Timeline of Madrid explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Madrid, Spain.

Prior to 17th century

• Prehistory: Quaternary period or Lower Paleolithic- First archaeological signs of human occupation
• Roman period: mansion or staging-post (Miacum) established
• 5th century AD – archaeological remains reported in 2007 indicate Visigoth occupation
• 9th century – Muhammad I of Córdoba ordered the construction of an Alcazar
• 1085 – Alfonso VI of León and Castile takes the city in the Reconquista.
• 1339 – Treaty of Madrid secures collaboration between Aragon and Castile
• 1499 –
  • Cardinal Cisneros founded the Complutense University.
  • Fernando de Rojas publishes La Celestina in Madrid
• 1500 - Printing press in operation.^[1]
• 1505 – San Jerónimo el Real built.
• 1526 – Treaty of Madrid signed.
• 1537 – Casa de Cisneros built.
• 1547 - Birth of Miguel de Cervantes, later a Spanish writer.
• 1559 – Convent of Las Descalzas Reales founded.
• 1561
  • Court of Philip II moves to Madrid.
  • Population: 20,000.
• 1562 - Anton van den Wyngaerde draws a .
• 1584 – Bridge of Segovia built.

17th century

• 1601 – Court of Philip III moves from Madrid to Valladolid.
• 1605 - Cervantes' novel Don Quixote published.
• 1606 – Court of Philip III returns to Madrid.
• 1613 – Palace of the Councils built.
• 1616 – Real Monasterio de la Encarnación inaugurated.
• 1619 – Plaza Mayor laid out; Casa de la Panadería built.
• 1633 – Church of San Antonio de los Alemanes built.
• 1636 – Royal Alcazar built.
• 1637 – Buen Retiro Palace built.
• 1643 – Palacio de Santa Cruz built.
• 1644 - Funeral of Isabel de Borbón.^[2]
• 1661 – Gazeta de Madrid begins publication.
• 1664 – San Isidro Church built.
• 1672 – Premiere of Guevara - Hidalgo's zarzuela Celos Hacen Estrellas.^[3]

18th century

• 1706 – City occupied by Portuguese.
• 1713 – Royal Spanish Academy founded.
• 1714 – Real Biblioteca del Palacio formed.
• 1734 – Royal Alcazar burns down.
• 1737 – Real Colegio de Profesores Boticarios established.
• 1738 – Real Academia de la Historia founded.
• 1743 – Teatro de la Cruz renovated.
• 1751 – Compañía Guipuzcoana de Caracas headquartered in Madrid.
• 1752 – Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando founded.
• 1755 – Real Jardín Botánico founded.^[4]
• 1756 – built.
• 1766 – Esquilache Riots.
• 1767 – Buen Retiro Park opens.
• 1774 – (zoo) opens.
• 1778 – Puerta de Alcalá inaugurated.
• 1782 – built on Plaza de Cibeles.
• 1784 – San Francisco el Grande Basilica built.
• 1790 – Plaza Mayor reconstructed.
• 1798 – Royal Chapel of St. Anthony of La Florida built. Population: 170,000

19th century

• 1808 – Dos de Mayo Uprising.
• 1812 – Wellington takes city from the French.
• 1817 – Moncloa Porcelain Factory in operation.^[5]
• 1819 – Museo del Prado established.
• 1830
  • Royal Conservatory of Music founded.
  • creates a scale model of the city.
• 1831 – Bolsa de Madrid founded.^[6]
• 1832 - Lhardy patisserie in business.
• 1835 – Ateneo de Madrid founded.
• 1836
  • Biblioteca Nacional established.^[7]
  • Literary University relocates to Madrid.
• 1840 – Monumento a los Caidos por España inaugurated.
• 1843 – Museo Naval de Madrid inaugurated.^[8]
• 1850 – Teatro Real opera house opens.
• 1851 – Estación de Mediodía inaugurated.
• 1856
  • Teatro de la Zarzuela opens.
  • (school) founded.
• 1864 – Hotel Paris opens.
• 1866 – Sociedad de Conciertos de Madrid founded.
• 1867 – National Archaeological Museum of Spain established.
• 1868 – City walls dismantled.
• 1869 - Jardín Zoológico established.^[9]
• 1874 – Bull ring constructed on Plaza de Toros.
• 1875 – Museo Nacional de Antropología inaugurated.
• 1877 – Population: 397,816.
• 1884 – Cementerio de la Almudena established.
• 1885
  • Roman Catholic diocese of Madrid established.^[10]
  • Theatre of María Guerrero built.
• 1887
  • Café Comercial in business.
  • Palacio de Cristal built.
  • Population: 472,228.
• 1888 – Café Gijón opens.
• 1891 - Bank of Spain Building completed.
• 1892 – Historical American Exposition held.
• 1893 – Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre formed.
• 1900 – Population: 539,835.^[11]

