutta to organize social gatherings (Dec)^{[81] [82]}
• Desh Pardesh (1990 - 2001, multidisciplinary queer South Asian arts festival in Toronto, Ontario). See citation for oral history project about the festival.^{[83] [84]}
• Vandana Cibbal and Simmi Kapoor RIP
• Films:
  • 1990 "Our People - HIV/AIDS and the Black Communities" Picture Talk Films directed by Ash Kotak for BHAN (Black HIV/AIDS Network). Funded by the Department of Health. In English, several Sth Asian languages and Cantonese. Winner of a British Medical Association Silver Award 1991
  • Jareena: Portrait of a Hijra by Prem Kalliat^[85]
  • Flesh and Paper by Pratibha Parmar about Suniti Namjoshi^[86]
• Books:
  • Trying to Grow by Firdaus Kanga^[87]

1991

• South Asian Gay Association in New York City changes name to South Asian Lesbian Gay Association (SALGA) as more women join (Feb)^[88]
• Sakhi formed in New Delhi (Jul)^{[89] [90]}
• Salaam (Queer Muslims in Canada) founded by El-Farouk Khaki in Toronto
• Naz Project formed in London by Shivanandan Khan and Poulomi Desai (Oct)^[91]
• AIDS Bhedbhav Virodhi Andolan (ABVA) publishes Less than Gay, the first citizen's report on homosexuality in India (Nov)^[92]
• Pravartak published in Calcutta
• Books:
  • Khush: An Investigation into South Asian Lesbians and Gay Men and Their Lives edited by Shivananda Khan and Pratibha Parmar, and SHAKTI, published in London by the Naz Project^{[93] [94]}
• Films:
  • Bolo! Bolo! By Gita Saxena and Ian Rashid^[95]
  • by Michael Yorke for BBC^[96]
  • Khush – landmark doc by Pratibha Parmar^[97]
  • Khush Refugees by Nidhi Singh^[98]

1992

• Companions on a Journey founded by Sherman de Rose in Sri Lanka^{[99] [100]}
• Activist Siddhartha Gautam, a lawyer who founded the AIDS Bhedbhav Virodhi Andolan (ABVA) in 1989–90 to raise public awareness about HIV/AIDS and protest discriminatory policies, passes away in New Delhi at age 28.^{[101] [102] [103]}
• Udaan founded in Mumbai to work with MSM^[104]
• Atish Network formed in Vancouver
• Dominic D'Souza, AIDS activist, dies^[105]
• SALGA marches in New York's India Day parade^{[106] [107] [108]}
• Books:
  • Invisible Minority – The Unknown World of the Indian Homosexual by Arvind Kala^[109]

1993

• Friends of Siddhartha Gautam organize a film festival in Delhi in his memory.^[110]
• Discovery '93, the Khush gay men's conference in Toronto
• Khush Club forms in Mumbai of gay men^[111]
• Sami Yoni, a journal for lesbians of South Asian descent, published in Toronto.
• Pratibha Parmar receives Frameline Award for contributions to queer cinema^{[112] [113]}
• Khush-list born on harvard.edu listserv by Devesh Khatu and Marty^{[114] [115]}
• Counsel Club formed in Calcutta^[116]
• Aarambh newsletter/magazine debuts in New Delhi^[117] (need better reference)
• Trikone Atlanta born
• Naz and Sakhi Seminar on Alternative Sexualities in New Delhi^[118]
• Samraksha AIDS organization formed in Bangalore (Dec)^{[119] [120]}
• Modern-day traditional wedding Aditya Advani and Michael Tarr performed by Swami Bodhananda^[121]
• Books:
  • Queer Looks edited by Pratibha Parmar, John Greyson, Martha Gever.^[122]
  • Feminist Fables by Suniti Namjoshi^[123]
  • Out on Main Street by Shani Mootoo^[124]
  • Lotus of Another Color, edited by Rakesh Ratti^[125]
  • "Gay angst" (review of Lotus of Another Color), India Today, 30 June 1993.^[126]
  • Shobha De's Strange Obsession (1993), a rambunctious novel about lesbian love published by Penguin Books of India.^{[127] [128]}
• Play: Draupadi's Robes by Raminder Kaur, starring Parminder Sekhon and Poulomi Desai. The production included poetry, music and dance with performers from London's Asian LGBTTQI communities^[129]

1994

• Vadamalli by novelist Su.Samuthiram is the first Tamil novel about Aravaani community in Tamil Nadu^[130]
• G.A.Y (Good as You) group formed in Bangalore^[131]
• TIME names Urvashi Vaid one of the top leaders under 40^[132]
• Humsafar Trust registered in India^[133]
• All India Hijra Kalyan Sabha got voting rights in India^[134]
• SALGA hosts Pride Utsav in New York, during Stonewall 25^[135]
• ABVA challenges Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code in court after condom distribution prohibited in Tihar Jail, Delhi.^{[136] [137] [138]}
• Khush-DC formed in Washington DC^[139]
• South Asian Lesbian and Gay Association (SALGA) banned from marching in the New York City India Day Parade, but protested along with Sakhi, a women's organization.^{[140] [141] [142] [143]}
• MASALA formed in Boston^{[144] [145]}
• Vimla Farooqui of National Federation of Indian Women asks PM to stop gay meet claiming homosexuality is Western^{[146] [147]}
• SALGA –Philadelphia formed ^[148]
• Abraham Verghese's My Own Country wins Lambda Literary Award^{[149] [150]}
• Naz/Humsafar Gay Men's Conference in Bombay^[151]
• First gay conference in India reported (incorrectly) by Erie Gay News in Feb 1995. Conference said to have happened Dec (1994). See 1981.^[152]
• Chhota Khayal, monthly calendar of Khush, Toronto
• Books
  • / Funny Boy by Shyam Selvadurai^[153]
  • Funny Boys and Funny Girls: Notes on a Queer South Asian Planet by Gayathri Gopinath^[154]
• Films:
  • Destiny, Desire and Devotion by Zahid Dar^[155]

1995

• SAGrrls list serve launched by Jasbir Puar and others^[156]
• Pride Utsav hosted by Trikone in San Francisco (Jun)(parent of DesiQ)^{[157] [158]}
• Trikone's website debuts – the first ever for a South Asian LGBT group
• Activist Kalpesh Oza, AIDS researcher and Desh Pradesh artist/organizer, passes away in Toronto (Jun)^{[159] [160] [161]}
• Awaz-e-Atish: Voice of Fire publication by Atish Network Society (1995-1996)^[162]
• Sulaiman Mohammed, founding member of Atish, passes away (Aug)
• South Asia lesbians and bisexual women at Beijing Women's Conference (Sep)
• Humsafar Center inaugurated in Bombay (Oct)^{[163] [164]}
• Stree Sangam (later renamed LABIA) founded in Bombay
• Trikone gets San Francisco Gay and Lesbian Historical Society Award (Oct)
• Anuja Gupta, who worked with ABVA, an Indian AIDS prevention group, testifies at tribunal on human rights violations against sexual minorities in New York (Oct)^[165]
• Khuli Zaban founded by Leema Khan and Neena Hemmady in Chicago (Oct).^{[166] [167]}
• Trikone and SALGA get NGLTF Community Service Award (Nov)^[168]
• Queer Issue of Rungh, a South Asian quarterly of culture, comment, and criticism^[169]
• Club Kali opens^[170]
• Pravartak renamed to Naya Pravartak
• + From the Coffee Table to the Kit(s)chen - an exhibition of Queer Asian portraits by Poulomi Desai, curated by Preet Paul opens at the Oxford bookstore and Gallery in Kolkatta during riots.^{[171] [172]}
• Book:
  • Virtual Equality by Urvashi Vaid released.^[173]
• Plays:
  • Ash Kotak's Maa played at The Royal Court, London, produced by Moti Roti

1996

• Kali becomes first hijra to stand for elections in Bihar (Judicial Reforms Party) (Apr)
• Stree Sangam organizes First National Gathering of Women who Love Women in Mumbai (Jun)^{[174] [175]}
• Trikone-Tejas formed in Texas and hosts first public event (Oct)^{[176] [177] [178]}
• Outlook magazine says Lucknow leads the pack in India for gay sex (Oct)^[179]
• Poet Ifti Nasim inducted into Chicago Lesbian and Gay Hall of Fame (Oct)^{[180] [181] [182]}
• Arvind Kumar and Ashok Jethanandi, founders of Trikone and India Currents, are married in Toronto in traditional religious ceremony conducted by Ma Yogashakti, Arvind's mother.
• Books
  • Giti Thadani, Sakhiyani: Lesbian Desire in Ancient and Modern India.^[183]
  • Shani Mootoo, Cereus Blooms at Night.^{[184] [185]}
  • The Invisibles: A Tale of Eunuchs of India by Zia Jaffrey^[186]
• Films:
  • BomGay, based on R. Raj Rao's poems, by Riyad Wadia^{[187] [188]}
  • A Mermaid Called Aida by Riyad Wadia^[189]
  • Fire by Deepa Mehta^[190]

1997

• Naz Foundation (India) Trust starts helplines – Sangini for women and Humraz for men^[191]
• Humrahi formally starts in Delhi^[192]
• Darpan newsletter launched in Delhi
• Mahila Samanwaya Committee for sex workers in Calcutta opens membership to male sex workers^{[193] [194] [195] [196]}
• Bandhu Social Welfare Society established in Dhaka to work on HIV/AIDS and the MSM community^{[197] [198] [199]}
• Counsel Club organizes Network East conference (Jan)
• Copies of Trikone seized by Indian customs on grounds of morality (Aug)^[200]
• Javid Syed, AIDS activist included in best and brightest activists under 30 by The Advocate magazine (Aug)^[201]
• Sabrang – a mixed group forms in Bangalore (Sep)^[202]
• Queer Awaaz formed in Los Angeles, later disbanded and merged with Trikone LA (Nov)
• Trikone LA was formed by approximately 30 people (RBC)^{[203] [204]}
• Trikone-Northwest formed ^{[205] [206]}
• National Seminar on Gay Rights organized by students of National Law School in Bangalore (Sep)^[207]

