Timeline of Maastricht explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Maastricht, Netherlands.

Roman Period

• circa 10 BC - Construction of Roman main road from Cologne to the coast ().
• 1st half of 1st century AD - built; gradual development of settlement on both sides of the river Meuse.
• ca. 150 - Construction of Roman baths and walled sanctuary (with a 9-meter sculpted Jupiter column).
• ca. 270 - Destruction of Roman Maastricht by invading Germanic tribes.
• 333 - Roman (fortress) built.
• 384 - Death of Saint Servatius in Maastricht (traditional); establishment of Roman Catholic Diocese of Maastricht (uncertain; this may have happened in the 6th c. only).^[1]

Middle Ages

• ca. 570 - Bishop Monulph builds a large stone church on the grave of Saint Servatius.
• ca. 590-670 - At least twelve royal mint masters active in Maastricht.
• 595 - Childebert II in Maastricht.
• 667-670 - Childeric II in Maastricht.
• 690-695 - Clovis IV in Maastricht.
• ca. 700 - Murder of Lambert of Maastricht.
• 720 - Seat of the Maastricht diocese moved to Liège (traditional date; this may have happened later in the 8th/9th c.).
• late 8th/early 9th c. - Alcuin and Einhard (lay) abbots of Saint Servatius.
• 881 - by Vikings.^[2]
• 1001 - Reburial of Charles, Duke of Lower Lorraine in the crypt of the church of Saint Servatius.
• 11th/12th c. - at its apogee; at least five successive provosts were chancellors of the Holy Roman Empire; collegiate churches of Saint Servatius and Our Lady renewed.
• 1204 - by Hugues de Pierrepont, prince-bishop of Liège, and Louis II, Count of Loon; established between Liège and Brabant.
• 1229 - Duke of Brabant gives permission to replace the (partly?) earthen defence works by a stone city wall.
• 1230 - Order of St Mary Magdalene ("white nuns") establish monastery in Maastricht (until 1796).
• 1234 - Franciscans establish a monastery in Maastricht (throughout the ages around existed in Maastricht, including Third Order monasteries).
• ca. 1240 - Hospital Brothers of St. Anthony establish monastery ('commandry') in Maastricht (until 1783).
• ca. 1250 - Dominicans and Augustinians establish monasteries in Maastricht (until 1796).
• 1251 - First mention of beguinage, later turned into several monasteries of Third Order Franciscan nuns and friars.
• 1275 - Roman bridge collapses during a procession; many drowned.
• 1280-98 - Sint Servaasbrug (bridge) built.
• 1282 - Teutonic Order establish a commandry in Maastricht (until 1796).
• mid-14th century - second Medieval city wall built, enlarging the city surface by 400%.
• 1376 - first mention of, first a beguinage, later a monastery of Third Order Franciscan nuns.
• 1391 - First recorded instance of the seven-yearly Pilgrimage of the Relics.
• 1407/08 - by Liège rebels.
• 1438 - Crosier Monastery, Maastricht established (until 1796)
• ca. 1470 - Dinghuis courthouse built.
• 1476 - established, monastery of Third Order Franciscan nuns.

16th–18th century

• 1535 - Fifteen anabaptists burned in Vrijthof.
• 1551 - Jacob Bathen starts printing and publishing business.^[3]
• 1566 - Beeldenstorm in Maastricht; several churches looted by fanatic Protestants.
• 1570 - Jesuits establish a monastery and a college (1575).
• 1576 - by Spanish troops and German mercenaries.
• 1579 - Siege of Maastricht (1579) by Spanish forces, followed by three-day sack; all Protestants killed or expelled.
• 1632 - Capture of Maastricht by Dutch forces;^[4] equal rights for Protestants and Catholics; several churches ceded to Protestants.
• 1638 - : 22 traitors accused of helping the Spanish in recapturing the city; nine are executed.
• 1662 - Municipal library founded.^[5]
• 1673 - Siege of Maastricht (1673) by French forces.
• 1678 - Peace of Nijmegen: French vacate the city; Dutch in power.
• 1683 - Maastricht City Hall completed, designed by Pieter Post. Sint Servaasbrug (bridge) partly re-built.
• 1748 - Siege of Maastricht (1748) by French forces; occupation lasted only a few months. Large scale model of the city and its fortifications built by the French (now in the Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille).
• 1789 - theatre opens.
• 1793 - Siege of Maastricht (1793) by French forces (failed).
• 1794 - by French forces.
• 1795 - Maastricht becomes capital of the French Meuse-Inférieure département as part of the French First Republic, later First French Empire (until 1814).
• 1796 - Suppression of the monasteries and religious chapters in Maastricht; parish churches remain open if priests take the, which many refuse. Many art treasures, libraries and archives destroyed or looted.

