Timeline of Leipzig explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the German city of Leipzig.

Prior to 18th century

• 920 AD - Emperor Henry the Fowler "built a castle here about 920."
• 1015 - Leipzig is mentioned in Thietmar's chronicle as Urbs Lipzi.^[1]
• 1082 - Leipzig sacked by forces of Vratislaus II of Bohemia.
• 1134 - Leipzig "came into the possession of Conrad, Margrave of Meissen".
• 1165
  • Leipzig granted market and city privileges.
  • St. Nicholas Church built (approximate date).
• 1170 - Easter and Michaelmas fairs begin (approximate date).
• 1212 - Thomasschule zu Leipzig and Thomanerchor founded.
• 1231 - Klosterkirche St. Pauli built.
• 1409 - University of Leipzig founded.
• 1420 - Fire.
• 1458 - New year's fair begins, see also: Leipzig Christmas Market.
• 1479 - Printing press in operation.^[2]
• 1485 - Treaty of Leipzig.
• 1496 - St. Thomas Church consecrated.
• 1519 - June: Martin Luther and Andreas Karlstadt debate John Eck.
• 1530 - Auerbachs Keller built (approximate date).
• 1539 - "Leipsic formally espoused the Protestant cause."
• 1542 - Leipzig Botanical Garden first established.
• 1543 - Leipzig University Library established.
• 1547
  • City besieged by John Frederick I of Saxony.
  • Pleissenburg re-built, replaced in 1905 by the New Town Hall.
• 1554 - Moritzbastei constructed.
• 1555 - Alte Waage built.^[3]
• 1556 - Old City Hall built.

• 1631
  • 1 September: Purchase of the Rosental.^[4]
  • September: Battle of Breitenfeld (1631).
• 1642 - Battle of Breitenfeld (1642).
• 1650 - Einkommende Zeitungen (newspaper) begins publication.
• 1680 - Plague.
• 1681 - Weidmannsche Buchhandlung relocates to Leipzig.
• 1687 - Alte Handelsbörse (trade exchange) built, see also Leipzig merchant bourgeoisie.
• 1693 - Opera house opens.^[5]
• 1699 - Population: 15,653.

18th century

• 1701 - Oil-fuelled street lighting introduced.
• 1702 - Collegium Musicum founded.
• 1704 - Romanus House built.
• 1705 - Former mayor Franz Conrad Romanus arrested.^[6]
• 1706 - Polish Preaching Society established.^[7]
• 1710 - King Augustus II the Strong first presented Meissen porcelain at the local fair.^[8]
• 1716 - Sorbian Lusatian Preaching Society established.^[7]
• 1717 - What became Schillerhaus first built.
• 1723
  • Breitkopf publishing established.
    • Johann Sebastian Bach begins as Kapellmeister (music director) at St. Thomas Church 1724 - Premiere performance of Bach's St John Passion.
• 1729 - Premiere of Bach's St Matthew Passion.
• 1731 - Zedler's Universal-Lexicon encyclopedia published.^[9]
• 1745 - City "taken by the Prussians."
• 1750
  • • • Death of Johann Sebastian Bach Kapellmeister of St. Thomas Church Barthels Hof built.^[10]
• 1755 - (municipal library) opens.^[11]
• 1756
  • Gohlis Palace (Gohliser Schlößchen) built.^[12]
  • City occupied by Prussian forces during the Seven Years' War.
• 1759
  • August: "Prussians withdraw from Leipzig."^[13]
  • September: "Prussians recapture Leipzig."
• 1760 - October: "Prussians withdraw from Leipzig."
• 1764 - Academy of Visual Arts and ^[14] founded.

• 1766 - Theater auf der Rannischen Bastei opens.^[15]
• 1768 - founded by Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski.
• 1777 - April: Premiere of Klinger's play Sturm und Drang.
• 1781
  • Gewandhaus built.
  • Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra formed.
• 1784
  • City fortifications dismantled. Step by step the Promenadenring is created.^[16]
  • Philological Society founded.
• 1785 - Augustusplatz laid out.
• 1789 - Linnean Society founded.
• 1790 - Observatory set up in Pleissenburg.
• 1797 - Population: 31,847.
• 1798
  • Tauchnitz publishers established.
  • Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (music magazine) begins publication.

