Timeline of Milan explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Milan, Italy.

BC era

• 400 BCE - Founded by the Celts^[1] under the name Medhelanon.^{[2] [3]}
• 222 BCE - Medhelanon was conquered by the ancient Romans, who Latinized the name of the city into Mediolanum.
• 49 BCE - Mediolanum becomes municipium.

3rd–8th centuries

• 3rd C. CE - Roman Catholic diocese of Milan established.^[4]
• 286 CE - Western Roman Empire capital moves from Rome to Mediolanum.
• 313 - Edict of Milan.
• 370 - Basilica of San Lorenzo consecrated.
• 379 - Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio consecrated.
• 382 - San Nazaro in Brolo construction begins.
• 402 - City besieged by Visigoths.
• 452 - City besieged by Huns.
• 539 - City sacked by Ostrogoths.
• 569 - Lombards conquer city.
• 774 - Milan surrenders to the Franks.
• 833 - San Vincenzo in Prato built.
• 899 - Hunnish invasion

11th century

• 1045 - Milan adopts the commune form of local city-state government.^[5]

12th–14th centuries

• 1135 - Chiaravalle Abbey founded.
• 1157 - Circular moat, (Naviglio), constructed round the town.
• 1158 - Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa besieges and sacks the city, but it soon rebels.
• 1162 - Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa seizes and destroys the city.
• 1183 - After the Peace of Constance Milan returns to the commune form of government.^[6]
• 13th C. - Palazzo Borromeo (Milan) established.
• 1233 - Palazzo della Ragione built.
• 1237 - After the Battle of Cortenuova Pagano della Torre rallied and saved Milan.
• 1259 - Milan is ruled as a Signoria with the Della Torre family ruling as Signores.
• 1277
  • The Battle of Desio is fought between the Della Torre and Visconti families for the control of Milan.
  • The Visconti of Milan emerges as the victors at Desio and begin their rule of Milan as the Signores.
• 1302 - Guido della Torre deposes Matteo I Visconti as the Signore.
• 1311 - Henry VII restores Matteo I Visconti as the Signore.
• 1321 - Loggia degli Osii built, with two open porticos in black and white marble.
• 1330
  • Piazza del Duomo, Milan work begins.
  • San Gottardo, Milan work begins.
• 1336 - Public clock installed.^[7]
• 1360 - Castello Sforzesco construction begun.
• 1381 - Chiesa di Santa Maria alla Scala built.
• 1386 - Milan Cathedral begins construction.
• 1395 - Milan is formally elevated to a Duchy when Wenceslaus IV titles Gian Galeazzo Visconti the Duke of Milan.^[8]

15th–16th centuries

• 1412 - Gian Maria Visconti assassinated in front of the San Gottardo, Milan.
• 1447
  • The death of Filippo Maria Visconti (1392–1447) ends more than two centuries of Visconti rule in Milan.^[9]
  • The Golden Ambrosian Republic begins.
• 1450 - The House of Sforza takes power.^[10]
• 1456 - Ospedale Maggiore begins construction.
• 1463 - Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan begun.
• 1471 - Printing press in operation.^[11]
• 1482 - Santa Maria delle Grazie built.
• 1493 - Santa Maria presso San Celso begins construction.
• 1496 - Chiesa di Santa Maria della Passione built.
• 1497 - Apicius de re Coquinaria cookbook published.
• 1498 - Leonardo paints The Last Supper in the Santa Maria delle Grazie church.
• 1508 - Santa Maria alla Fontana built.
• 1515 - Battle of Marignano and Francis I of France takes Milan.
• 1522 - Francesco II Sforza in power.
• 1535 - City becomes part of Habsburg Spain.
• 1562 - Palazzo dei Giureconsulti begins construction.
• 1565 - Casa degli Omenoni built (approximate date).
• 1577 - Milan Cathedral consecrated by Charles Borromeo, cardinal saint.
• 1579 - San Fedele built.
• 1580 - Plague.

17th century

• 1608 - Palazzo del Senato construction begins.
• 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens.
• 1618 - Pinacoteca Ambrosiana opens.
• 1630 - Plague begins.
• 1631 - Palazzo Annoni construction begins.
• 1640 - The gazette named Milano was published for the first time.
• 1644 - Palazzo delle Scuole Palatine rebuilt.