19th century

• 1805 - (now a theater) built in Vrijthof.
• 1811 - established (including).
• 1815 - Maastricht becomes capital of the Province of Limburg, as part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
• 1822 - Société des Amis des Sciences, Lettres et Arts founded (precursor of Limburg Historical and Antiquarian Society; see 1929).
• 1824 - Population: 20,271.^[6]
• 1826 - Zuid-Willemsvaart (canal), including (port) opened.
• 1834 - manufacturer of glass and pottery in business.^[7]
• 1837 - in use.
• 1838 - demolished.
• 1840 - built.^[8]
• 1850 - dug, parallel to Meuse. Many buildings on the riverside demolished, including
• 1851 - French-language newspaper begins publication.
• 1853 - begins operating.^[9]
• 1859 - rebuilt.
• 1861 - Liège–Maastricht railway begins operating.
• 1863 - manufactory in business.
• 1865 - Maastricht–Venlo railway begins operating.
• 1866 - Population: 28,495.^[10]
• 1867 - Maastricht taken off list of fortified cities. Medieval city wall and ring of outer fortifications largely dismantled between 1867 and circa 1920.
• 1877 - Population: 29,083.
• 1881 - Limburg State Archives headquartered in former .^[11]
• 1884 - Bonnefantenmuseum established (as a museum of archaeology and local history).
• 1886 - Courrier du Limbourg newspaper begins publication.^[12]

20th century

• 1902 - MVV Maastricht football club formed.
• 1904 - Population: 36,146.
• 1912 - Maastricht Natural History Museum founded.
• 1915 - Maastricht railway station opens (current station; it had several predecessors).
• 1916 - Saint Lambert Church built in Neo-Byzantine style.
• 1919 - Population: 41,305.^[13]
• 1920 - Annexation of Sint Pieter and Oud-Vroenhoven, as well as parts of Borgharen, Meerssen, Amby, Heer and Gronsveld. The area of the municipality of Maastricht increases from 4.15 km² to 35 km². Its population increases to 54,268.
• 1926 - Eerste Nederlandse Cement Industrie factory begins operating; large section of Mount Saint Peter becomes limestone quarry.
• 1929 - established.
• 1932 - built.
• 1935 - Juliana Canal opened.