19th century

• 1800 - Edition Peters and Leipzig Singakademie (chorus)^[17] established.
• 1801 - Population: 31,887.
• 1807
  • Friedrich Hofmeister Musikverlag (publisher) founded.
  • (newspaper) begins publication.
• 1810 - Westermann Verlag founded.

• 1813
  • 22 May: Richard Wagner born.
  • October: Battle of Leipzig.
• 1824
  • Abolition of the Torgroschen (Gate penny) at the Leipzig City Gates.^[18]
  • Execution of Johann Christian Woyzeck as the last one on the Markt.
• 1825 - formed.
• 1826
  • Consulate of the United States established.^[19]
  • Wool market active.
• 1828
  • Reclam Verlag established.
  • founded.^[20]
• 1829 - Medical Society founded.
• 1830 - "Political disturbance."
• 1831
  • November: Establishment of a committee to help Polish insurgents fleeing the Russian Partition of Poland after the unsuccessful Polish November Uprising. Collection of funds to help Poles, mainly among guilds and city guards.^[21]
  • Flight of Polish insurgents from the Russian Partition of Poland to the Great Emigration through the city begins.^[22]
• 1832
  • January: Mass escape of Polish insurgents from the Russian Partition of Poland through the city.^[22]
  • January: Polish national hero Józef Bem expelled from the city by authorities fearful of stirring up a revolution.^[23]
  • July: The committee to help Poles officially closed, although its members continued their activities in the following years.^[24]
• 1833 - Accession to the Zollverein.
• 1835 - Felix Mendelssohn becomes music director of Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra.
• 1836 - Augusteum built.
• 1837 - (art association) established.

• 1839 - Leipzig–Dresden railway opened.
• 1842 - Leipzig Bayerischer Bahnhof built.
• 1843
  • Illustrirte Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
  • Conservatory of Music founded.
  • erected.
• 1844 - Museum of Antiquities of Leipzig University on display.
• 1846
  • 1 July: Saxonian Academy of Sciences and Humanities founded.
  • 29 August: Hôtel de Pologne fire.^[20]
• 1848
  • "Museum of Fine Arts" founded.
  • Hôtel de Pologne rebuilt as the city's largest hotel.^[20]
  • "Political disturbance."
• 1850 - Bach Gesellschaft organized.
• 1853 - Blüthner piano manufacturer in business.^[25]
• 1855 - Leipzig synagogue built on Gottschedstrasse.
• 1856 - Händel-Gesellschaft organized.
• 1858 - Municipal museum inaugurated.
• 1861 - Population: 78,495.^[26]
• 1863
  • Johannapark created.^[27]
  • General German Workers' Association founded in Leipzig.
• 1864
  • 25 June: First section of the Karl Heine Canal inaugurated.^[28]
  • Schrebergärten (community garden) association formed.^[29]
• 1866 - Austro-Prussian War leads to Prussian occupation in 1866–67.
• 1868 - Opera house built.
• 1869
  • Leipzig Museum of Ethnography founded.
  • Leipzig Alpine Club founded.^[30]
• 1872
  • Harrassowitz publishing firm established.
  • Verlag Karl Baedeker relocates to Leipzig.
  • Trams in Leipzig start.
• 1874
  • Museum of Arts and Crafts founded.
  • Ernst Eulenburg (musical editions)^[31] established.
  • Bibliographisches Institut relocates to Leipzig.
• 1878
  • Leipzig Zoo opens.^[32]
  • "Leipzig is growing into an industrial town of the first rank."
• 1879
  • Reichsgericht headquartered in Leipzig.
  • Südfriedhof established.
• 1880 - Population: 149,081.

• 1884 - Leipziger Baumwollspinnerei founded.
• 1885
  • June: Anglican All Saints' Church consecrated.^[33]
• 1886
  • Georg Thieme Verlag established.
  • and (stock exchange) built.
• 1889 - and become part of city.
• 1890
  • Eutritzsch, Gohlis, Neureudnitz, Neuschönefeld, Neustadt, Sellerhausen, Thonberg, and Volkmarsdorf become part of city.
  • Population: 295,025.
• 1891
  • Leipzig University Library opens in relocation.
  • Connewitz,, Lindenau,,, and Schleußig become part of city.
• 1892
  • becomes part of city.
  • SSV Stötteritz football club founded.
  • Mendelssohn monument erected.