• Meeting for Women who love Women is part of VIth National Conference of Women's Movements, Ranchi (Dec)
• Books:
  • Sex, Longing and Not Belonging – A Gay Muslim's Quest for Love and Meaning by Badruddin Khan^[208]
• Films:
  • Tamanna by Paresh Rawal about the life of a hijra^[209]
  • by Kalpana Lajmi^{[210] [211]}
  • Sixth Happiness by Waris Hussein^[212]

1998

• Al-Fatiha Foundation, an organization for LGBTQ Muslims worldwide, is founded by Faisal Alam, a Pakistani American.^{[213] [214]}
• Khushnet.com, a Canadian queer South Asian website, launched (featuring personal ads section named "Nobody knows I met my boyfriend through Khushnet's personals")^[215]
• Sarani experimental group stages Coming Out with Music in Calcutta (Apr)
• Sangha Mitra newsletter in Kannada and English published in Bangalore (Feb)^[216]
• First International Retreat of LGBT Muslims in Boston (Oct)^[217]
• DESIDYKES created^[218]
• Gay Bombay (internet group) formed^{[219] [220] [221]}
• GHAR (Gay Housing Assistance Resource) mailing lists start, eventually covering Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi, Bangalore, Canada, and the United States^[222]
• "Funkasia" South Asian club and cultural night started in Toronto, Canada^{[223] [224] [225]}
• First public performance of Chetan Datar's Marathi-language play Ek Madhav Baug at the Humsafar Trust in Mumbai^[226]
• Books
  • Cinnamon Gardens – a novel by Shyam Selvadurai^[227]
  • Neither Man nor Woman: The Hijras of India by Serena Nanda
  • On A Muggy Night in Mumbai – play by Mahesh Dattani explores gay life. On a Muggy Night in Mumbai performed in Mumbai^{[228] [229]}
• Films
  • Fire released in India and theaters are vandalized (Nov-Dec)^[230]
• Plays:

1998: First public reading of Ash Kotak's play Hijra at the Riverside Studios, London

1999

• Aanchal Trust forms in Bombay with helpline for women (Aug)^[231]
• Women's Support Group founded in Sri Lanka^{[232] [233] [234] [235]}

• Campaign for Lesbian Rights launched in India partly as a response to the violent demonstrations against Fire (Jan)^{[236] [237] [238] [239]}
• Fire re-cleared by Central Board of Film Censors (Feb)
• Fire released in India
• Yaarian, national gay conference in Hyderabad (Feb)
• Al-Fatiha hosts first national conference for LGBT Muslims (May)^[240]
• Trikone wins New California Media award (May)
• Sappho forms in Calcutta for lesbian and bi women (Jun)^[241]
• Sangama started in Bangalore^[242]
• The White Party (a gay party) in Bombay raided by police (Jun)^{[243] [244]}
• Counsel Club and Integration organizes Friendship Walk in Calcutta (Jul)^{[245] [246]}
• Khamosh!Emergency Jari Hai/ Lesbian Emergence published by Campaign for Lesbian Rights in India (Aug)^{[247] [248]}
• LGBT India conducts Operation Sparsh to educate political parties on sexual minority rights (Sep)
• Olava (Organized Lesbian Alliance for Visibility and Acceptance) forms in Pune (Nov)^{[249] [250]}
• Films:
  • Chutney Popcorn by Nisha Ganatra^[251]
• Books
  • First edition of Humjinsi: Resource book on Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Rights in India published (Feb)^[252]
  • Love in a Different Climate: Men who have Sex with Men in India by Jeremy Seabrook^[253]
  • Facing the Mirror – lesbian writing from India for Penguin India edited by Ashwini Sukhtankar^[254]
  • Yaraana – anthology of gay writing for Penguin India edited by Hoshang Merchant^[255]
  • The Splintered Day – a novel by V.K. Mina^[256]

2000s

2000

• Delhi hosts its first officially "out" lesbian and gay film festival (Jan)^{[257] [258]}
• Gay Bombay has meeting with parents (Feb)^[259]
• / SAATHII founded in Chennai and New York as an NGO working on concerted response to HIV/AIDS epidemic in India^{[260] [261]}
• QueerIISc, the first college/university campus queer group in India, founded at the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore^[262]
• Shaleen Rakesh starts regular gay column in Around Town magazine in New Delhi (Feb)
• 172nd Law Commission Report of the Law Commission of India recommends deletion of Section 377 (Mar)^{[263] [264] [265]}
• Women's Support Group in Sri Lanka marches on International Women's Day (Mar)
• Shabnam Mausi, a hijra, wins election in Madhya Pradesh to state assembly (Mar)^[266]
• Humsafar Trust organizes Looking into the Next Millenium conference in Mumbai (May)^{[267] [268]}
• Surina Khan appointed executive director of the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (May)^{[269] [270]}
• Sri Lankan Press Council supports Island newspaper which said rapists should be unleashed on lesbians (Jun)^[271]
• Trikone organizes DesiQ2000 conference in San Francisco (Jun)^{[272] [273] [274]}
• Poet Ifti Nasim receives Adeeb International Award (Jul)^[275]
• Ash Kotak's play Hijra staged at the Theatre Royal Plymouth (Oct) and to rave reviews at the Bush Theatre in London (Nov)^[276]
• National Human Rights Commission in India recommend reformulating Section 377 to legalize sexual activity between consenting adults (Nov)^[277]
• National Alliance of South Asian Lambda Organization (NASALO) listserv created to support LGBT South Asian organizations and leaders across the U.S.
• Journal of Homosexuality's issue on queer Asian cinema includes several articles on Indian cinema^[278]
• DesiQ 2000 conference in San Francisco
• Ruth Vanita and Mona Bachmann marry in a Jewish and Hindu wedding ceremony in New York, the first such documented wedding in the U.S.^{[279] [280]}
• Al-Fatiha Foundation, LGBT Muslim conference (US)
• LGBT India conducts Operation Sparsh to educate political parties on sexual minority rights
• "Gay Desi SF Bay" mailing list for San Francisco Bay Area queer desis started by Rakesh Modi
• Books:
  • Same Sex Love in India – Readings from Literature and History by Ruth Vanita and Saleem Kidwai^[281]
  • Humjinsi, a resource book for LGB rights published (India). Also includes papers presented at a seminar in Mumbai (1997)
• Films:
  • Bombay Eunuchs, directors Alexandra Shiva, Sean McDonald and Michelle Gucovsky

2001

• Blue Diamond Society, Nepal's only organization for sexual minorities founded^[282]
• Lakshyaa – first Gujarati gay magazine comes out^{[283] [284]}
• Dosti group launches in Toronto (Sep)
• Companions on a Journey and Women's Support Group win Felipa DeSouza award from IGLHRC (May)^{[285] [286]}
• Delhi hosts India's first public gay wedding for Vijay and Naseem (May)^[287]
• Milan Project (Naz India) files case with National Human Rights Commission against psychiatric abuse of a homosexual patient subjected to aversion therapy (May)
• Trikone magazine wins South Asian Journalists Association award for "South Asian Queers Out on the Internet" article (Jun)^{[288] [289]}
• Four activists of Naz Foundation International arrested in Lucknow under Section 377 in "gay area", Naz and Bharosa offices raided (Jul)^{[290] [291]}
• QFilmistan – first Queer South Asian film festival^[292]
• The Advocate magazine names Faisal Alam, founder of Al Fatiha Foundation as a queer trend breaker (Aug)^[293]
• Trikone organizes first ever QFilmistan film festival in San Francisco (Aug-Sep)^[294]
• Naz Foundation (India) Trust awarded 2001 Commonwealth Award for Action on HIV/AIDS (Oct)^{[295] [296]}
• Naz Foundation files petition in Delhi High Court challenging constitutional validity of Section 377 (Dec)^{[297] [298] [299] [300] [301]}
• Poet Agha Shahid Ali dies of brain cancer (Dec)^{[302] [303]}
• Chilling in Your Brown Skin Collective launched (Toronto)
• Gay and Lesbian Vaishnava Association^[304]
• Gay Bombay has meeting with parents (India)
• Films:
  • Bombay Eunuch^[305]
  • For Straights Only by Vismita Gupta-Smith^[306]
  • Rewriting the Script: A Love Letter to Our Families (Toronto)^[307]
• Books:
  • Queering India edited by Ruth Vanita^[308]