• 1940, 10 May - Battle of Maastricht; German occupation begins.
• 1942 - Most of Maastricht's more than 500 Jews deported and killed in German concentration and extermination camps.
• 1944, 13/14 September - : US troops of 30th Infantry Division ("Old Hickory") liberate the city.
• 1944/45 - Maastricht serves as 'rest center' for allied forces. Maastricht Aachen Airport begins operating.
• 1944, 7 December - Maastricht Meeting. Allied commanders Omar Bradley, Arthur Tedder, Dwight Eisenhower, Bernard Montgomery and William Hood Simpson meet in Maastricht to discuss further strategy.
• 1948 - Jan Van Eyck Academie established.
• 1950 - Maastricht Academy of Dramatic Arts established.
• 1959 - Maastricht Institute of Arts active.
• 1960 - Population: 90,202.
• 1961 - De Geusselt stadium built.
• 1962 - Maastricht Academy of Music established.
• 1968 - opens.^[14]
• 1970 - Annexation of Borgharen, Itteren, Amby and Heer, as well as parts of Meerssen, Bemelen and Gronsveld. The area of the municipality of Maastricht increases from 35 km² to 59 km² and its population from 93,500 to 112,500.
• 1973 - Museum aan het Vrijthof established.
• 1975 - The European Fine Art Fair (TEFAF) starts as Pictura Fine Art Fair in Eurohal Exhibition Centre.
• 1976 - Maastricht University opens.^[15]
• 1981 - First European Council in Maastricht.
• 1987 - Maastricht Randwyck railway station and Lumiere Cinema^[16] open.
• 1988 - TEFAF moves to MECC Maastricht; (Roman excavation site) opens.
• 1990 - Population: 117,008.
• 1991 - Academic Hospital Maastricht opens. 9/10 December: Second European Council in Maastricht.
• 1992 - 7 February: Maastricht Treaty signed in city; opens.
• 1995 - Bonnefantenmuseum moves to new building by Aldo Rossi in district.
• 1999 - (library and arts centre) opens.

21st century

• 2002 - Gerd Leers becomes mayor; officially adopted as the city's anthem.
• 2003 - Hoge Brug (pedestrian bridge) opens.
• 2005 - (HCL) created through merger of national and city archives.http://www.rhcl.nl/nl/organisatie/rhcl/algemeen/
• 2006 - shopping mall rebuilt; Bookshop in adjacent .
• 2010 - Onno Hoes becomes first openly gay mayor of Maastricht.
• 2013 - Maastricht Noord railway station opens.
• 2014 - Population: 121,906 municipality; 182,721 metro.
• 2015 - Annemarie Penn-te Strake becomes first female mayor of Maastricht.
• 2016 - officially opened.

See also

• Maastricht history
  • List of mayors of Maastricht
  • Other names of Maastricht
• Timelines of other municipalities in the Netherlands: Amsterdam, Breda, Delft, Eindhoven, Groningen, Haarlem, The Hague, 's-Hertogenbosch, Leiden, Nijmegen, Rotterdam, Utrecht

References

This article incorporates information from the Dutch Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

published in the 18th-19th century

• • • Book: Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium. Paris. A. and W. Galignani. 1822. 4th. Maestricht. 2027/njp.32101073846667?urlappend=%3Bseq=306. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101073846667?urlappend=%3Bseq=306.
• Book: William Henry Overall. William Henry Overall. Dictionary of Chronology. 1870. William Tegg. London. Maestricht. 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=550. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=550.

published in the 20th century

• Book: Chambers's Encyclopaedia. Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7zk5ms79?urlappend=%3Bseq=805. Maestricht. 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7zk5ms79?urlappend=%3Bseq=805.
  • Maastricht . 17 . 188 . 1910 . . 1.

published in the 21st century

• Book: Colum Hourihane. Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. 2012. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-539536-5. Maastricht. https://books.google.com/books?id=FtlMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA3-PA167.

in other languages

• Book: Dictionnaire géographique du Limbourg. Philippe Vandermaelen. Philippe Vandermaelen. Établissement géographique de Bruxelles. 1835. fr. Maestricht. Dictionnaires géographiques de la Belgique.4. Anvers. 2027/mdp.39015049024923?urlappend=%3Bseq=207. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015049024923?urlappend=%3Bseq=207.
• Book: Abraham Jacob van der Aa. Abraham Jacob van der Aa. Aardrijkskundig woordenboek der Nederlanden. Geographical dictionary of the Netherlands. nl. 1846. Jacobus Noorduyn. Gorinchem. HathiTrust. 7. Maastricht. 2027/mdp.39015039364008?urlappend=%3Bseq=555. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015039364008?urlappend=%3Bseq=555.
• Book: Catalogus der Stadsbibliotheek van Maastricht. Auguste Jean Flament. J. Germain & cie. Maastricht. 1888. nl. .
  • Book: G. van Herwijnen. Bibliografie van de stedengeschiedenis van Nederland. Bibliography of Urban History in the Netherlands. 1978. Brill. nl. 90-04-05700-5. Limburg: Maastricht. https://books.google.com/books?id=FNYUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA312.
• Book: Marina Kessels-van der Heijde. Maastricht, Maestricht, Mestreech: de taalverhoudingen tussen Nederlands, Frans en Maastrichts in de negentiende eeuw. 2002. Uitgeverij Verloren. Hilversum. nl. 90-6550-713-2. .
• Book: Historische encyclopedie Maastricht. P. Ubachs . I. Evers . amp . Walburg Pers. Zutphen. 2005. nl. 90-5730-399-X.
• Book: 20 eeuwen Maastricht. Caspar Cillekens . Wim Dijkman . amp . BnM. Nijmegen. 2006. nl.
• Book: Tweeduizend jaar Maastricht: een stadsgeschiedenis. P. Ubachs . I. Evers . amp . Walburg Pers. Zutphen. 2006. nl. 90-5730-441-4.

