Timeline of Marrakesh explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Marrakesh, Morocco.

Prior to 20th century

• 1070 CE - Marrakesh founded by Abu Bakr ibn Umar^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]} (or in 1062 according to some sources^{[7] [8]})
• 1117 - Almoravid Koubba built.
• 1126 - Ramparts built (approximate date).^[8]
• 1129 - City besieged by Almohads.^[9]
• 1132 - Masjid al-Siqaya (mosque) built (approximate date).
• 1147 - Almohads in power.^[8]
• 1157 - Agdal Gardens laid out.^[10]
• 1158 - Kutubiyya Mosque re-built.
• 1182 - Scholar Al-Suhayli arrives in Marrakesh (approximate date).
• 1188 - Bab Agnaou (gate) built.
• 1190 - Kasbah Mosque completed.
• 1197 - New qasba built.
• 1248 - Marinids in power.
• 1288 - Abu Yaqub in power.
• 1331 - Sidi Muhammad ibn Salih mosque built.
• 1350 - Traveler Ibn Battuta visits city.
• 1525 - Saadians in power.
• 1554 - Mohammed ash-Sheikh in power.
• 1557 - Sidi’l-Jazuli hospice built.^[11]
• 1565 - Ben Youssef Madrasa built.
• 1572 - al-Muwassin mosque built.
• 1593 - El Badi Palace built.
• 1603 - Saadian Tombs built.
• 1606 - City taken by forces of Abd Allah.
• 1664 - 31 July: City taken by forces of Alaouite Al-Rashid of Morocco.^[8]
• 1746 - Mohammed ben Abdallah in power.^[8]
• 1900 - Bahia Palace built.

20th century

• 1906 - Population: 50,000 to 60,000. (estimate).
• 1907 - Émile Mauchamp a French doctor, assassinated by a mob.
• 1912
  • Mauritanian Ahmed al-Hiba in power.
  • 6 September: Battle of Sidi Bou Othman occurs near city.
  • September: City occupied by French forces.
  • Fort built.
• 1919 - area planned.
• 1923
  • Marrakesh railway station built.
  • La Mamounia hotel in business.
  • Public library opens.^[12]
• 1926 - Population: 149,263.
• 1932 - Dar Si Said (museum) opens.^[13]
• 1943 - Tower of the Koutoubia Mosque painted by Winston Churchill
• 1947
  • Majorelle Garden opens.
  • Kawkab Marrakech football club formed.
• 1948 - Mouloudia de Marrakech football club formed.
• 1951 - Population: 215,312.^[14]
• 1973 - Population: 330,400 city; 436,300 urban agglomeration.^[15]
• 1978 - Cadi Ayyad University established.
• 1985 - Medina of Marrakesh UNESCO World Heritage Site established.^[16]
• 1987
  • Marrakech Marathon begins.
  • École supérieure de commerce de Marrakech (school) established.
• 1994
  • August: Hotel shooting.
  • Population: 745,541.
• 1996 - (museum) opens.
• 2000 - École nationale des sciences appliquées de Marrakech established.

21st century

• 2004 - Population: 823,000.
• 2005 - Marrakech Biennale begins.
• 2009 - Fatima-Zahra Mansouri becomes mayor.^[17]
• 2011
  • 28 April: 2011 Marrakesh bombing at Jemaa el-Fnaa.^[18]
  • Stade de Marrakech (stadium) opens.
  • TEDx Marrakesh begins.^[19]
  • Population: 939,000.^[20]
• 2014
  • August: 2014 African Championships in Athletics held in city.
  • Population: 978,045 (estimate).
• 2015 - City becomes part of the Marrakesh-Safi administrative region.
• 2016 - November: 2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP22) held in city.
• 2022 - October: Consulate of Poland established (see also Morocco–Poland relations).^[21]
• 2023 - September: A 6.9 earthquake strikes Al Haouz Province; over 2,900 dies and the city's historic landmarks are destroyed.^[22] Eighteen people dies in the city.^[23]

See also

• History of Marrakesh
• Imperial cities of Morocco
• Timelines of other cities in Morocco: Casablanca, Fez, Meknes, Rabat,, Tangier
• History of Morocco

Bibliography

in English

• • (written in 16th century)
• Book: S. L. Bensusan . S. L. Bensusan. 1904 . Morocco . London . . (includes Marrakesh)
• Marrākesh . 17 . 753 . 1910 . . 1.
• Book: Marrakesh . 296+ . E.J. Brill . Encyclopaedia of Islam . 1927 . https://books.google.com/books?id=Va6oSxzojzoC . . Encyclopaedia of Islam . 9004097961 .
• Book: Kevin Shillington. Encyclopedia of African History . 2005 . Fitzroy Dearborn . 978-1-135-45670-2 . Marrakech . https://books.google.com/books?id=umyHqvAErOAC . 948 . James A. Miller . .
• Book: Historic Cities of the Islamic World . C. Edmund Bosworth . 2007 . . Leiden . Marrakesh . 319+ . 978-9004153882 . https://books.google.com/books?id=UB4uSVt3ulUC . .
• Book: Marrakech . 2007 . . 978-1-84670-019-4 . History . https://books.google.com/books?id=XnPJ8_eOp4QC . 12+ .
• Book: . Santa Barbara, USA . Michael R.T. Dumper . Bruce E. Stanley . Cities of the Middle East and North Africa . 2008 . Marrakesh . 246+ .
• Book: Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture . Oxford University Press . 2009 . 978-0-19-530991-1 . Marrakesh . https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC . .

in French

• Paul Lambert . Notice sur la ville de Maroc . Bulletin de la Société de Géographie . Paris . 1868 . fr .
• Book: Ch. Brossard. fr. Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France. Flammarion. Paris. Colonies françaises. 1906. Maroc: Description des villes: Merrakech. https://books.google.com/books?id=clc02B1BIkgC&pg=PA223. . (+ table of contents)
• Book: Au Maroc; Marrakech . Maurice de Périgny . 1918 . fr . P. S. Roger et cie . Collection les pays modernes .
• Jean-François Troin . Marrakech revisitée ou les villes dans la ville . . 59 . 4 . 13–19 . 10.3406/medit.1986.2423 . fr . . 1986.
• Jean-François Troin . Fès et Marrakech: Evolution comparée de deux capitales régionales marocaines . . 50 . 149–169 . 10.3406/camed.1995.1143 . fr . Persee.fr . 1995.
• Book: https://books.google.com/books?id=JMGju0zRXYsC&pg=PA34 . Chronologie . fr . 2009 . . Marrakech . 9782746926042 .
• Anne-Claire Kurzac-Souali . Marrakech, insertion mondiale et dynamiques socio-spatiales locales . . 116 . 116 . 123–132 . 10.4000/mediterranee.5441 . fr . . 2011.
• Chloé Pellegrini . Parcours de petits entrepreneurs français à Marrakech . French Entrepreneurs in Marrakesh . . 221–222 . fr . Revues.org . 2016.

External links

• Web site: (Articles related to Marrakech) . Connecting-Africa . . Leiden, Netherlands .

Notes and References

1. Book: Deverdun, Gaston. Marrakech: Des origines à 1912. Éditions Techniques Nord-Africaines. 1959. Rabat.
2. Book: Abun-Nasr, Jamil. A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge University Press. 1987. 0521337674. Cambridge.
3. Web site: Qantara - Les Almoravides (1056-1147). 2020-08-25. www.qantara-med.org.
4. Book: Salmon, Xavier. Maroc Almoravide et Almohade: Architecture et décors au temps des conquérants, 1055-1269. LienArt. 2018. Paris.
5. Book: Wilbaux, Quentin. La médina de Marrakech: Formation des espaces urbains d'une ancienne capitale du Maroc. L'Harmattan. 2001. 2747523888. Paris.
6. Book: Bennison, Amira K.. The Almoravid and Almohad Empires. Edinburgh University Press. 2016.
7. Book: The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. 2009. 9780195309911. M. Bloom. Jonathan. Marrakesh. S. Blair. Sheila.
8. Book: Thomas K. Park. Historical Dictionary of Morocco. Aomar Boum. Scarecrow Press. 2006. 978-0-8108-6511-2. 2nd. Marrakech. https://books.google.com/books?id=8KiCl5-MxMMC.
9. Book: Hsain Ilahiane . Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen) . 2006. . 978-0-8108-6490-0. Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=0E8qp_k515oC .
10. Web site: . https://web.archive.org/web/20131005234714/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1910 . dead . 5 October 2013 . Morocco: Marrakech .
11. Web site: Western North Africa (The Maghrib), 1400–1600 A.D.: Key Events . Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . . New York . 30 October 2014 .
12. Book: Robert Wedgeworth . World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services . 1993 . 3rd . American Library Association . 978-0-8389-0609-5 . Morocco . Lola Souad . https://books.google.com/books?id=HSFu99FCJwQC . 585+ .
13. Book: Katarzyna Pieprzak. Imagined Museums: Art and Modernity in Postcolonial Morocco . 2010. University of Minnesota Press. 978-1-4529-1520-3.
14. Book: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1950_round.htm . Demographic Yearbook 1955 . . New York . Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants .
15. Book: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm . Demographic Yearbook 1975 . 1976 . United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office . New York . Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants . 253–279 .
16. Web site: Medina of Marrakesh . United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization . 30 October 2014 .
17. Web site: . Morocco: Celebrating the First Female Mayor of Marrakesh . 29 June 2009 .
18. Web site: Morocco Profile: Timeline . BBC News . 30 October 2014 .
19. Web site: TEDx Marrakesh . 30 October 2014 .
20. Book: The State of African Cities 2014 . 978-92-1-132598-0 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195641/https://unhabitat.org/the-state-of-african-cities-2014/ . 10 September 2014 . dmy-all . 2015-09-10 .
21. Web site: Utworzenie Konsulatu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w Marrakeszu (Królestwo Marokańskie). 11 December 2023. pl.
22. Web site: 'Fragile state': Fears for Marrakesh's ancient structures after earthquake . 2023-09-10 . Al Jazeera . en . 10 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230910103950/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/9/fragile-state-fears-for-marrakeshs-ancient-structures-after-earthquake . live .
23. News: Morocco's Earthquake Death Toll Jumps to 2,497 Victims . 11 September 2023 . Morocco World News . 11 September 2023 . 12 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230912063235/https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2023/09/357612/moroccos-earthquake-death-toll-jumps-to-2-497-victims . live .