2002

• Police harassment of Sangama organization in Bangalore^{[309] [310]}
• Ashok Pillai, president of Indian Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS passes away (Apr)^{[311] [312]}
• Vega and Mala are married by Hindu Shaiva pundit in Seattle, WA (Jun)^{[313] [314] [315]}
• Sholay Productions in New York launches Desilicious parties^{[316] [317] [318] [319] [320]}
• Hijra Habba festival organized in Bangalore ^{[321] [322] [323] [324] [325] [326]}
• Lovers Geethalakshmi and Sumathi die by suicide in Tamil Nadu (Sep)^{[327] [328]}
• First ILGA summit in India organized by Humsafar Trust and Aanchal (Oct)^{[329] [330]}
• Trikone magazine wins South Asian Journalists Association award for "Queer Muslims: De-closeted"^[331]
• Thrissur, the court gave permission to two lesbian women to cohabit^[332]
• Sahayatrika group set up in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala to tackle increasing lesbian suicides (Oct)^{[333] [334]}
• First legal same-sex union on Indian soil with Indian fashion designer Wendell Rodricks, a Goan Catholic, and Jerome Marrell conducted at French Embassy under French law.
• Delhi hosts first public gay wedding
• Films
  • Flying With One Wing – a film by Ashok Handagama about a woman who lives as a man released in Sri Lanka
  • Mango Soufflé, film version of Muggy Night directed by Mahesh Dattani^[335]
  • Gulabi Aina, a drag queen movie by Sridhar Rangayan
  • Kaashish by Sangini
  • For Straights Only^[336]
• Books:
  • Ode to Lata, a novel by Ghalib Shiraz Dhalla^[337]
  • The Man who Was a Woman and Other Queer Tales from Hindu Lore by Devdutt Pattanaik^[338]

2003

• Nepal hosts first drag beauty contest (May)^[339]
• Black and White – 1st GLBT AIDS charity event in Colombo (Jun)
• Rainbow Walk – Gay Pride march in Kolkata (Jun)
• Openly gay painter Bhupen Khakkar passes away (Aug)
• QFilmistan – the sequel in San Francisco (Aug)
• Nepal's Blue Diamond Society hosts Gaijatra Pride festival (Aug)
• Openly lesbian Kaashish Chopra wins Miss Congeniality at Miss India USA (Aug)^[340]
• Sappho for Equality forms in Calcutta by the core founders of Sappho
• Larzish, 1st International Film Festival of Sexuality and Gender Plurality in Mumbai (Aug)
• Shree Nandu, 24, and Sheela, 22, declared themselves same-sex spouses^[341]
• Filmmaker Riyad Wadia passes away in Mumbai (Dec)
• Rustam Kothavala (from Bangalore) and Toby Marotta marry under Vermont's civil union law.
• US Supreme Court decriminalizes sodomy in Lawrence v. Texas
• Movenpick/Orinam, social support group for LGBT&A started in Chennai, India
• Books
  • The Trouble with Islam by Irshad Manji results in death threats^[342]
  • The Boyfriend, a novel by R. Raj Rao^[343]
  • Desilicious by the Masala Trois Collective^[344]
  • Red Threads by Parminder Sekhon and Poulomi Desai photographic portraits published by Diva and Millvres^[345]

2004

• Humsafar opens first Indian gay and lesbian drop-in center opens in Mumbai (Apr)
• Mirchi group begins for queer women, hosted at the Alliance for South Asian AIDS Prevention
• Rosanna Flamer-Caldera re-elected as Co-Secretary General of the International Lesbian and Gay Association (Apr)
• Mala (Vaijayanthi Nagarajan) and Vega (Vegavahini Subramaniam) participate as plaintiffs in the marriage equality lawsuit against King County and Washington (March)
• Gita Deane (Indian-born) and Lisa Polyak become the lead plaintiff couple in the marriage equality lawsuit against Maryland.^{[346] [347]}
• Equal Ground – an LGBTIQ organization forms in Sri Lanka (Jun)
• First Colombo Pride in Sri Lanka
• Theaters vandalized in India over screening of Girlfriends (Aug)
• Hijra activist Famila dies in Bangalore (Aug)
• Pushkin Chandra and Kuldeep, gay men, killed in Delhi. (Aug)
• 39 gays arrested in Nepal on grounds of "disturbing society" (Aug).
• Delhi High Court dismisses Naz India's public interest litigation petition seeking repeal of Section 377 (Sep)
• Khush Texas was founded in Dallas
• Films:
  • The Journey by Ligy Pullapally
  • Touch of Pink by Ian Iqbal Rashid
  • Yours Emotionally by Sridhar Rangayan
  • The Bath by Sachin Kundalkar
  • Happy Hookers by Ashish Sawhney
  • Many People Many Desires by Jayashree T.^[348]
• Books:
  • Madras on Rainy Days by Samina Ali^[349]
  • Babyji by Abha Dawesar^[350]
  • Beyond Bollywood: Cultural Politics of South Asian Diasporic Film by Jigna Desai^[351]

2005

• Blue Diamond Society in Nepal launches weekly newspaper (Jan)
• Blue Diamond Society, Nepal, wins 2004 Utopia Award (Jan)
• Onir's award-winning film My Brother Nikhil about a gay swimmer and AIDS releases in India (Mar)
• Ismail Merchant passes away (May)
• South Asian parent marches in Seattle Pride Parade with Trikone-NW
• 1st Sri Lankan Pride Celebration in Colombo
• "Pokkhiraj" (The Pegasus) gay music video by Bangla band Cactus airs on TV (Jul)^[352]
• Protesters march in Mumbai against Section 377 (Aug)
• Purported "first" same-sex marriage in Pakistan between Liaqat Ali and Markeen in Khyber region (Oct)
• Satrang (Los Angeles) gets its first grant (LAIFC)
• Trikone Vancouver begins (Jul)^[353]
• Vikram Seth comes out^{[354] [355]}
• Books:
  • Because I Have a Voice – Queer Politics in India edited by Arvind Narrain and Gautam Bhan^[356]
  • Love's Rite – Same-Sex Marriage in India and the West by Ruth Vanita^[357]
  • Impossible Desires – Queer Diasporas and South Asian Public Cultures by Gayatri Gopinath^[358]
  • /Swimming in the Monsoon Sea by Shyam Selvadurai^[359]
• Films:
  • My Brother Nikhil by Onir
  • Shabnam Mousi by Yogesh Bhardwaj
  • Yours Emotionally!^[360]

2006

• Four men arrested in Lucknow for operating an Internet "gay racket" and "unnatural sex" (Jan)
• Rosanna Flamer-Caldera of Sri Lanka wins 2005 Utopia Award (Jan)
• Men Community Development Society for homosexuals formed in Chennai (Mar)
• NACO estimates 5.2 million people ages 15–49 living in India with HIV/AIDS (Apr)^{[361] [362]}
• The Dalai Lama expresses concern at violence against LGBT people and urges human rights for all (Apr)
• Abha Dawesar's Babyji wins Stonewall Award
• DesiQ 2006 conference in San Francisco
• Flora Fountain Mumbai Anti-377 protest
• Michi group for queer women begins (Toronto)
• Queer Resource website Orinam.net website launched (need resource)

2007

• Supreme Court of Nepal orders government to support LGBT equality
• Blue Diamond Society wins Felipa DeSouza award from IGLHRC^{[363] [286]}
• Parents of two Indian gay persons march in SF Gay Parade
• Khush DC Queer Women's History Month event launched (happens annually since)
• SATRANG release their Needs Assessment Report
• First Coming Out Day Parade in Little India in Artesia, California, USA^[364]
• Book:
  • Stealing Nasreen by Farzana Doctor^[365]
• Film
  • 68 Pages directed by Sridhar Rangayan

2008

• Sunil Pant elected to Nepali Constitutional Assembly (first openly elected queer person) (Apr)^[366]
• Nepali government starts to allocate national budget for LGBTQ
• First US national study of LGBTQ South Asians in Higher Education conducted by Raja Bhattar and Pamela Roy
• Trikone launches first political campaign, "No On Prop 8", against California's same sex marriage ban referendum
• Sher Vancouver formed^{[367] [368]}
• South Asian serves as one of 3 co-directors for National Queer Asian Pacific Islander Alliance (NQAPIA)^{[369] [370]}
• Sivagami "Shiva" Subbaraman, first S. Asian to become Director of an LGBTQ Center in US higher education; and Founding Director of the first LGBTQ Center in a Catholic & Jesuit University in the US (Georgetown U).^{[371] [372]}
• Trikone Magazine published in color
• Trikone Chicago begins
• Seksualiti Merdeka, an annual sexuality rights festival held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia founded by arts programmer Pang Khee Teik and singer-songwriter Jerome Kugan.
• D'Lo leads first queer South Asian writing workshop in Los Angeles
• Prerna Lal becomes active in Dream Activist movement.^[373]

2009

• Keengar Society – Youth Secular Organization for Protection of Religious and Sexual Minorities registered in Pakistan
• Pakistan's Supreme Court declares third gender for trans/hijra population; orders all state organizations to protect them equally under the law
• Chennai's first Rainbow Pride March (Jun)^[374]
• Section 377 read down by Delhi High Court to exclude all consensual sex among adults^[375]
• Campaign for Open Minds launched.