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Maastricht, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Maastricht, various dates

Notes and References

1. Web site: Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: The Netherlands . . Norway . 30 October 2015 .
2. Book: Adriaan Verhulst .

   nl:Adriaan Verhulst

   . The Rise of Cities in North-West Europe. 1999. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-46909-8.
3. Book: P. J. H. Ubachs. Handboek voor de geschiedenis van Limburg . Handbook of the history of Limburg . 2000. Uitgeverij Verloren. 90-6550-097-9 . nl .
4. Book: Myron P. Gutmann . War and Rural Life in the Early Modern Low Countries. 1980. Princeton University Press. 978-1-4008-5529-2 . Chronology of Military and Political Events in the Basse-Meuse (1620-) . https://books.google.com/books?id=l8T_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA211 .
5. . 1998 . 24 . Libraries in the Netherlands . Paul Schneiders . International Federation of Library Associations .
6. Book: Annuaire de la province de Limbourg ... 1825 . Société des Amis des Sciences, Lettres et Arts . fr . L. Th. Nypels . Maastricht .
7. Book: Joop W. Koopmans. Arend H. Huussen Jr.. Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands. 2007 . 2nd . . 978-0-8108-6444-3 .
8. Web site: Maastricht . Four Hundred Years of Dutch Jewry . . Amsterdam . 30 October 2015 .
9. Book: Beknopt overzicht van de nederlandse sppor en tramwegbedrijven . Brief overview of Dutch railway and tramway companies . Brill . nl . J.W. Sluiter . 1967.
10. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . Statesman's Year-Book . 1869 . London . Macmillan and Co.. Netherlands . 2027/nyp.33433081590337?urlappend=%3Bseq=392 . http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081590337?urlappend=%3Bseq=392 . Hunter . Brian . Paxton . John . Steinberg . S. H. . Epstein . Mortimer . Renwick . Isaac Parker Anderson . Keltie . John Scott . Martin . Frederick .
11. Web site: Historie Minderbroederskerk . nl . Regionaal Historisch Centrum Limburg . 30 October 2015 .
12. Book: Jan van de Plasse . Kroniek van de Nederlandse dagblad- en opiniepers . 2005. Otto Cramwinckel . 978-90-75727-77-7 . nl . (timeline)
13. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . Statesman's Year-Book . 1921 . London . Macmillan and Co.. Netherlands . 2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1150 . http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1150 . HathiTrust .
14. Web site: Bruggen database: Limburg: Maastricht . Database of Bridges . Nederlandse Bruggenstichting . . nl . 30 October 2015 .
15. Book: Walter Rüegg .

    de:Walter Rüegg

    . History of the University in Europe . 4 . Universities Since 1945 . 2011. Cambridge University Press. 978-1-139-49425-0 . Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995 . https://books.google.com/books?id=VCKRv1GiFqEC&pg=PA575 .
16. Web site: Movie Theaters in Maastricht, Netherlands . CinemaTreasures.org . Cinema Treasures LLC . Los Angeles . 30 October 2015 .