• 1894 - Leipziger Volkszeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
• 1895
  • Reichsgericht (supreme court) established.
  • built.
  • Muster-Messe fair begins.
  • Population: 399,995.
• 1897 - Sächsisch-Thüringische Industrie- und Gewerbeausstellung (Litt.: Saxon-Thuringian industrial and commercial exhibition) in Leipzig.
• 1898 - Handelshochschule Leipzig founded.
• 1900 - Population: 456,156.

20th century

See also: History of Leipzig from 1933-1939.

• 1901
  • Städtisches Kaufhaus built.
  • (publisher) in business.
• 1904
  • Bachfest begins.
  • Leipzig Wildlife Park (Wildpark Leipzig) founded.^[34]
• 1905
  • Reudnitz, Volkmarsdorf, Gohlis, Eutritzsch, Plagwitz and Lindenau were incorporated with the city.
  • New Town Hall opens. The Old Town Hall is going to house the Museum of the History of the City of Leipzig.
  • Population: 503,672.
• 1906
  • Naturkundemuseum Leipzig established.^[35]
  • Leipzig Prison built.
• 1907 - Edeka founded at Hôtel de Pologne.^[20]
• 1908 - Rowohlt Verlag founded.
• 1912 - German National Library established.
• 1913
  • Kurt Wolff Verlag (publisher) in business.
  • Monument to the Battle of the Nations erected.
  • 19 October: "Deutsche Lebens-Rettungs-Gesellschaft (DLRG)" (German Life Saving Association) founded in Leipzig.
• 1914 - Mädler Arcade Gallery built.^[36]
• 1915
  • Leipzig Hauptbahnhof and Alfred-Kunze-Sportpark open.
  • and Schönefeld become part of city.
• 1916
  • German National Library building opened.
  • Institute for Newspaper Research (Institut für Zeitungskunde) was founded at the University of Leipzig^[37]
• 1917
  • January: Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe (city transport company) formed.
  • February: American Consulate closed. Its building became a temporary residence for Americans and Allied refugees from Serbia, Romania and Japan.^[19]
  • Hôtel de Pologne closed.^[20]
• 1918

• • becomes mayor.
  • Zeppelin Bridge completed.
• 1919
  • Church Music Institute founded.
  • begins publication.
  • Population: 604,397.^[38]
• 1920 - First technical trade fair on the Alte Messe site.^[39]
• 1921
  • Leipzig War Crimes Trials held.
  • December: American Consulate reopened.^[19]
• 1922
  • , Leutzsch,, and become part of city.
  • Bruno-Plache-Stadion opens.
  • Goldmann (publisher) founded.
• 1923
  • 1 January: Consulate of Poland opened.^[40]
  • MDR Symphony Orchestra founded.
• 1927 - Leipzig/Halle Airport opened.
• 1928
  • 1 August: Opening of the Kroch High-rise.^[41]
  • Specks Hof completed.^[42]
• 1929 - Museum of Musical Instruments of the University of Leipzig opens.
• 1930
  • 1 January: Europahaus as the second high rise of Leipzig opened.^[43]
  • Rundling^[44] and Krochsiedlung built.
  • Abtnaundorf, Knautkleeberg, Schönau, and Thekla become part of city.
• 1933 - Population: 713,470.
• 1935 - becomes part of city.
• 1936 - and become part of city.

• 1938
  • Expulsion of Polish Jews by Nazi Germany. 1,300 Polish Jews sheltered in the Polish Consulate and saved from deportation.^[45]
  • 9-10 November: Kristallnacht in Leipzig^[46]
• 1939
  • Leipzig Meuten dissolved by the Gestapo.^[47]
  • September: Mass arrests of local Polish activists (see also Nazi crimes against the Polish nation).^[48]
  • September: Polish Consulate seized by Germany during the invasion of Poland at the start of World War II. Confiscation of the Polish Consulate's library.^[45]
• 1941 - German-ordered closure of the American Consulate.^[19]
• 1942 - 23 June: Leipzig L-IV experiment accident is the first nuclear accident in history.^[49]
• 1943
  • 6 March: Leipzig-Thekla subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Over 1,800 men, mostly Soviet, Polish, French, Belgian and Czechoslovak, were held there as slave labour.^[50]
  • December: Bombing of city by British.
• 1944
  • Bombing.
  • 11 May: Leipzig-Engelsdorf subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Over 250 men, mostly Polish, Russian, Czech and Ukrainian, were held there.^[51]
  • 9 June: HASAG Leipzig subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Over 5,000 women and children, mostly Polish, Soviet, French and Jewish, were held there.^[52]
  • 22 August: Leipzig-Schönau subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Over 500 Jewish women were held there.^[53]
  • 15 November: Subcamp of Buchenwald for men established at the HASAG factory. Around 700 men, mostly Jewish, French and Italian, were held there.^[54]
  • 24 November: Leipzig-Engelsdorf subcamp dissolved. Prisoners deported to Wansleben am See and Rothenburg.^[51]