2010s

2010

• KASHISH Mumbai International Queer Film Festival founded^[376]
• Yaariyan group for LGBT youth founded in Mumbai by the Humsafar Trust (Dec)^[377]
• Khush Berkeley ("a safe space for queer and questioning Desis") group founded at the University of California, Berkeley by Fayzan, Nevin, and Preyanka^[378]
• SALGA is readmitted into NYC India Day Parade after being denied or dismissed for nearly 10 years.^[379]
• Humsafar Trust premieres Hindu translation of Chetan Datar's play Ek Madhav Baug at Mumbai Queer Film Festival, before taking the play on the road across India and the United States^{[380] [381]}
• Book:
  • God Loves Hair by Vivek Shraya^[382]
• Films:
  • Brown Like Me (Toronto)
  • Arekti Premer Golpo, a Bengali drama directed by Bengali filmmaker Kaushik Ganguly
  • Memories in March, a Hindi and English language drama directed by Sanjoy Nag

2011

• Srishti Madurai formed on 2 September as India's first student volunteer LGBTQIA educational research foundation^[383]
• Kulture Kulcha: Trikone's 25th Anniversary^[384]
• Gautam Raghavan becomes the first Indian LGBT Liaison in the White House Office of Public Engagement^[385]
• Hijras get right to vote by Supreme Court
• Saathi (IIT-Bombay): possibly India's first campus-based LGBT group
• Naz Male Health Alliance (the first MSM/TG based CBO) established in Pakistan
• Satrang youth group begins in Los Angeles (Oct)^[386]
• brOWN//out, new "south asian" queer and trans program at Pride Toronto starts (annual)
• Open listserv [e-mail] formed, not affiliated with [e-mail] list
• Films:
  • Project Bolo-Indian LGBT Oral History Project

2012

• Asia's first Genderqueer pride parade and Alan Turing centenary celebrations commenced at Madurai in July 2012^{[387] [388]}
• 2 July 2012 has been celebrated as the first Indian Coming Out Day to mark the 2009 Naz Foundation v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi judgement that decriminalisaed homosexual sexual activity.^{[389] [390] [391]}
• KhushATX formed.^[392]
• First LGBT Education Fest for School Students launched by Srishti Madurai at Madurai on 5 June 2012. It was attended by 600 school students.^[393]
• Gopi Shankar Madurai of Srishti Madurai became the youngest panelist to share a chair at the University Grants Commission's sponsored seminars on gender and sexuality that have been taking place all over Tamil Nadu since 2012–2014.^[383]
• Nepal hosts South Asia's first gay sports tournament^[394]
• Several Pakistani hijra leaders run for national and provincial assembly seats in elections (e.g. Bindiya Rana of Gender Interactive Alliance)
• Desi Queer Helpline (DeQH) officially launched (national US-based service)
• NQAPIA hosts conference in DC. Many South Asian LGBTQ organizations represent and visit the White House
• Seksualiti Merdeka Bammeo in Malaysia
• Queer Diwali event in Toronto (Nov)^{[395] [396] [397]}
• Film:
  • by Rituparno Ghosh^[398]

2013

• In January 2013 The American College in Madurai under graduation English department included Funny Boy by Shyam Selvadurai as part of syllabus under gay literature and ‘The Truth about me: A Hijra Life story' by A. Revathi under Third Gender literature marginalized studies. Due to the efforts of Srishti Madurai.^[399]
• In June 2013 Harish Iyer became the first Indian citizen to be listed in the Guardian's World Pride Powerlist, a list of the 100 most influential LGBTIQ people in the world ^[400]
• DesiQ Conference, fourth International South Asian Queer Conference^[401]
• DOMA declared unconstitutional and Prop 8 goes down
• Srishti Madurai launched India's first helpline for Genderqueer, LGBTQIA on 2 October 2011, at Madurai. Later in June 2013 the helpline turned to offer service for 24 hours with a tagline "Just having someone understanding to talk to can save a life".^[402]
• British Asian LGBTI Online Support Group Founded by Siddhi Joshi on 27 September 2013 ^[403]
• Supreme Court of Nepal ruling for the introduction of a transgender category for people obtaining their citizenship certificates. People can register as a third gender when completing the certificates which serve as national identity cards required to open bank accounts, sell and buy property, and get a passport.
• On 11 December 2013, Supreme Court of India reinstates Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, overruling the 2009 Delhi High Court Judgement
• First Khush DC women's membership meeting
• First high-school LGBTQIA alliance in India: Breaking Barriers at Tagore International, New Delhi
• "You and I" campaign for trans people and allies starts in Malaysia
• Trikone Toronto launches^{[404] [405]}
• A state-sponsored anti-LGBT musical tours Malaysian schools and theaters
• Books
  • Q?Y Art? book/art compilation released, based on multidisciplinary arts program for South Asian LGBTTIQQ2S/WSW/MSM youth (Toronto).^[406]

2014

• Launch of Roopbaan, the first LGBT magazine in Bangladesh^[407]
• First Indian LGBT Youth Leadership Summit held in Mumbai (Feb)^[408]
• In July 2014 first book on genderqueer in Tamil and first Tamil book on LGBTQIA from Srishti Madurai was released by BJP's state general secretary Vanathi Srinivasan at the Hindu spiritual service foundation's sixth service fair, Chennai^{[409] [410] [411]}
• British born gay doctor, Dr Nazim Mahmood, takes his own life after being confronted about his sexuality by his family, leading the launch of the charity Naz and Matt Foundation^{[412] [413] [414]}
• Supreme Court of India rules in the NALSA vs. Union of India case, declaring that transgender people have all rights granted by the Indian constitution, the right to determine their gender (man, woman, third-gender) regardless of surgery, hormones or attire^[415]
• In October 2014, a month long celebrations commenced to celebrate LGBT History Month at The American College with a lecture on gender and sexual minorities organised by Srishti Madurai.^[399]
• Aaditi Hardikar named first woman of color as White House LGBT Liaison ^[416]
• Books
  • Maraikappata Pakkangal (Hidden Pages) is the first book on LGBTQIA & Gendervariants in Tamil penned by Gopi Shankar Madurai of Srishti Madurai.

2015

• Madhu Kinnar, India's first transgender mayor and a member of the Dalit community, elected as mayor of Raigarh, Chhattisgarh (Jan)^[417]
• India's Rajya Sabha passes the Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2014, paving the way for a potential future law (Apr)^[418]
• Manabi Bandyopadhyay celebrated as India's first openly transgender college principal (May)^[419]
• First ad featuring two lesbians in India^[420]
• Dalit queer activists Dhrubo Jyoti, Akhil Khang, and Dhiren Borisa speak out at Delhi Pride Parade (Nov)^{[421] [422] [423]}
• Nepal issues its first "third-gender" passport^{[424] [425] [426]}
• Nepal explicitly puts equal rights and freedom from discrimination for LGBT individuals in the constitution^[427]
• Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, started offering "Others" option in the gender column of the application form. Due to the efforts of Gopi Shankar Madurai of Srishti Madurai and the student community at JNU.^[383]
• Srishti Madurai urged Lok Sabha MP's to include intersex people in a bill to protect the rights of trans people.^{[428] [429]}
• Books
  • Don't Let Him Know by Sandip Roy^[430]
  • Moving Truth(s): Queer and Transgender Desi Writings on Family, an anthology of writing by queer and transgender Desis about family, edited by Aparajeeta Duttchoudhury and Rukie Hartman^[431]
• Film
  • The film Naanu Avanalla...Avalu, about the life of Living Smile Vidya, won two awards at the 62nd National Film Awards^{[432] [433]}
  • First ever movie on Pakistan's hidden LGBT community: ^{[434] [435]}

2016

• Nergis Mavalvala, a queer Pakistani American MIT astrophysicist, was part of the team of scientists who observed gravitational waves for the first time^{[436] [437] [438]}
• On 6 March 2016, Srishti Madurai's new website was launched by Dalit activist and Ambedkarite Ma. Venkatesan from BJP in the presence of Central Minister Pon Radhakrishnan, Vanathi Srinivasan, Aravindan Neelakandan, Joe D'Cruz and scores of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh volunteers at Chennai.^[439]
• Gopi Shankar Madurai, a 25-year-old gender activist, made a bid to contest as one of the youngest candidates in the Tamil Nadu Assembly election and also the first openly Intersex & Genderqueer person to do so. Ze secured 14th place out of 21 candidates by securing 1% vote.^{[440] [441] [442] [443]}
• Xulhaz Mannan and Tanay Fahim murdered in Dhaka, Bangladesh^{[444] [445]}
• On 15 July 15, for the first time Srishti Madurai along with Tamil Nadu Theological Seminary in Madurai a conglomerate of the Church of South India (CSI), and the Lutheran Church organised an Introductory seminar for church pastors on LGBT issues.^[446]
• Gopi Shankar Madurai of Srishti Madurai shortlisted for The Commonwealth Youth Worker Award as regional finalist for Asia.^{[447] [448]}
• The Supreme Court of Sri Lanka states it would be unable to enforce Article 365 that criminalizes homosexual sex, but the law is left dormant on the books due to lack of judicial review powers.^[449]

2017

• Pakistan issues first passport with transgender category.^[450]
• Indian Supreme Court declares privacy is an intrinsic right, and that sexual orientation is an essential attribute of privacy.^[451]

2018

• First South Asian LGBTI Conference held at Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, organised by British Asian LGBTI, Finding A Voice and Gaysian Faces on 28 July 2018, with eighteen speakers, two films (Sisak and Planchette) ^{[452] [453]}
• Indian Supreme Court legalizes gay sex and reads down Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which criminalized same-sex relations. India's Outgoing chief justice Dipak Misra, regarding the ruling, said: "Criminalising carnal intercourse is irrational, arbitrary and manifestly unconstitutional."^[454]
• First Indian LGBTQIA Network in the UK, GIN (Gay Indian Network) founded by Mayank Joshi. First "GIN & Bombay Tonic" meeting in Soho on 30 September 2018.

2019

• Parivar Bay Area, a South Asian transgender and gender non-conforming centered organization, launched in the San Francisco Bay Area^[455]

2020s

2020

• DesiQ Diaspora conference planned in Austin, Texas, but postponed until 2022 due to COVID-19 pandemic (May)^{[456] [457]}
• Indian Desi drag space Dragvanti was launched by Patruni Sastry^[458]
• Indian & South Asian LGBTQ social and support group set up in Birmingham, GIN Midlands, by the GIN Indian LGBTQIA Network UK. on 4 September 2020.

2021

• Indian's First ever Drag conference was organized virtually by Dragvanti to promote academic discussion on Indian drag ^[459]
• the first All India Queer Mobilization conclave was organised by Mobbera Foundation online where more than 25 Queer rights organizations participated to discuss Reformation plan for queer rights within each Indian state.^[460]
• Indian & South Asian Lesbian social and support group, GIN & Lime setup in UK by Sophie Cannivady, Sejal Patel and GIN Indian LGBTQ Network UK. on 18 February 2021.