18th century

• 1717 - Teatro Regio Ducale built.
• 1761 - Palazzo Litta built.
• 1762 - Madonnina (statue) erected.
• 1772 - Royal Palace of Milan renovated.
• 1774 - Orto Botanico di Brera (garden) established.^[12]
• 1776 - Brera Academy founded.
• 1778
  • La Scala inaugurated.
  • Royal Palace of Milan expanded.
• 1779 - Teatro Lirico built.
• 1784 - Giardini Pubblici Indro Montanelli established.
• 1785 - The newspaper Il Corriere di Gabinetto - Gazzetta di Milano was published for the first time.
• 1786
  • Biblioteca di Brera (library) opens.
  • Archivio di Stato di Milano (state archives) established.^[13]
• 1793 - Palazzo Serbelloni built.
• 1796 - Milan declared capital of Cisalpine Republic.
• 1797 - 1st Grenadier Battalion and 2nd Rifle Battalion of the Polish Legions founded in Milan.^[14]

19th century

• 1802 - Milan becomes capital of the Napoleonic Italian Republic.^[15]
• 1805 - Coronation of Napoleon as King of Italy.
• 1807
  • Milan Conservatory established.
  • Arena Civica opened.
• 1808
  • Milan Stock Exchange established.
  • Casa Ricordi music publisher in business.^[16]
• 1817 - Caffè Cova in business on Via Monte Napoleone.
• 1820 - Revolutionary Carbonari arrested.
• 1824 - Pasticceria Marchesi in business.^[17]
• 1838 - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano founded.
• 1840 - Milan-Monza railway begins operating.
• 1842 - Premiere of Verdi's opera Nabucco.^[18]
• 1848 - Five Days uprising against Austrian Empire.
• 1860
  • Campari in business.
  • Antonio Beretta becomes mayor.
• 1861
  • Milan becomes part of Kingdom of Italy.
  • City hall opens in Palazzo Marino.
• 1863 - Istituto Tecnico Superiore founded.
• 1864 - opens at .
• 1866 - Cimitero Monumentale di Milano opened.
• 1870 - Hoepli publisher in business.
• 1871 - Population: 261,976.^[19]
• 1872
  • Pirelli company founded.
  • Ca' de Sass built.
  • Teatro Dal Verme opens.
• 1873 - Società Storica Lombarda (history society) founded.
• 1876
  • Corriere della Sera newspaper begins publication.^[20]
  • Trams begin operating.
• 1877 - Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II built.
• 1879
  • Milano Affori railway station and Milano Bovisa-Politecnico railway station open.
  • "Società d'Esplorazione Commerciale in Africa" founded.
• 1881 - Population: 321,839.
• 1883 - Salumi in business.
• 1886
  • Breda manufactory in business.
  • German School of Milan founded.
  • Piazza della Scala established.
• 1888
  • Parco Sempione established.
  • Via Dante constructed.

• 1891 - Camera del Lavoro (labor centre)^[21] and (hiking club)^[22] founded.
• 1894 - Touring Club Italiano established.
• 1896
  • Casa di Riposo per Musicisti founded.
  • Italo Pacchioni creates "first Italian film" Arrivo del treno alla Stazione di Milano.^[23]
• 1897 - Population: 470,558.^[24]
• 1898 - Bava-Beccaris massacre.
• 1899
  • Milan Football and Cricket Club founded.^[25]
  • Parini statue erected in Piazza Cordusio.

20th century

1900s–1940s

• 1902 - Bocconi University founded.
• 1903 - Palazzo Castiglioni built.
• 1906
  • Confederazione Generale del Lavoro (labor union) headquartered in Milan.
  • Milan International (1906) world's fair held
  • Simplon Tunnel opens.
  • Casa Campanini built.
  • Population: 560,613.
• 1907 - (shoe shop) in business.
• 1908 - Internazionale Milano football club founded.
• 1909 - Malpensa Airport established.
• 1911 - in business.
• 1912 - Messina tram depot built.
• 1915
  • Castello Cova built.
  • American Chamber of Commerce established.
• 1917
  • Galleria Pesaro opens.
  • La Rinascente (shop) in business.
• 1919
  • March: Fascio di Combattimento political group founded.
  • August: Honorary Consulate of Poland opened, later elevated to Consulate-General (see Italy–Poland relations).^[26]
• 1921
  • Milan Sample Fair begins.
  • Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore established.
• 1922 - Novecento Italiano art movement active.^[27]
• 1924 - University of Milan founded.
• 1926 - Stadio San Siro opens.
• 1927 - A. Rizzoli & Co. founded.
• 1930 - Planetario di Milano inaugurated.
• 1931 - Milano Centrale railway station opens.
• 1932 - Palazzo Mezzanotte (stock exchange) built.
• 1933
  • Trolleybuses begin operating.
  • Torre Branca built in Parco Sempione.
• 1934 - Institute for International Political Studies founded.