• 1945
  • 17 February: 600 prisoners brought to the Leipzig-Thekla subcamp from a subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp in Jasień.^[50]
  • 13 April: Leipzig-Thekla, Leipzig-Schönau and both HASAG subcamps dissolved. Most prisoners sent on death marches.^{[52] [54] [50] [53]}
  • 18 April: Abtnaundorf massacre. Prisoners of the Leipzig-Thekla subcamp who were ill or unable to march, mostly Poles and Soviets, were massacred by the Gestapo, SS, Volkssturm and German civilians. Some prisoners were saved by Polish prisoners of another camp.^{[50] [55]}
  • 19 April: City captured by American troops. The Capa House is the place of The Picture of the Last Man to Die.^[56]
  • July: City under Soviet control.
  • Population: 584,593.
• 1948
  • First exhibition on the Agra site.^[57]
• 1950
  • International Johann Sebastian Bach Competition begins.
  • Bach-Archiv founded.
  • Population: 617,574.
• 1951 - becomes mayor.
• 1953 - Theaterhochschule Leipzig established, later named after Hans Otto
• 1954
  • (archives) founded.
  • Zentralstadion built.
• 1955

• • 1 May: Several historic parks united in the Kulturpark Clara Zetkin.^[58]
  • Festival of Cultural and Documentary Films begins.
• 1956 - Zentralstadion opens.
• 1959 - becomes mayor.
• 1960
  • Opera house built.
  • Chess Olympiad held.
  • Population: 589,632.
• 1965
  • 31 October: Leipzig Beat Revolt on Wilhelm-Leuschner-Platz.^[59]
• 1968
  • 30 May: Paulinerkirche dynamited.^[60]
• 1969
  • 6 February: Polish Institute founded.^[61]
  • Leipzig-Halle S-Bahn established.
• 1970 - becomes mayor.

• 1972
  • Polish Consulate reopened.
  • City-Hochhaus Leipzig built.
  • Wintergartenhochhaus completed.^[62]
• 1974 - Moritzbastei rebuilt.
• 1976 - Construction of Grünau begins.^[63]
• 1977 - Sportmuseum founded.^[64]
• 1981 - 13 March: Hotel Merkur opened.^[65]
• 1983 - erected.
• 1988 - Memorial to Jewish Citizens erected.^[66]
• 1989 - Monday demonstrations.
• 1990
  • (art association) founded.
  • Hinrich Lehmann-Grube becomes mayor.
• 1991

• • Euro-scene Leipzig theatre festival begins.
  • Mendelssohn House, Leipzig opens.
• 1992
  • Technischen Hochschule founded.
  • Wave-Gotik-Treffen begins.
  • Leipzig-Altenburg Airport opens.
  • American Consulate reopened.^[19]
• 1993 - Hartmannsdorf becomes part of city.
• 1994 - Museum of Antiquities of the University of Leipzig opens.
• 1995
  • Lausen and Plaussig become part of city.
  • Population: 471,409.
• 1996
  • New site of Leipzig Trade Fair opens.
  • Saxonia International Balloon Fiesta begins.
• 1997
  • ,, and Seehausen become part of city.
  • (city utility company) established.
  • Federal Administrative Court of Germany headquartered in Leipzig.
• 1998
  • 16 May: Galerie für Zeitgenössische Kunst in own building opened.
  • Podelwitz-Süd becomes part of city.
  • Wolfgang Tiefensee becomes mayor.
• 1999
  • Böhlitz-Ehrenberg, Engelsdorf, Holzhausen, Liebertwolkwitz, Lindenthal, Miltitz and Mölkau become part of city.
  • 20 March: Grünauer Welle opened.^[67]
  • Column in the St. Nicholas Church Square erected as memorial to the Peaceful Revolution ten years ago.^[68]

21st century

• 2000 - Burghausen und Rückmarsdorf become part of city.
• 2002
  • Arena Leipzig built.
  • Games Convention begins.
• 2004
  • Leipziger Internet Zeitung begins publication.
  • Museum der bildenden Künste opens in new building.
  • Leipzig Botanical Garden renovated.
  • Leipzig is the German candidate city for the 2012 Summer Olympics
• 2005
  • Art galleries open in Leipziger Baumwollspinnerei.^[69]
  • BMW Central Building constructed.
  • City hosts the 2005 World Fencing Championships.
  • Population: 502,651.