2022

• Anish Pathak and Mayank Joshi set up Next GINeration; a social and support group for younger Indian & South Asian LGBTQ people in the UK, on 5 January 2022. Sponsored by GIN Indian LGBTQIA Network UK.
• Legendary activist Urvashi Vaid dies (May)^{[461] [462] [463] [464]}

2023

• The Supreme Court of India merges all current lower court cases regarding same-sex marriage from across India. The combined case, Supriyo v. Union of India, is heard by a five-member bench of the court. In October, the court rules against the plaintiffs, ruling that the legalization of same-sex marriage, civil unions and adoption is a question for the Parliament and state legislatures of India.
• One of the most prominent Sikh voices in British public life, Jasvir Singh talks to the BBC about being a gay Sikh man married to his husband and the challenges faced along the way https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-64496456

Books

Asian Gay Literature: An Annotated Bibliography of Modern LGBTQ Works of Literary Fiction and Biography, Arranged by Country, 3rd edition (2024, March)ASIAN GAY LITERATURE, 3rd ed. (2024, March) (193-page digital list of novels, poetry, short stories, autobiographies, etc. Includes many works from India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and other countries across Asia)

See also

• Timeline of Asian and Pacific Islander Diasporic LGBT History
• Timeline of African and diasporic LGBT history