• 1935 - Villa Necchi Campiglio (residence) built.^[28]
• 1937 - Linate Airport opens.
• 1939
  • A.C. Milan football club active.
  • Anteo Spazio Cinema opens.
• 1942 - opens.
• 1945 - 29 April: Corpse of executed Mussolini brought to Piazzale Loreto.
• 1947 - Piccolo Teatro founded.^[29]

1950s–1990s

• 1954 - Padiglione d'Arte Contemporanea inaugurated.
• 1955
  • FrancoAngeli publisher in business.
  • Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea founded.
• 1956 - Palazzo dell'Arengario built.
• 1958 - Milan Fashion Week begins.
• 1960 - Cinema Ambasciatori opens.^[30]
• 1961 - Milan Furniture Fair begins.
• 1962 - Amica fashion magazine in publication.
• 1964 - Milan Metro begins operating.
• 1965 - Milan Cathedral final details completed.
• 1968 - IULM University of Milan founded.
• 1969 - Piazza Fontana bombing.^[31]
• 1974 - theatre troupe founded.
• 1975 - Armani fashion house founded.
• 1979 - MIP- Politecnico di Milano School of Management formed.
• 1980
  • opens.
  • Parco Alessandrini inaugurated.
• 1982 - Domus Academy established.
• 1985 - Dolce & Gabbana fashion house founded.
• 1986 - Class Editori founded.
• 1987
  • MF Milano Finanza newspaper begins publication.
  • Massimo De Carlo art gallery opens.http://www.massimodecarlo.com/galleries
• 1990
  • Milan Metro Line 3 begins operating.
  • Parco Agricolo Sud Milano established.
• 1991
  • July: City hosts the final round of the 1991 FIVB Volleyball World League.
  • Viafarini (art entity) established.
  • 10 Corso Como in business.
• 1994 - July: City hosts the final round of the 1994 FIVB Volleyball World League.
• 1995 - Documentation Center for Visual Arts founded.
• 1996 - Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Trussardi Foundation established.
• 1997 - Milan Passante railway begins operating.
• 1998
  • June: University of Milan Bicocca established.
  • July: City hosts the final round of the 1998 FIVB Volleyball World League.
• 1999 - Malpensa Express begins operating.

21st century

• 2001
  • 23 May: 2001 UEFA Champions League Final held in Milan.
  • 8 October: 2001 Linate Airport runway collision.
  • City website online (approximate date).^[32]
  • O’artoteca (art organization) founded.
• 2002
  • Orto Botanico di Cascina Rosa established.
  • Teatro degli Arcimboldi opens.
• 2004
  • architects active.
  • Bulgari Hotel in business.
• 2006
  • Lettera27 headquartered in Milan.http://www.lettera27.org/en/about-us/
  • Letizia Moratti becomes mayor.^[33]
• 2008
  • BikeMi launched.
  • Ecopass congestion charge begins.
• 2009
  • Peep Hole^[34] and Cardi Black Box art gallery active.^[35]
  • Homeless World Cup football contest held.
• 2010 - Population: 1,315,803.^[36]
• 2011 - Giuliano Pisapia becomes mayor.^[37]
• 2012
  • Portello Park inaugurated.^[38]
  • Milan Area C congestion charge begins, replacing Ecopass.
  • Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori high-speed train service begins operating, connecting Milan to Naples via Rome.^[39]
• 2013 - Population: 1,262,101 municipality; 3,075,083 province.^[40]
• 2015 - 1 May: Expo 2015 world fair opens.
• 2016 - June: Milan municipal election, 2016 held.

See also

• History of Milan (it)
• List of mayors of Milan
• List of rulers of Milan

Timelines of other cities in the macroregion of Northwest Italy:^(it)

• Liguria region: Timeline of Genoa
• Lombardy region: Timeline of Bergamo; Brescia; Cremona; Mantua; Pavia
• Piedmont region: Timeline of Novara; Turin

References

This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in the 16th-19th century

in English

• • Book: . 1830 . Edinburgh . Edinburgh Encyclopaedia . David Brewster . David Brewster . Milan . https://archive.org/stream/edinburghencyclo14edinuoft#page/268/mode/2up .
    • Book: Italy and its Comforts . Valery . 1842 . London . Longman . https://books.google.com/books?id=HpYkYDlrYpsC&pg=PA24 . Milan .
  • Book: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography . William Smith . William Smith (lexicographer) . London . John Murray . 1854 . 1872. Mediolanum . . 2027/hvd.ah5cur . Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography .

in other languages

• • ; 2nd edn (1619) with additions by Girolamo Borsieri, Milan: Bidelli.
    • Book: Nuova Enciclopedia Italiana . it . Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese . Torino . 1887 . 6th . Milano . 2027/nnc1.cu08476810 . Nuova Enciclopedia Italiana .