• 2006
  • Amazon.com distribution centre begins operating.
  • Burkhard Jung becomes mayor.
  • Leipzig hosts 2006 FIFA World Cup. Replacement of the Zentralstadion (1956) by a new stadium, since 2010 named Red Bull Arena (Leipzig).
• 2007
  • Paulinum reconstruction begins.
  • July: City hosts the 2007 World Archery Championships.
• 2010
  • (museum) active.
  • German Music Archive relocates to Leipzig.
• 2012
  • 25 September: Höfe am Brühl opened.^[70]
  • reported.
• 2013
  • 22 May: Inauguration of Richard Wagner Memorial.^[71]
  • New Propsteikirche begins construction.
  • Leipzig City Tunnel opened.
  • Leipzig is the most livable German city.^[72]
• 2014 - Population: 551,871.

• 2015
  • 12 January: Demonstration of the Leipzig branch of Pegida and counterdemonstration with much more participants.^[73]
  • Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway opened.
• 2017
  • 9 January: Last demonstration of the Leipzig branch of Pegida, only 400 participants.^[74]
  • July: City hosts the 2017 World Fencing Championships.
  • 3 December: Paulinum opening.
  • December: City co-hosts the 2017 World Women's Handball Championship.
  • Population: 590.337^[75]
• 2018 - Leipzig wins the European Cities of Future prize in the category of "Best Large City for Human Capital & Lifestyle"^[76]
• 2019 - Leipzig is European City of the Year^[77]
• 2020 - 7 November: Rally against anti-pandemic regulations, organized by Querdenken.
• 2021 - Parties in the expiring corona lockdown at the Sachsenbrücke.^[78]
• 2022
  • Green bike lanes pigmented on several sections of the Inner City Ring Road.
  • Population: 624.689^[75]
• 2024
  • 21 January: Demonstration of estimated 60.000 participants in the 2024 German anti-extremism protests in Leipzig.^[79]
  • Leipzig is UEFA Euro 2024 host city.

See also

• History of Leipzig
• List of mayors of Leipzig
• History of the Jews in Leipzig
• Architecture of Leipzig

Other cities in the state of Saxony:

• Timeline of Chemnitz
• Timeline of Dresden

References

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

• • • Leipsic . 14 . Muirhead . James Fullarton . James Fullarton Muirhead . 429 - 431 . 1882 . . 1.
• Book: Handbook for North Germany. J. Murray. London. 1886. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.hn1imr?urlappend=%3Bseq=318. Leipzig. 2027/hvd.hn1imr?urlappend=%3Bseq=318.
  • Book: Chambers's Encyclopaedia. London. 1901. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7zk5ms79?urlappend=%3Bseq=585. Leipzig. . Chambers's Encyclopaedia. W. & R. Chambers, Limited; J.B. Lippincott Company. 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7zk5ms79?urlappend=%3Bseq=585.
• + 1873 ed.
• Leipzig . 16 . 399 - 402 . 1910 . . 1.

in German

• Book: Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland. 1858. Leipzig. Wilhelm Engelmann. de. Leipzig. https://books.google.com/books?id=p6o6AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA630. (bibliography)
• Book: Jahrbüchlein zur Geschichte Leipzigs . de . 1863. Verlag Julius Klinkhardt . F. Th. Richter. . (includes city timeline)
• Book: Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon. Leipzig. Brockhaus. 1896. 14th. de. Leipzig. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101064064551?urlappend=%3Bseq=71. . Brockhaus Enzyklopädie. 2027/njp.32101064064551?urlappend=%3Bseq=71.
• Book: P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht. Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas . Meyer's Atlas of German Cities. 1913. Bibliographisches Institut. Leipzig. de. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009018394. Leipzig.
  • • Book: Wolfgang Adam . Siegrid Westphal. Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum. 2012. De Gruyter. 978-3-11-029555-9 . de. Leipzig. 1253–1298 . .