Notes and References

1. Suleiman. Gee Ameena. Non-'hijra' transgenders struggle for identity. DNA. 18 September 2011. 29 July 2014.
2. Web site: Letter by trans men to Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. Round Table India.
3. http://iglhrc.org/sites/default/files/PakistanCC.pdf "Violence: Through the Lens of Lesbians, Bisexual Women, and Trans People in Asia"
4. Web site: Roy. Sandip. Desi Queer Datebook. Berkeley South Asian History Archive. 17 July 2014. 2006.
5. News: DesiQ 2013 History Timeline. Flickr. DesiQ. 17 July 2014.
6. Web site: MONTAGE OF SEXUALITY IN SRI LANKA .
7. Web site: New England Publishing Associates. GLBTQ Encyclopedia: South Asian Literatures: Diaspora. glbtq: an encyclopedia of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender & queer culture. 22 June 2014. 2002. 5 June 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140605234407/http://www.glbtq.com/literature/south_asian_lit.html. dead.
8. News: No more under siege . Chennai, India . The Hindu . A. . Shrikumar . 2013-10-18.
9. Web site: Baillier . Neil B. E. . 1875 . A digest of the Moohummudan law . May 10, 2021 . 1–3.
10. Web site: How did the Mughals view homosexuality? . History Stack Exchange.
11. Web site: Khalid . Haroon . 17 June 2016 . From Bulleh Shah and Shah Hussain to Amir Khusro, same-sex references abound in Islamic poetry . 7 September 2018 . Scroll.in . en.
12. Web site: Sarmad Kashani Tomb in Jami Masjid, New Delhi, India - Archive - Diarna.org . archive.diarna.org.
13. Web site: 1 March 2016 . Of Genizahs, Sufi Jewish Saints, and Forgotten Corners of History - UW Stroum Center for Jewish Studies .
14. Book: Kugle . Scott A . Sufis and Saints' Bodies: Mysticism, Corporeality, and Sacred Power in Islam . 1 Sep 2011 . Univ of North Carolina Press . 9780807872772 . p. 309 Note 62-63 . 20 September 2017.
15. Web site: Of Begums and Tawaifs.
16. Web site: An Act to consolidate and amend the Statute Law of England and Ireland relating to Offences Against the Person..
17. Book: Gayatri Reddy. With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India. 15 May 2010. University of Chicago Press. 978-0-226-70754-9. 26–.
18. Web site: Transindia: Who Are the Hijras?. 31 January 2015. Planet Transgender. 2016-03-14. 14 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160314121545/http://planettransgender.com/transindia-who-are-the-hijras-2/. dead.
19. Web site: Buggery and beggary, and Ferguson. Scott Long. 28 November 2014. a paper bird. 2016-03-14.
20. Web site: Being A Eunuch In India. Narrain. Siddarth. 14 October 2003. Countercurrents. 2016-03-14.
21. News: Hijra: India's third gender claims its place in law. Khaleeli. Homa. 2014-04-16. The Guardian. en-GB. 0261-3077. 2016-03-14.
22. Book: Shah, Nayan. Stranger Intimacy: Contesting Race, Sexuality, and the Law in the North American West. 2011. University of California Press. Berkeley, California. 978-0-520-27087-9. 74–78. Policing Strangers and Borderlands. Nayan Shah.
23. Web site: SAATHII:: Genders and Sexualities > Calcutta > Indian LGBT Movement. saathii.org. 4 April 2014. 11 June 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130611190509/http://www.saathii.org/gensex/calcutta/lgbthistory.html. dead.
24. International Journal of Hindu Studies. 14. 2/3. 343–345. 41476628. Knight. Lisa I.. Reviewed work: "Ugra," Chocolate and Other Writings on Male Homoeroticism, Pandey Bechan Sharma, Ruth Vanita. 2010.
25. Web site: Aamer Hussein reviews Ismat Chughtai's Short Stories - Asymptote. www.asymptotejournal.com. 2015-07-18.
26. Web site: 'My Story' made Kamala Surayya celebrity: Malayalanadu editor. 1 Jun 2009. Times of India. 2016-08-07.
27. Book: Devi, Shakuntala. The world of homosexuals. Vikas Pub. House. 1977. New Delhi. Shakuntala Devi. 3554716.
28. Web site: Devi. Shakuntala. The World of Homosexuals. Orinam. 11 April 2015.
29. Rescaling Transnational "Queerdom": Lesbian and "Lesbian" Identitary-Positionalities in Delhi in the 1980s. Paola. Bacchetta. Antipode. 2002. 34. 5. 947–973. 10.1111/1467-8330.00284. www.academia.edu.
30. Book: Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality. Anna. Livia. Kira. Hall. 20 November 1997. Oxford University Press. 9780195355772. Google Books.
31. Book: Alison Kim. Pacific/Asian Lesbian Bibliography. Cristy Chung. Alison Kim. A. Kaweah Lemeshewsky. Between the lines: an anthology by Pacific/Asian lesbians of Santa Cruz, California. https://books.google.com/books?id=crUfAQAAIAAJ. 1987. Dancing Bird Press. 54. 9780962281907.
32. Web site: Bibliography on Homosexuality in New Zealand, 1770-2012. 31 July 2014.
33. Web site: ILGA'S WORLD BOARD Uma Kali Shakti Regional Representative Oceania. ILGA Archive. 31 July 2014. 4 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023421/http://old.ilga.org/news_results.asp?LanguageID=1&FileCategory=6&FileID=96. dead.
34. Web site: (Type a title for your page here). www.lesbianinformationservice.org.
35. Rita Joshi, "The writer as Traveler: the world of Vikram Seth", in World Literature Today, 2008.
36. Web site: The University of Exeter Press - British South Asian Theatres. www.exeterpress.co.uk. 2019-08-29. 29 August 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190829163801/https://www.exeterpress.co.uk/en/Book/475/British_South_Asian_Theatres.html. dead.
37. Web site: zami home page. www.algi.qc.ca.
38. Book: Anu. Sexuality, Lesbianism, and South Asian Feminism. Cristy Chung. Alison Kim. A. Kaweah Lemeshewsky. Between the lines: an anthology by Pacific/Asian lesbians of Santa Cruz, California. https://books.google.com/books?id=crUfAQAAIAAJ. 1987. Dancing Bird Press. 9780962281907.
39. Web site: "MY BEAUTIFUL LAUNDRETTE (15)". British Board of Film Classification.
40. Web site: USATODAY.com - HIV scars India's vast population. usatoday30.usatoday.com. 2015-07-18.
41. Web site: Orinam.net: Magazines and Journals . Orinam.net . Orinam . 22 June 2014.
42. Book: Nayan Shah . Sexuality, Identity, and the Uses of History . Nardi . Peter M . Schneider . Beth E . Social Perspectives in Lesbian and Gay Studies: A Reader . Routledge . 978-1-136-21931-3 . 489 . 2013 . 2013-09-13 .
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204. Web site: Patel. Ami Ramesh. A Community History of Satrang: Negotiating Visibility as LGBTQ South Asian Americans in Los Angeles. eScholarship. University of California. 2 September 2014.
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213. Kenney. Lisa. James. Michele. Where Others Stand. Out. November 1999. 97.
214. Web site: Profile Faisal Alam. The lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender Religious Archives Network. www.lgbtran.org.
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216. Book: Suneeta Singh. Sangita Dasgupta. Pallav Patankar. Minati Sinha. A People Stronger: The Collectivization of MSM and TG groups in India. 24 January 2013. SAGE Publications. 978-81-321-1142-9. 137.
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221. Web site: The Gay Bombay Mailing List. Tripod. 11 August 2015.
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224. Web site: 1999, Funkasia. 7 September 2010. 5 July 2014. brownstargirl.org. Piepzna-Samarasinha. Leah Lakshmi.
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226. Web site: Ek Madhav Baug. The Humsafar Trust. The Humsafar Trust. 31 August 2015. 24 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924031843/http://www.humsafar.org/ResDown/Ek%20Madhavbaug_Write%20Up.pdf. dead.
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229. Web site: Chatterjee. Niladri. Mahesh Dattani. Pink Pages India's National LGBT Magazine. 11 August 2015.
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248. Rothschild. Cynthia. Long. Scott. Fried. Susana. India Update. Written Out How Sexuality is Used to Attack Women's Organizing. 135. 18 August 2015. IGLHRC and Center for Women's Global Leadership.
249. News: Interview with Olava. 1 November 2004. New Internationalist. 12 May 2015.
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254. Book: Sukthankar, Ashwini. Facing the Mirror Lesbian Writing from India. Penguin Books. January 1999. 2015-04-03. 978-0-14-028309-9.
255. Book: Merchant, Hoshang. Yaraana Gay Writing from India. Penguin Books. January 1999. 2015-04-03. 978-0140278392.
256. Book: Mina, V. K.. The splintered day. Serpent's Tail. 1999. 2015-04-03. 978-1852424527.
257. Web site: Vetticad. Anna. Action stations Gay community joins forces, starts support groups, websites and networking opportunities. India Today. 10 October 2015.
258. Vanita. Ruth. Homosexuality in India: Past and Present. Liberal Studies Faculty Publications. November 2002. Paper 5. 10 October 2015.
259. Web site: Laxmibai. Gay Bombay Moms Meet goes off smoothly. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305133403/https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/khush-list/conversations/messages/3654. dead. 5 March 2016. Khush-list Yahoogroups. Yahoogroups. 18 August 2015.
260. Web site: Chennai Rainbow Coalition 2009 Highlights. Orinam. 10 October 2015.
261. Web site: SAATHI Profile. Karur District. 10 October 2015.
262. Web site: Campus Initiatives. Orinam. 22 June 2015.
263. Web site: REVIEW OF RAPE LAWS MARCH, 2000. Law Commission of India. 10 October 2015.
264. Web site: Bondyopadhyay. Aditya. Statement by Mr. Aditya Bondyopadhyay NGO Briefing United Nations Commission on Human Rights April 8, 2002. Outright International. 10 October 2015. 2002-04-08.
265. Web site: Citizen's Dialogue at DUMUN 2015. 10 October 2015.
266. News: Eunuch MP takes seat. 6 March 2000. BBC News. 10 May 2015.
267. Chakrapani. Venkatesan. Kavi. Ashok Row. Ramakrishnan. L Ramki. Gupta. Rajan. Rappoport. Claire. Raghavan. Sai Subhasree. HIV PREVENTION AMONG MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITHMEN (MSM) IN INDIA: REVIEW OF CURRENTSCENARIO AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Paper Prepared For... . January 2002 . 11 October 2015.
268. Web site: To me this seems a shocking . HEART Hepatitis & AIDS Research Trust. 11 October 2015.
269. News: Surina Khan is Leaving IGLHRC after 2+ Years of Leadership. 26 September 2002. GayToday. 15 May 2015.
270. Web site: Surina Khan on Twitter. 2015-05-10.
271. Web site: Sri Lanka: Treatment of homosexual men by the authorities, the Muslim community, and the broader community; laws proscribing homosexual acts and whether they are applied in practice (1997 - November 2000). Refworld. Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 11 October 2015.
272. Srinivasan . Rajeev . Coming Out Coming Home . India Currents . 6 September 2000 . 3 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20150427214700/https://www.indiacurrents.com/articles/2000/09/06/coming-out-coming-home . 27 April 2015.
273. Web site: Jasani. Beej. Of minorities within minorities. Rediff. 11 October 2015.
274. Web site: DasGupta. Debanuj. Towards a Politics of Pleasure-Knowledge. The Scholar & Feminist Online. 23 June 2014 . Barnard Center for Research on Women. 11 October 2015.
275. News: Snyde and Sneak. Baim. Tracy. 2000-07-12. Windy City News. 10 May 2015.
276. News: Hijra has United States Premiere at NCTC. Connema. Richard. 2006-04-26. Talkin' Broadway. 10 May 2015.