20th century

• 1902 – Real Madrid C.F. (football club) founded.
• 1903 – Madrid Symphony Orchestra formed.
• 1905 – Parque del Oeste inaugurated.
• 1909 – Cibeles Palace built.
• 1910
  • Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales established.
  • Residencia de Estudiantes founded.
• 1911
  • Cuatro Vientos Airport opens.
  • Metropolis Building inaugurated.
• 1912 – Hotel Palace opens.
• 1916 – Market of San Miguel constructed.
• 1919 – Metro begins operating.
• 1920 - Population: 750,896.
• 1922 – Monument to Alfonso XII inaugurated.
• 1923 – Teatro Monumental (theatre) built.
• 1924
  • Line 2 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
  • Hotel Florida opens.
  • National Museum of Romanticism inaugurated.
• 1925 – Teatro Pavón (theatre) opens.
• 1928 - Catholic Opus Dei founded.
• 1929
  • Gran Vía constructed.
  • opens.
• 1930
  • Teatro Munoz Seca (theatre) opens.
  • built.
• 1931
  • City designated capital of Spanish Republic.
  • Airport begins operating.
  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Spain) headquartered in Madrid.
• 1932 – Museo Sorolla and Cine Proyecciones (cinema) inaugurated.
• 1934 – Museum of the Spanish Village formed.
• 1935 – House-Museum of Lope de Vega and Cine Madrid-Paris (cinema) open.
• 1936
  • November: Siege of Madrid begins.^[12]
  • Line 3 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1939
  • March: Siege of Madrid ends; Nationalists in power.
  • Capital of Spanish State relocated to Madrid from Burgos.
• 1940
  • Spanish National Orchestra founded.
  • Population: 1,088,647.^[13]
• 1941 – Museum of the Americas founded.
• 1944
  • Carabanchel Prison built.
  • Museum Cerralbo opens.
  • Line 4 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1946 – Estadio Santiago Bernabéu opens.
• 1949 - Cine Pompeya (cinema) opens.
• 1950 – Lope de Vega Theater opens.
• 1951 – Museum of Lázaro Galdiano opens.
• 1954 - Cine Benlliure (cinema) opens.^[14]
• 1956 - Real Madrid wins first European Cup.^[15]
• 1960 - Population: 2,259,931.
• 1965 – RTVE Symphony Orchestra formed.
• 1966 – Estadio Vicente Calderón opens.
• 1967 – City flag design adopted.
• 1968
  • Autonomous University of Madrid established.
  • Line 5 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1969 – Comillas Pontifical University relocates to Madrid.
• 1970 - Population: 3,146,071.
• 1971 – Technical University of Madrid formed.
• 1972
  • Zoo Aquarium built.
  • Temple of Debod installed.
• 1973 – Operación Ogro.
• 1974 - Line 7 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1975 – La Movida Madrileña.
• 1976 – Torres de Colón built.
• 1977 – Massacre of Atocha.
• 1978
  • Sabatini Gardens open.
  • Centro Dramático Nacional created.
• 1979
  • Line 6 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
  • Windsor Tower built.
• 1980 - Line 9 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 1981 – Museo de Aeronáutica y Astronáutica founded.
• 1982 – City hosts 1982 FIFA World Cup.
• 1983
  • Almudena Cathedral consecrated.
  • November: Avianca Flight 011 accident.
  • December: Alcalá 20 nightclub fire.
• 1984 – Queen Sofía Chamber Orchestra formed.
• 1987 – Community of Madrid Orchestra founded.
• 1988 – National Auditorium of Music inaugurated.
• 1989 – El Mundo begins publication.
• 1990 - in business.
• 1991
  • City hosts Israeli–Palestinian peace conference.
  • Population: 2,984,576.
• 1992
  • Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line and Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum open.
  • Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía and Juan Carlos I Park established.
• 1994 – Festimad music festival begins.
• 1996 – Gate of Europe and Islamic Cultural Center of Madrid built.^[16]
• 1997 – Teatro Real reopens.
• 1998 - Line 8 (Madrid Metro) and Line 11 (Madrid Metro) begin operating.