External links

• Web site: Stadt Geschichte . Leipzig City History . Stadt Leipzig .
• Web site: Gesamtchronik . André Loh-Kliesch . Leipzig-Lexikon .
• Links to fulltext city directories for Leipzig via Wikisource
• Europeana. Items related to Leipzig, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Leipzig, various dates

Notes and References

1. Book: Ringel, Sebastian . Leipzig! One Thousand Years of History . Author and Edition Leipzig in the Seemann Henschel GmbH & Co. KG . 2015 . 978-3-361-00710-9 . Leipzig . en . 10-11 . The Early Bird.
2. Book: Henri Bouchot . H. Grevel . London . The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. 1890. H. Grevel & Co. . https://books.google.com/books?id=5ycxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA367 . Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established . Henri Bouchot .
3. Book: Riedel, Horst . Stadtlexikon Leipzig von A bis Z . de . 3-936508-03-8 . Pro Leipzig . Leipzig . 2005 . 14.
4. Book: Ringel, Sebastian . Leipzig! One Thousand Years of History . Author and Edition Leipzig in the Seemann Henschel GmbH Co. KG . 2015 . 978-3-361-00710-9 . Leipzig . 93 . en.
5. Book: . Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music . 2005. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-79273-8 . Chronology . Stephen Rose . https://books.google.com/books?id=mHJvKVq0vXoC&pg=PA533 .
6. Web site: "wider Treu und Glauben gar gröblich gehandelt". Der 'Fall' des Leipziger Bürgermeisters Franz Conrad Romanus (1671-1746) . 2023-12-01 . kobra.uni-kassel.de . Schneider . Susanne . 2000 . de.
7. Matyniak. Alojzy S.. 1968. Kontakty kulturalne polsko-serbołużyckie w XVIII w.. Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. Wrocław. pl. XXIII. 2. 241.
8. Web site: Von Leipzig in die Welt. Europas erstes Porzellan. https://web.archive.org/web/20160605014718/http://www.stadtgeschichtliches-museum-leipzig.de/site_deutsch/ausstellungen/Porzellan.php. 5 June 2016. stadtgeschichtliches Museum Leipzig. 8 August 2022. de.
9. Book: Patrick Robertson. Robertson's Book of Firsts . 2011. Bloomsbury . 978-1-60819-738-5.
10. Book: Ringel, Sebastian . Leipzig! One Thousand Years of History . Author and Edition Leipzig in the Seemann Henschel GmbH Co. KG . 2015 . 978-3-361-00710-9 . Leipzig . 53 . en.
11. Web site: Chronik der Leipziger Städtischen Bibliotheken . Stadt Leipzig . 24 July 2012 . de .
12. https://english.leipzig.de/leisure-culture-and-tourism/tourism/leipzigs-tourist-attractions/the-gohlis-palace The Gohlis Palace (Gohliser Schlösschen)
13. Book: Franz A.J. Szabo. The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756-1763. 2013. Routledge. 978-1-317-88697-6 . Chronology of Major Events . https://books.google.com/books?id=GaUuAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA435 .
14. Web site: Chronology of Scholarly Societies . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304115228/http://www.scholarly-societies.org/chronology_soc.html . dead . 4 March 2016 . Jim Parrott . Scholarly Societies Project . . Canada .
15. Book: William Grange . Historical Dictionary of German Theater . 2006. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-6489-4 . Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=WetnNgbRXDoC&pg=PR13 . William Grange .
16. https://thetravelinggardener.com/2012/leipzigs-promenadenring-walking-the-ring-around-leipzigs-history/ Yvonne Horn, Walking the ring around Leipzig's history (2012) auf The traveling gardener.com (in English)
17. Book: Donna M. Di Grazia. Nineteenth-Century Choral Music . 2013. Routledge. 978-0-415-98852-0.
18. Book: Riedel, Horst . Entry "Stadttore" in: Stadtlexikon. Leipzig von A bis Z . Pro Leipzig . 2005 . 3-936508-03-8 . Leipzig . 567 . de . City Gates.