277. Web site: Human Rights and HIV/AIDS. NHRC. National Human Rights Commission. 11 October 2015. 13–19.
278. Web site: Queering Bollywood: Alternative Sexualities in Popular Indian Cinema. 21 December 2015.
279. Web site: Gay historians: Ruth Vanita and Saleem Kidwai. Queer India. 11 October 2015. 2005-03-04.
280. Chibber. Kavita. Here Comes The Bride...... And The Bride. Little India. 4 April 2004. 11 October 2015.
281. Book: Same-sex Love in India: Readings from Literature and History. St. Martin's Press. 2000. 2015-04-03. 9780312221690. Ruth. Vanita. Saleem. Kidwai.
282. Web site: Blue Diamond Society: About us. Blue Diamond Society. 2015-05-10.
283. Web site: Magazines and Journals. Orinam. 22 December 2015.
284. News: Menon. Lekha. I am proud, I am gay. 22 December 2015. 10 December 2001.
285. News: Alwis. Harendra. Companions cry for rights. 22 December 2015. Sunday Times.
286. Web site: A Celebration of Courage. IGLHRC. 22 December 2015.
287. Book: Vanita, Ruth. Love's Rite: Same-Sex Marriage in India and the West. Palgrave Macmillan. 2005-10-21. 978-1-4039-8160-8. 60.
288. News: SAJA Announces 2001 Journalism Award Winners. 22 December 2015. PRWire. 14 June 2001.
289. Web site: Columbia Alumnus Wins Student Prize from the South Asian Journalists Association. Columbia News. 22 December 2015.
290. News: Rajalakshmi. TK. Targeting NGOs. 22 December 2015. India Times. 18. 18. 1–14 Sep 2001.
291. Web site: Narrain. Arvind. The Articulation of Queer Rights: The Emerging Right to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. Alternative Law Forum. 22 December 2015.
292. Web site: Morris . Gary . QFilmistan: The First South Asian LGBT Film Festival (September 2001) . Bright Lights Film Journal . 3 June 2021 . 1 October 2001.
293. Web site: Out Spotlight. Oh My Godot. 9 February 2016.
294. News: Purewal. Sukhjit. A queer film festival for South Asians. 9 February 2016. 2001-08-23.
295. News: CONTROVERSIAL NGO GETS AWARD NEW DELHI. 9 February 2016. The Tribune. UNI. 2001-10-18.
296. Web site: Ninan. Ann. Without My Consent — Women and HIV-Related Stigma in India. Population Reference Bureau. 9 February 2016.
297. News: Vetticad . Anna M.M. . HIV/AIDS NGO Naz Foundation files PIL against anti-gay Section 377 . 3 June 2021 . India Today . 11 February 2002.
298. News: Homosexuality in India: A chronology. 9 February 2016. The Indian Express. 2 July 2009.
299. Web site: History. Voices Against 377. 9 February 2016.
300. News: Narrain. Siddharth. A battle for sexual rights. 9 February 2016. Volume 22. Frontline. 10. The Hindu. 7–20 May 2005.
301. Web site: Narrain. Arvind. The Articulation of Queer Rights: The Emerging Right to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. Alternative Law Forum. 9 February 2016.
302. News: Agha Shahid Ali, 52, a Poet Who Had Roots in Kashmir. The New York Times. 2001-12-26. 2015-08-31. 0362-4331. Eric. Pace.
303. News: Tellis. Ashley. The many layers of veils writers wear. 9 February 2016. The Indian Express. 4 September 2010.
304. Web site: GALVA-108: Gay & Lesbian Vaishnava Association. galva108.
305. Web site: Bombay Eunuch. 10 May 2015. IMDb. IMDb.
306. Web site: A film about south asian gays and lesbians as told by a woman whose brother happens to be gay. For Straights Only. 2015-05-10.
307. Web site: Rewriting the script: A love letter to our families. 2001. 10 May 2015. YouTube. brownlikeme.
308. Book: Vanita, Ruth. Queering India Same-Sex Love and Eroticism in Indian Culture and Society. Routledge. 16 November 2001. 978-0415929493. 7496374M.
309. Web site: INDIA: STOP POLICE BRUTALITY AGAINST HIJRAS AND KOTHIS IN BANGALORE!. Outright Action International. 10 April 2016. 2002-04-04.
310. Web site: Human Rights Violations against the Transgender Community: A PUCL Report. A Study of Kothi and Hijra Sex Workers in Bangalore—Sept. 2003.. People's Union for Civil Liberties. 10 April 2016. 26 February 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120226105214/http://www.pucl.org/Topics/Gender/2004/transgender.htm. dead.
311. News: Warrier. Shobha. Remembering Ashok Pillai. 10 April 2016. Rediff. 19 April 2003.
312. News: Jain. Kalpana. A positive voice in an HIV wilderness. 10 April 2016. The Times of India. 20 April 2002.
313. Web site: Jab We Met: A Hindu-Lesbian Wedding! (Part 1). Gaysi: The Gay Desi. 10 April 2016. 2011-02-13. 29 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160329013045/http://gaysifamily.com/2011/02/14/jab-we-met-ours-was-a-hindu-lesbian-wedding-part-1/. dead.
314. Web site: Chibber . Kavita . Here Comes The Bride...... And The Bride . 4 April 2004 . 10 April 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111009183353/http://www.littleindia.com/life/1557-here-comes-the-bride-and-the-bride.html . 9 October 2011.
315. Shekar. Madhuri. Venkatachalam. Hari. Tradition: Same-Sex Marriage and Hinduism. Hinduism Today. January 2016. 38. 1. 10 April 2016.
316. News: The Culture Club: New York's gay ethnic miorities want visibility - and a place to party. Avery. Dan. 11 November 2009. Next Magazine. 12 May 2015.
317. News: Tompkins. Jeff. Interview: 'Desilicious' DJ Ashu Rai Creates Sonic Sanctuary for LGBT South Asians. 10 April 2016. Asia Society. 4 June 2013.
318. Web site: Erikson. Alex. Bollywood Nights: Nightlife. Next Magazine. 10 April 2016. 24 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160424025058/http://www.nextmagazine.com/content/bollywood-nights. dead.
319. Trivedi. Niraj. Kumar. Krishna. DANCING LOUD AND QUEER. Mantram. March 2005. 10 April 2016.
320. News: Spence. Kevin. WILD INDIANS AND PAKISTANIS, BENGLADESHIS GET DOWN AT DESILICIOUS. 10 April 2016. NY Blade. 15 August 2003.
321. Book: Thottiparambil. Subhash. Ditmore. Melissa Hope. Encyclopedia of Prostitution and Sex Work, Volume 1. January 2006. Greenwood Publishing Group. Melas: Festivals for Sex Workers of Alternative Sexualities.
322. Web site: Narrain. Siddharth. Being A Eunuch. Countercurrents.org. Frontline. 10 April 2016.
323. News: Benjamin. Nina. Giving 'em a place in the sun. https://web.archive.org/web/20021126154158/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/08/29/stories/2002082900280200.htm. dead. 26 November 2002. 10 April 2016. The Hindu. 29 Aug 2002.
324. News: Chauhan. Bala. Breaking the silence. 10 April 2016. Deccan Herald. 10 January 2004.
325. Web site: Human Rights violations against the transgender community. September 2003. Peoples’ Union for Civil Liberties, Karnataka (PUCL-K).
326. News: Narrain. Siddarth. India: Gender Issues: In a twilight world. 10 April 2016. SOUTH ASIA CITIZENS WIRE. 15 October 2003.
327. Web site: LESBIAN SUICIDE IN TAMILNADU. https://web.archive.org/web/20160419092310/https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/PUCL/conversations/messages/210. dead. 19 April 2016. [e-mail]. 10 April 2016. 4 October 2002.
328. News: Ostracised lesbian lovers commit suicide.. https://web.archive.org/web/20160504233716/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-95149728.html. dead. 4 May 2016. 10 April 2016. We!. 1 October 2002.
329. Web site: The history of ILGA: 1978/2012. The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. 6 March 2017.
330. Web site: 2ND ILGA-ASIA REGIONAL CONFERENCE. ILGA. 6 March 2017.
331. Web site: SAJA Announces 2002 Journalism Award Winners. PR Newswire. 6 March 2017.
332. Web site: Vijayan. Yamini. A Love in search of its purple rainbow. The Alternative IN. 6 March 2017.
333. Web site: Menon. Leela. In a Sex Warp. Outlook.India. 6 March 2017.
334. Web site: Sahayatrika. You Belong IN. 6 March 2017.
335. Web site: Mango Souffle. 12 May 2015. IMDb. 28 February 2003.
336. Web site: For Straights Only (2001) - IMDb. 3 April 2015. IMDb. IMDb.com.
337. Book: Dhalla, Ghalib Shiraz. Ode to Lata. Really Great Books. 25 February 2002. 2015-04-03. 978-1893329133.
338. Book: Pattanaik, Devdutt. The Man Who Was a Woman and Other Queer Tales from Hindu Lore. Harrington Park Press. January 2002. 2015-04-03. 978-1560231806.
339. Web site: Gay Asia News by Utopia: Nepal's First Drag Beauty Contest Highlights Gay Rights Issues. Utopia Asia. 2015-08-31. 5 May 2003.
340. News: Kaashish Chopra wins Miss Congeniality. Kiritsy. Laura. 4 September 2003. Edge Boston. 12 May 2015.
341. Web site: Same sex couple separate after two years. 2007-03-17.
342. Book: Manji, Irshad. The Trouble with Islam A Wake-up Call for Honesty and Change. Random House of Canada. 2003. 978-0679312505. 7698319M.
343. Book: Rao, R. Raj. The Boyfriend. Penguin Books. 2003. 2015-04-03.
344. Book: Collective, Masala Trois. Desilicious Sexy, Subversive, South Asian. Arsenal Pulp Press. April 2004. 2015-04-03. 978-1-55152-154-1.
345. Book: Red threads: the South Asian queer connection in photographs. Desai. Poulomi Desai. Sekhon. Parminder. 2003. Millivres Prowler. 9781873741764. London. en. 52948335.
346. News: Craig. Tim. Suit Challenges Gay Marriage Ban Nine Couples, Aided by ACLU, Contend Md. Law Is Unconstitutional. The Washington Post. 1 October 2015.
347. Web site: Lavers. Michael. Deane, Polyak among Maryland's most influential. Washington Blad. Washington Blade. 1 October 2015. 2013-01-30.
348. Web site: Many People, Many Desires Watch Documentaries Online Promote Documentary Film. www.cultureunplugged.com. 2015-08-18.
349. Book: Ali, Samina. 1st. Madras on rainy days. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2004. 2015-04-04. 978-0374195625.
350. Book: Dawesar, Abha. Babyji a novel. Anchor Books. 2004. 2015-04-04. 978-1400034567.
351. Book: Desai, Jigna. Beyond Bollywood: Cultural Politics of South Asian Diasporic film. Routledge Press. 2004. 2021-10-04. 978-0-415-96685-6.
352. Web site: MEMBERS OF CACTUS; BENGALI ROCK/FOLK/POP MUSIC. Bay Area Prabasi. 2015-04-04.
353. Web site: Trikone Vancouver. https://archive.today/20150404211318/https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/trikone_vancouver/info. dead. 4 April 2015. Yahoo Groups. 2015-04-04. Trikone Vancouver officially somes/came into existence on July 31st, 2005, at Vancouver's Pride March..
354. Web site: Reddy. Sheela. It Took Me Long To Come To Terms With Myself. Those Were Painful Years.. Outlook India. 20 July 2014.
355. Web site: Vikram Seth Steps Out. Gypsynan International Women of Mystery Blogspot. 20 July 2014.
356. Book: Narrain, Arvind. Because I Have a Voice: Queer Politics in India. Yoda Press. 2005. 2015-05-12. 978-81-902272-2-3.
357. Book: Vanita, Ruth. Love's Rite Same-Sex Marriage in India and the West. Palgrave Macmillan. 29 September 2005. 978-1403970381. 8400624M.
358. Web site: Gayatri Gopinath - Impossible Desires: Queer Diasporas and South Asian Public Cultures. 16 September 2014.
359. Book: Selvadurai, Shyam. Swimming in the Monsoon Sea. Tundra Books. 14 August 2007. 978-0887768347. 8200285M.
360. Web site: Yours Emotionally!. 12 May 2015. IMDb. 9 June 2006.
361. Web site: HIV Data. NACO National AIDS Control Organisation. 2015-04-04.
362. Book: Gaur, Mahendra. Indian Affairs Annual 2006. Gyan Publishing House. 2006-06-01. 2015-04-04. 9788178355290. 13.
363. News: Alizadeh. Hossein. Q & A: Sunil Panta. 22 December 2015. The Nepal Monitor. 7 May 2007.