Published in the 20th century

in English

• • • • Milan . 18 . Brown . Horatio Robert Forbes . Horatio Robert Forbes Brown . Ashby . Thomas . Thomas Ashby (archaeologist) . 437 - 441 . 1910 . . 1.
  • + 1870 ed.
  • The Family and the 'Economic Miracle': Social Transformation, Work, Leisure and Development at Bovisa and Comasina (Milan), 1950-70 . John Foot . Contemporary European History . 4 . 3 . 315–338 . 1995 . 20081556 . 10.1017/s0960777300003507. 145084971 .
• Book: Trudy Ring . Southern Europe . International Dictionary of Historic Places . 3 . 1996 . Fitzroy Dearborn . 31045650 . Milan .
• Television and the City: The Impact of Television in Milan, 1954-1960 . John Foot . Contemporary European History . 8 . 3 . 379–394 . 1999 . 20081718 . 10.1017/S0960777399003033 . 20120561 . 35221104 .
• Crisis and Transformation: Economic Organization and Social Structures in Milan, 1570-1610 . Stefano D'Amico . Social History . 25 . 1 . 1–21 . 2000 . 4286606. 10.1080/030710200363249 . 145362967 .

in Italian

• • Book: Piemonte, Lombardia, Canton Ticino. Guida d'Italia . . Milan . it. 1916. Milano . 5+. 2027/uiuo.ark:/13960/t1rf92c9w .
• Book: Storia di Milano . it . . 461149469 . 1953-1966 (17 volumes)
• Luigi Ganapini. Una città in guerra (Milano, 1939-1951) (Milan: Angeli, 1988)
• Achille Rastelli. Bombe sulla città. Gli attacchi aerei alleati: le vittime civili a Milano (Milan: Mursia, 2000)

Published in the 21st century

in English

• Web site: History of Italy . HistoryWorld . 4 February 2020 . 2.
• Web site: Lecco . Alberto . Foot . John . Milan Italy . Encyclopedia Britannica . Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. . 4 February 2020 . 2020.
• Rebirth of a City: Immigration and Trade in Milan, 1630-59 . Stefano D'Amico . The Sixteenth Century Journal . 32 . 3 . 697–721 . 2001. 2671508. . 10.2307/2671508 . 18939327 .
• Milan: The city of constant renewal . Anna Trono . Maria Chiara Zerbi . GeoJournal . 58 . 2002. .
• Turning Fashion into Business: The Emergence of Milan as an International Fashion Hub . Elisabetta Merlo . Francesca Polese . Business History Review . 80 . 3 . 415–447 . 2006. 25097225. . 10.1017/S0007680500035856 . 156857344 .
• Web site: "Venice and Northern Italy, 1400–1600 A.D." Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . The Met . The Metropolitan Museum of Art . 4 February 2020 . 2019.
  • Web site: You Know You're a Milan Insider When . 15 October 2010 . New York Times. .
• Book: Chris Wickham . Sleepwalking into a New World: The Emergence of Italian City Communes in the Twelfth Century. 2015. Princeton University Press. 978-1-4008-6582-6. Milan . 21–66. Chris Wickham.

in Italian

• Francesco Ogliari. Fiamme su Milano: I bombardamenti aerei 1940-1945 (Pavia: Selecta, 2005)

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Milan, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Milan, various dates