21st century

• 2001 - City named World Book Capital by UNESCO.
• 2002 – Madrid Arena opens.
• 2003
  • Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón becomes the new mayor, succeeding José María Álvarez del Manzano.
  • Manzanares Park inaugurated.
  • Line 12 (Madrid Metro) begins operating.
• 2004
  • March: Train bombings.^[17]
  • Museo del Traje established.^[18]
• 2005
  • Windsor Tower suffers a major fire and becomes demolished afterwards.
  • June: Demonstration against ETA.^[19]
  • Madrid–Toledo high-speed rail line begins operating.
  • Forest of Remembrance dedicated.
  • Madrid Ballet established.
• 2006
  • Art Madrid contemporary art fair begins.
  • Teatro Valle-Inclán opens.
  • December: Airport bombing.
• 2007 – Metro Ligero begins operating.
• 2008
  • Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line begins operating.
  • Spanair Flight 5022 crash.
  • Caixa Forum opens.
  • Torre PwC, Torre Caja Madrid, Torre de Cristal, and Torre Espacio built.
  • Saturday Night Fiber music festival held.
• 2009 – Population: 3,264,497.^[20]
• 2011
  • 15-M Movement protests.
  • inaugurated.^{[21] [22]}
  • Ana Botella becomes the new City Mayor after Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón resigns.^[23]
• 2012
  • May: Economic protest.^[24]
  • November: Anti-austerity protests.^[25]
• 2013 – September: 4th bid for the Summer Olympic Games fails.
• 2015
  • March: inaugurated.
  • May: City Council election held; Manuela Carmena elected mayor.
• 2019
  • June: José Luis Martínez-Almeida elected mayor.^[26]
• 2021
  • • • January: Snowstorm January: Explosion

Evolution of the Madrid map

21st century

See also

• List of mayors of Madrid
• History of Madrid
• Madrid capital

Bibliography

in English

Published in the 18th-19th century

• • • Book: William Blackwood . 1830 . Edinburgh . Edinburgh Encyclopædia . David Brewster. Madrid . https://books.google.com/books?id=h6miHpDMjXEC&pg=PA240 . Edinburgh Encyclopædia .

Published in the 20th century

• • • Book: Catholic Encyclopedia . Madrid-Alcala . https://books.google.com/books?id=EFQmf0E7N_EC&pg=PA516 . New York . 1910 . Catholic Encyclopedia . Herbermann . Charles George .
• Madrid (city) . 17 . 292 - 295 . 1910 . . 1.
  • Book: . Seeing Europe with Famous Authors . 1914. Funk & Wagnalls Company . Madrid . Spain and Portugal . 9 . Hathi Trust . 2027/nyp.33433006214559 .
  • Book: Trudy Ring . Southern Europe . International Dictionary of Historic Places . 3 . 1996 . Fitzroy Dearborn . 31045650 . Madrid .

Published in the 21st century

• Book: Anton Kreukels. Metropolitan Governance and Spatial Planning: Comparative Case Studies of European City-Regions . 2005. Routledge. 978-1-134-49606-8 . Madrid . https://books.google.com/books?id=R3mBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA359 . J. Maldonado . etal.
• Book: David Gilmour . Cities of Spain . 2012. Random House. 978-1-4481-3833-3 . Madrid .

in other languages

• Book: . es . Castilla la Nueva . 1853 . 1 . Madrid . 2027/ucm.5325879622 .
  • • v.4
• Book: Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon . Leipzig . Brockhaus . 1908 . 14th . de . Madrid . https://books.google.com/books?id=PiVLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA441 . Brockhaus Enzyklopädie .