19. Web site: Brief history. U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Germany. 8 August 2022.
20. Web site: Hôtel de Pologne. Leipzig-Lexikon. 8 August 2022. de.
21. Willaume. Juliusz. 1957. Lipski komitet pomocy wychodźcom polskim (1831/32). Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. pl. XII, 7. 184–185.
22. Willaume, p. 186
23. Willaume, pp. 187–188
24. Willaume, p. 191
25. Book: Claude Egerton Lowe . Chronological Cyclopædia of Musicians and Musical Events . 1896. Weekes & Co. . London . Chronological Summary of the Chief Events in the History of Music . https://books.google.com/books?id=rvhBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA87 .
26. Book: Georg Friedrich Kolb . de . Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde . 1862 . Leipzig . A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung . Deutschland: Sachsen . https://books.google.com/books?id=QkBVAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA54 .
27. http://leipzig-lexikon.de/GARTPARK/JOHANNA.HTM Johannapark, entry in Leipzig-Lexikon (in German
28. Book: Ringel, Sebastian . Leipzig! One Thousand Years of History . Author and Edition Leipzig in the Seemann Henschel GmbH & Co. KG . 2015 . 978-3-361-00710-9 . Leipzig . en . 88-91 . Taming the West.
29. Book: Ursula Heinzelmann . Food Culture in Germany. 2008. Greenwood Press . 978-0-313-34495-4 . Timeline . https://books.google.com/books?id=ULLygtLOI-kC&pg=PR15 . Ursula Heinzelmann.
30. Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907 . A.J. Mackintosh . . UK . 1907 . 177 . 2027/njp.32101076197365?urlappend=%3Bseq=694 .
31. Book: . Cambridge Companion to Choral Music . . 2012 . Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-11173-7 . Choral Music in the Culture of the 19th Century . Chester L. Alwes . Music publishers of the 18th to the early 20th c. (chronological list) . https://books.google.com/books?id=b79Dc9sHDtMC&pg=PA39 . registration .
32. Book: Vernon N. Kisling. Zoo and Aquarium History. 2000. . US . 978-1-4200-3924-5 . Zoological Gardens of Germany (chronological list) . https://books.google.com/books?id=dxTrR5nOE0UC&pg=PA372 .
33. Matthias Gretzschel, Hartmut Mai: Kirchen in Leipzig, Schriften des Leipziger Geschichtsvereins N.F./Bd. 2, Sax-Verlag, Beucha 1993, pp. 32 f.
34. Web site: Verein der Freunde und Förderer des Wildparks Leipzig e.V. . 2024-08-09 . wildparkverein-leipzig.de . de . Association of the friends and sponsors of the Leipzig Wildlife Park.
35. Web site: Geschichte des Hauses . Naturkundemuseums Leipzig . 24 July 2012 . de .
36. Book: Hocquél, Wolfgang . Die Leipziger Passagen und Höfe. Architektur von europäischem Rang . Sax-Verlag . 2011 . 978-3-86729-087-6 . Markkleeberg . de . The Leipzig passages and courtyards. Architecture of European standing.
37. Tillack-Graf, Anne-Kathleen (2019), "Institute of Communication and Media Studies (University of Leipzig)". The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society. SAGE Publications.
38. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . 1921 . London . Macmillan and Co.. Germany: Area and Population: Principal Towns . http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=972 . HathiTrust . Statesman's Year-Book . 2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=972 .
39. Book: Hocquél . Wolfgang . Die Architektur der Leipziger Messe . 1994 . Verlag für das Bauwesen . Berlin . 3-345-00575-1 . 157–170 . de . Das Gelände der Technischen Messe am Völkerschlachtdenkmal.
40. Book: Chałupczak, Henryk. Kaczmarek. Ryszard. Masnyk. Marek. 2004. Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939. pl. Katowice. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. 21. Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego).