364. Patel . Ami . 2013 . A Community History of Satrang: Negotiating Visibility as LGBTQ South Asian Americans in Los Angeles . M.A., Asian American Studies . Parading on Pioneer . UCLA . https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0xc9w5dp . 34.
365. Book: Doctor, Farzana. Stealing Nasreen a novel. Inanna Publications and Education. 2007. 2015-05-12. 978-0-9782233-0-4.
366. Book: Jody Heymann. Adele Cassola. Making Equal Rights Real: Taking Effective Action to Overcome Global Challenges. 27 February 2012. Cambridge University Press. 978-1-107-00845-8. 377–.
367. News: Sikhs create their own queer-support group. Smith. Charlie. 23 April 2008. Straight.com. 20 Oct 2014.
368. Web site: Alex Sangha – Achievement in Creating Safe Spaces Award Nominee. 24 April 2014. 20 Oct 2014. Vancouver Pride Society.
369. Web site: Marra. Andy. Asian Pacific Islander LGBT Leaders Convene in Denver. www.glaad.org. 14 September 2011. 21 July 2015.
370. Web site: An LGBTQ Asian Pacific Islander movement. Racial Equity. Funders for LGBTQ Issues. 21 July 2015.
371. Web site: History. LGBTQ Resource Center. 20 January 2016.
372. News: Johnson. Jenna. Georgetown U. tries to be Catholic and gay-friendly. 20 January 2016. The Washington Post. 11 December 2009 .
373. [Prerna Lal]
374. News: Rainbow over the Marina. Muthalaly. Shonali. 30 June 2009. The Hindu. 20 October 2014.
375. News: Nirnimesh. Kumar. Delhi High Court strikes down Section 377 of IPC. 20 October 2014. The Hindu. 3 July 2009.
376. Web site: Kashish - Mumbai International Queer Film Festival. 15 May 2014. 20 October 2014. Zee News.
377. Web site: Yaariyan : The Young LGBT raising awareness on sexual minorities and gearing towards Queer Azaadi Mumbai 2013. Humsafar Trust. 21 October 2014. 2013. 24 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924031851/http://www.humsafar.org/ResDown/YAARIYAN%20%20The%20Young%20LGBT%20raising%20awareness%20on%20Sexual%20minorities%20and%20gearing%20towards%20Queer%20Azaadi%20Mumbai%202013.pdf. dead.
378. Web site: Khush- A Queer South Asian Space. khushberkeley.tumblr.com. 2015-04-04.
379. News: Venugopal. Arun. South Asian LGBT Community Marches in India Day Parade. 9 April 2016. WNYC News. 26 August 2010.
380. News: Datta. Pronoti. Gay Pride and Prejudice. 31 August 2015. The Times of India. 15 July 2012.
381. News: We Are All Born Equal, Says Mona Ambegaonkar. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304221851/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/We-Are-All-Born-Equal-Says-Mona-Ambegaonkar/2014/06/09/article2270895.ece1. dead. 4 March 2016. 31 August 2015. The New Indian Express. 9 June 2014.
382. Book: Shraya, Vivek. God Loves Hair. 2010. 9780986551208.
383. Web site: One Who Fights For an Other. https://web.archive.org/web/20150519130306/http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/edex/One-Who-Fights-For-an-Other/2015/04/13/article2756559.ece. dead. 19 May 2015. The New Indian Express.
384. News: Trikone's 25th Anniversary Gala: Kulture Kulcha. 16 September 2014. 27 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150427075828/https://www.indiacurrents.com/events/2011/09/10/2011-09-10-trikones-25th-anniversary-gala-kulture-kulcha/. dead.
385. Web site: First openly gay Indian American official in the White House Gautam Raghavan resigns, joins Gill Foundation. The American Bazaar. 11 September 2014. 29 June 2017.
386. Web site: Satrang Youth Group Meeting Facebook. www.facebook.com. 2015-04-04. October 2011.
387. D. Karthikeyan, "Madurai comes out of the closet", The Hindu, 30 July 2012.
388. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-and-Transgender-community-seeks-to-increase-support-base/articleshow/15247326.cms "Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender community seeks to increase support base"
389. Web site: Chennai's LGBTQIA+ community is coming out in order to take down Section 377 . 2023-07-03 . Edex Live . en.
390. Web site: Indian Coming Out Day . 2023-07-03 . DNA India . en.
391. News: 2022-06-12 . First LGBTQIA cultural festival in Ahmedabad on July 2 . The Times of India . 2023-07-03 . 0971-8257.
392. Web site: South Asian / Desi LGBTQ - KhushATX. MeetUp. 29 June 2017.
393. [Gopi Shankar Madurai]
394. News: Nepal hosts South Asia's first gay sports tournament. BBC News. 12 October 2012. 22 September 2015.
395. Web site: Facebook Events: QUEER DIWALI. Facebook. 2015-04-04. November 2012.
396. Web site: EXHIBITIONS - Andil Gosine. cargocollective.com. 2015-04-04.
397. Web site: What I LOVE about being QUEER — The idea for Queer Diwali started with a hope to.... whatiloveaboutbeingqueer.tumblr.com. 2015-04-04.
398. Web site: Chitrangada. 29 July 2014. IMDb. 25 May 2012.
399. News: Shrikumar. A.. 2014-10-23. Making gender flexible. en-IN. The Hindu. 2020-11-12. 0971-751X.
400. News: World Pride Power List 2013: 100 most influential LGBT people of the year . Guardian.
401. News: LGBT South Asians gather in SF for DesiQ. Cassell. Heather. 4 July 2013. 2014-09-16. Bay Area Reporter.
402. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/24-hour-helpline-launched-for-LGBTs-in-Madurai/articleshow/20994000.cms?referral=PM "24-hour helpline launched for LGBTs in Madurai"
403. Web site: British Asian LGBTI. British Asian LGBTI.
404. Web site: Trikone Toronto Launch Meet & Greet.
405. Web site: Welcome to TRIKONE TORONTO. 6 May 2013. 10 May 2015. Trikone Toronto. Trikone Toronto.
406. Web site: Q? Y Art?. 2013. 10 May 2015. Q? Y Art? Project.
407. News: Sadeque. Syeda Samira. First ever LGBT magazine launched. 25 April 2016. Dhaka Tribune. 20 January 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140123051238/http://www.dhakatribune.com/arts-amp-culture/2014/jan/20/first-ever-lgbt-magazine-launched. 23 January 2014.
408. Web site: India's first LGBT Youth Leadership Summit held in Mumbai. Mission for Indian Gay & Lesbian Empowerment. 21 October 2014.
409. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/Its-a-great-honour-to-be-awarded-for-book-on-gender-variants-Gopi-Shankar/articleshow/38769130.cms "It's a great honour to be awarded for book on gender variants: Gopi Shankar"
410. Web site: BJP Supports TN Leader Book on LGBT . 10 July 2014 . The Asian Age . 3 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140808041550/http://www.asianage.com/india/bjp-supports-tn-leader-book-lgbt-157 . 8 August 2014.
411. Gladwin Emmanuel,"BJP Leader Launches LGBT Rights Book in TN", Mumbai Mirror, 11 July 2014.
412. News: Interview: Matt Ogston's Partner Took His Own Life After Coming Out As Gay. 18 October 2019. The Guardian. 9 December 2014.
413. News: Naz Mahmood death: Support group for gay Asians created. 18 October 2019. BBC News. 20 December 2014.
414. News: My boyfriend killed himself because his family couldn't accept that he was gay. 18 October 2019. The Guardian. 21 March 2015.
415. Web site: Supreme Court recognises the right to determine and express one's gender; grants legal status to 'third gender'. 17 April 2014. 20 October 2014. Lawyers Collective.
416. Web site: Toce. Sarah. First Woman of Color to Serve White House as LGBT Liaison. The Seattle Lesbian. 29 June 2017.
417. News: Ashutosh. Bhardwaj. Third option: Transgender is Raigarh mayor . The Indian Express . 7 January 2015.
418. News: Jatin Gandhi. Smriti Kak Ramachandran. RS passes Bill on transgender rights. 22 June 2015. The Hindu. 25 April 2015.
419. News: Dasgupta. Priyanka. India gets its first transgender college principal. 22 June 2015. The Times of India. TNN. 27 May 2015.
420. Web site: E-Li . Watch The First Indian Ad Featuring A Lesbian Couple. Lezbelib. 18 August 2015.
421. Web site: Dalit Queer Pride at Delhi Queer Pride 2015. 30 Nov 2015. Orinam. https://web.archive.org/web/20151204003404/http://orinam.net/dalit-queer-pride-at-delhi-queer-pride-2015/. 2015-12-04. dead. 15 April 2017.
422. Web site: Dalit Queer Pride at Delhi Queer Pride 2015. 30 November 2015. YouTube. 15 April 2017.
423. Web site: Dalit History Month – Dalit, Queer, Proud. 2016-05-02. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar's Caravan. 2017-04-15.
424. Pandey. Lekhanath. Passports for third gender. The Himalayan Times. 6 August 2015. 22 December 2015.
425. Plucinska. Joanna. Nepal Is the Latest Country to Acknowledge Transgender Citizens on Its Passports. Time. 11 August 2015. 22 December 2015.
426. Shekar. Madhuri. Venkatachalam. Hari. Tradition: Same-Sex Marriage and Hinduism. Hinduism Today. January 2016. January/February/March 2016. 22 December 2015.
427. News: R. Vansundara. Nepal's New LGBT Non-Discriminatory Laws Leave India Far Behind. 22 December 2015. 22 September 2015.
428. Web site: List Intersex in Transgender Bill, Urges NGO. 2020-11-12. The New Indian Express.
429. Web site: 2015-08-29. India urged to include intersex people in bill protecting trans rights. 2020-11-12. PinkNews. en-GB.
430. Book: Roy, Sandip. Don't Let Him Know. Bloomsbury. 2015. 9781620408988.
431. Book: Duttchoudhury. Aparajeeta. Hartman. Rukie. Moving Truth(s): Queer and Transgender Desi Writings on Family. April 2015. Flying Chickadee. 978-0-9896263-5-4. 18 August 2015.
432. News: Nat Film Awards ceremony to be held on May 3 every year: Soni. Press Trust of India. 2012-05-03. Business Standard India. 2017-04-15.
433. News: 62nd National Film Awards' winners: 'Haider' wins five, Kangana Ranaut's 'Queen' two. 2015-03-24. The Indian Express. 2017-04-15. en-US.
434. News: First ever movie on Pakistan's hidden LGBT community. 22 September 2015. Daily Pakistan Global. 14 August 2015.
435. Web site: McCray. Rebecca. Hidden in Plain Sight: Documentary Sheds Light on Pakistan's LGBT Community. takepart. 22 September 2015.
436. LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration . Abbott . Benjamin P. . Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger . . 116 . 6 . 061102 . 2016 . 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 . 1602.03837 . 26918975. 2016PhRvL.116f1102A . 124959784 .
437. News: Nergis Mavalvala: The Karachiite who went on to detect Einstein's gravitational waves. 14 February 2016. Dawn. 13 February 2016.
438. Vijaysree. Venkatraman. Just Herself. Science. 1 June 2012. 14 February 2016.
439. Web site: 2016-03-19. RSS flip-flop on homosexuality indicates gay men in India remain in exile, writes Ashok Row Kavi . 2020-11-12. Firstpost.
440. News: Intersex person to contest from Madurai North - TAMIL NADU . The Hindu . 2016-04-30 . 2016-05-22.
441. Web site: 3rd gender gets a new champion in Tamil Nadu poll ring - Times of India . Timesofindia.indiatimes.com . 2016-04-22 . 2016-05-22.
442. Web site: Intersex candidate alleges harassment - Times of India . Timesofindia.indiatimes.com . 2016-05-10 . 2016-05-22.
443. Web site: This intersex person is contesting TN polls, 'ze' wants to change your mind on sexual minorities . The News Minute . 2016-04-24 . 2016-05-22.
444. News: Editor of Bangladesh's first and only LGBT magazine killed. Gani. Saad Hammadi Aisha. 2016-04-25. The Guardian. en-GB. 0261-3077. 2016-04-26.
445. Web site: More individuals hacked to death in Bangladesh as Islamists broaden their hit list. British Humanist Association. 2016-04-26.
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