Notes and References

1. Web site: Cronologia di Milano dalla fondazione fino al 150 d.C.. 11 July 2018. it.
2. Web site: Cronologia di Milano dalla fondazione fino al 150 d.C.. 11 July 2018. it.
3. Book: Tellier, Luc-Normand. Urban World History. limited. 2009. Press de l'Université du Québec. Québec. 978-2-7605-1588-8. 274.
4. Web site: Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Italy . Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) . Norway . 30 June 2015 .
5. Lecco.
6. History of Italy - HistoryWorld.
7. Book: Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum . History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders . 1996. University of Chicago Press. 978-0-226-15510-4 . The First Public Clocks . https://books.google.com/books?id=9Za4jdBEVB4C&pg=PA129 .
8. Book: Michael Wyatt. Cambridge Companion to the Italian Renaissance. 2014. Cambridge University Press. 978-1-139-99167-4 . Timeline . 308 and xxii .
9. "Venice and Northern Italy, 1400–1600 A.D.
10. Book: Michael Wyatt. Cambridge Companion to the Italian Renaissance. 2014. Cambridge University Press. 978-1-139-99167-4 . Timeline . xxi+ .
11. Book: Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum . Robert Proctor . London . Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company . 1898 . Books Printed From Types: Italy: Milano . HathiTrust . 2027/uc1.c3450631 . Robert Proctor (bibliographer) .
12. Web site: Garden Search: Italy . . London . 30 June 2015 .
13. Book: Archivi di Stato in Milano: Prefetti o direttori, 1468-1874 . 1874 . Damiano Muoni .

    it:Damiano Muoni

    . it.
14. Book: Gembarzewski, Bronisław. Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831. 1925. pl. Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. Warszawa. 43.
15. Book: Mark Gilbert. Robert K. Nilsson. Historical Dictionary of Modern Italy . 2007. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-6428-3 . Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=XQCyAAAAQBAJ&pg=PR19 .
16. Book: André de Quadros . André de Quadros . Cambridge Companion to Choral Music . 2012 . Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-11173-7 . Choral Music in the Culture of the 19th Century . Chester L. Alwes . Music publishers of the 18th to the early 20th c. (chronological list) . https://books.google.com/books?id=b79Dc9sHDtMC&pg=PA39 . registration .
17. Web site: Pasticceria Marchesi: ricordi al profumo di pasta frolla . 14 May 2012 . . Milan . it . 25 August 2013.
18. Web site: BBC . Radio 3 . Opera Timeline . 30 June 2015 . BBC Radio 3 .
19. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . 1873 . London . Macmillan and Co.. Italy . 2027/nyp.33433081590360 .
20. Web site: Milan (Italy) Newspapers . USA . WorldCat . . 25 August 2013.
21. Web site: Cronologia di Milano . Timeline of Milan . Storia di Milano . Maria Grazia Tolfo . Paolo Colussi . 30 June 2015 . it .
22. Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907 . A.J. Mackintosh . . UK . 1907 . 177 . 2027/njp.32101076197365 .
23. Book: Richard Abel. Encyclopedia of Early Cinema. 2005. Routledge . 978-0-415-23440-5.
24. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . 1899 . London . Macmillan and Co.. Italy . HathiTrust . 2027/nyp.33433081590550 . Statesman's Year-Book .
25. Book: Tom Dunmore. Historical Dictionary of Soccer. 2011. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-7188-5.
26. Book: Ceranka. Paweł. Szczepanik. Krzysztof. 2020. Urzędy konsularne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1918–1945. Informator archiwalny. pl. Warszawa. Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych. 247. 978-83-65681-93-5.
27. Web site: Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937 . Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937 . Online Exhibitions . 2007 . Chris Michaelides . British Library .
28. Web site: Leading Mansion . 30 April 2010 . New York Times .
29. Company Profile: The Piccolo Teatro of Milan: Theatre of Europe . François Colbert . International Journal of Arts Management . 7 . 3 . 66–73 . 2005 . 41064853 .
30. Web site: Movie Theaters in Milan . CinemaTreasures.org . Cinema Treasures LLC . Los Angeles . 25 August 2013 .
31. Book: Zygmunt G. Baranski and Rebecca J. West. Cambridge Companion to Modern Italian Culture. 2001. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-55982-9 . Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=1hVfHLOGAxwC&pg=PR17 .
32. Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20010615132608/http://www.comune.milano.it/pop_up.html . Comune di Milano . 2001-06-15 . it . .
33. Web site: Il Sindaco . Comune di Milano. it . https://web.archive.org/web/20061104211608/http://www.comune.milano.it/organi/ilsindaco_index.html. dead . 4 November 2006 .
34. Web site: Italy . Art Spaces Directory . New York . . 25 August 2013.
35. Web site: Leading Mansion - Exhibitions . Cardi Black Box . Milano . 25 August 2013.
36. Web site: Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants . Demographic Yearbook 2011 . 2012 . .
37. Web site: Italian mayors . London . City Mayors.com . . 25 August 2013.
38. Web site: Inaugurato il Parco Portello . 6 December 2012 . Comune di Milano . it .
39. Book: Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year . 2013. Encyclopaedia Britannica . 978-1-62513-103-4.
40. Web site: Resident Population . Demo-Geodemo . . 30 June 2015 .