External links

• Web site: Madrid, ville considérable de la nouvelle Castille, séjour ordinaire des Roys d'Espagne . 1702 . Nicolas de Fer . (Map of Madrid)
• Map of Madrid, 1943
• Europeana. Items related to Madrid, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Madrid, various dates

Notes and References

1. Book: Henri Bouchot . H. Grevel . The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. 1890. H. Grevel & Co. . https://books.google.com/books?id=5ycxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA367 . Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established . Henri Bouchot .
2. Book: Exequies and Funeral of Isabel de Borbon, Queen of Spain, at the Real Convento de San Geronimo, Madrid . British Library . Treasures in Full: Renaissance Festival Books . 30 November 2014 .
3. Book: . Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music . 2005. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-79273-8 . Chronology . Stephen Rose . https://books.google.com/books?id=mHJvKVq0vXoC&pg=PA533 .
4. Web site: Garden Search: Spain . . London . 30 June 2015 .
5. Book: Gordon Campbell . Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts . 2006 . Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-518948-3 .
6. Book: International Encyclopedia of the Stock Market. 1999. Fitzroy Dearborn. 978-1-884964-35-0 . Kingdom of Spain . https://books.google.com/books?id=snJ9TyipILQC&pg=PA972 .
7. Book: David H. Stam . International Dictionary of Library Histories . 2001. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. Chicago . 1579582443 .
8. Web site: Naval Museum: Historia . Armada Española . August 11, 2012.
9. Book: Vernon N. Kisling. Zoo and Aquarium History. 2000. . USA . 978-1-4200-3924-5 . Zoos and Aquariums of the World (chronological list) . https://books.google.com/books?id=dxTrR5nOE0UC&pg=PA369 .
10. Web site: Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Spain . Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) . Norway . 30 June 2015 .
11. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . 1910 . London . Macmillan and Co.. Spain . 2027/njp.32101072368408 . Statesman's Year-Book .
12. Book: Francisco J. Romero Salvadó. Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War. 2013. . 978-0-8108-5784-1 . Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=wsE7Nm9-yDEC&pg=PR21.
13. Web site: Alterations to the municipalities in the Population Censuses since 1842: Madrid . 30 November 2014 . .
14. Web site: Movie Theaters in Madrid . CinemaTreasures.org . Cinema Treasures LLC . Los Angeles . 30 June 2015 .
15. Book: Tom Dunmore. Historical Dictionary of Soccer. 2011. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-7188-5.
16. Web site: . Madrid . https://web.archive.org/web/20071224033046/http://www.archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=2374 . dead . 2007-12-24 .
17. Web site: Timeline . BBC News . Spain Profile . July 27, 2013 .
18. Web site: Historia . Museo del Traje. Centro de Investigación del Patrimonio Etnológico . Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte . Madrid . August 11, 2012 . es .
19. Book: Angel Smith. Historical Dictionary of Spain . 2009 . 2nd . . 978-0-8108-6267-8 . Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=IFuxO9NO-voC&pg=PR17 .
20. Web site: Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants . Demographic Yearbook 2011 . 2012 . .
21. Web site: In Madrid's Heart, Park Blooms Where a Freeway Once Blighted . M. Kimmelman . December 26, 2011 . New York Times . August 11, 2012.
22. Web site: Madrid Rio: Highway Tunnel Project . 29 December 2011 . Walking Bostonian . Blogspot .
23. Web site: Spanish mayors . London . City Mayors.com . . 29 April 2013.
24. Book: Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year . 2013. Encyclopaedia Britannica . 978-1-62513-103-4.
25. Web site: Reuters . November 14, 2012 . Anti-austerity strikes sweep southern Europe . November 14, 2012 .
26. News: Rodríguez-Pina . Gloria . Mateo . Juan José . 2019-06-15 . El PP recupera Madrid y promete acabar con la herencia de Carmena . es . El País . 2023-03-14 . 1134-6582.