41. Book: Leonhardt, Peter . Moderne in Leipzig. Architektur und Städtebau 1918 bis 1933 . Pro Leipzig . 2007 . 978-3-936508-29-1 . Leipzig . 31-35 . de . Modernism in Leipzig. Architecture and Urbanism 1918 to 1933.
42. Book: Riedel, Horst . Stadtlexikon Leipzig von A bis Z . 3-936508-03-8 . Pro Leipzig . Leipzig . 2005 . 556f . de.
43. Book: Ringel . Sebastian . Leipzig! One Thousand Years of History . 2015 . Autor und Edition Leipzig in Seemann Henschel GmbH & Co. KG . Leipzig . 978-3-361-00710-9 . 151 . en.
44. Peter Leonhardt, Moderne in Leipzig. Architektur und Städtebau 1918 bis 1933, Pro Leipzig, Leipzig 2007, ISBN 978-3-936508-29-1, pp. 52–54, in German
45. Web site: 70 lat temu polski konsul pokrzyżował plany nazistów. dw.com. 8 August 2022. pl.
46. Web site: Kristallnacht remembered in Leipzig . 2015-10-11 . 2024-08-29 . dw.com . Brady . Kate.
47. Face of Opposition: Juvenile Resistance, High Treason and the People's Court in Nazi Germany. Geerling. Wayne. 2013-08-05. 209–234. 44. 2. Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 10.1162/JINH_a_00537. 145233583.
48. Cygański. Mirosław. 1984. Hitlerowskie prześladowania przywódców i aktywu Związków Polaków w Niemczech w latach 1939–1945. Przegląd Zachodni. pl. 4. 54.
49. Goudsmit . S. A. . November 1947 . Heisenberg on the German Uranium Project . Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists . 3 . 1 . 343ff . 10.1080/00963402.1947.11459137 . 1947BuAtS...3k.343G . 0096-3402 . 2014-06-26.
50. Web site: Leipzig-Thekla. aussenlager-buchenwald.de. 8 August 2022. de.
51. Web site: Leipzig-Engelsdorf. aussenlager-buchenwald.de. 8 August 2022. de.
52. Web site: "HASAG Leipzig" Concentration Camp Subcamp. 8 August 2022.
53. Web site: Leipzig-Schönau. aussenlager-buchenwald.de. 8 August 2022. de.
54. Web site: Leipzig-Schönefeld (Männer). aussenlager-buchenwald.de. 8 August 2022. de.
55. Web site: The Abtnaundorf Massacre. 11 December 2023.
56. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/sep/01/leipzig-flat-poignant-memorial-clean-beautiful-death-robert-capa-second-world-war Kate Connoly, Leipzig flat made famous in Capa war photo becomes poignant memorial
57. Book: Kirchner, Matthias . Connewitz Lössnig Dölitz. Im Leipziger Pleisseland . Passage Verlag . 1996 . 3-9804313-4-7 . Leipzig . 196–110 . de . Connewitz Lössnig Dölitz. Pleisse boroughs of Leipzig . Pro Leipzig . Zur Geschichte der Agra und des Agra-Parks . On the history of the Agra and the Agra-Park.
58. https://www.leipzig.de/freizeit-kultur-und-tourismus/parks-waelder-und-friedhoefe/parks-und-gruenanlagen/clara-zetkin-park Clara-Zetkin-Park at the web page of the city of Leipzig (in German)
59. https://hait.tu-dresden.de/media/zeitschrift/TD_12_02_Fenemore.pdf Mark Fenemore, Youth Opposition in the GDR, 1945–1965
60. http://www.paulinerkirche.org/chroni.html Chronik
61. Web site: 50 Jahre Polnisches Institut in Leipzig. Instytut Polski w Lipsku. 8 August 2022. de.
62. Wolfgang Hocquél, Leipzig. Architektur von der Romanik bis zur Gegenwart, 2. stark erweiterte Auflage, Passage Verlag, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-932900-54-5, pp. 134–136 (in German).
63. Web site: Chronik Grünau . 2024-11-16 . gruen-as.de . 2016 . de.
64. Web site: Chronik des Sportmuseum . Sportmuseum Leipzig . 24 July 2012 . de .
65. Web site: 2021-10-15. André Böhmer/Guido Schäfer. 2021-10-07. Leipziger "Westin" – vom DDR-Devisenhotel zur internationalen Top-Adresse. LVZ.de.
66. Book: Cottin, Markus . Leipziger Denkmale . Sax-Verlag . 1998 . 3-930076-71-3 . . 117 . de . Memorials in Leipzig.
67. Book: Lütke Daldrup . Engelbert . Leipzig Bauten / Buildings 1989-1999 . 1999 . Birkhäuser . Basel / Berlin / Boston . 3-7643-5957-9 . 216–219 . German, English.
68. Web site: St. Nicholas Column . 2024-01-28 . leipzig.de . en.
69. Web site: History: From Cotton to Culture . Spinnerei . 24 July 2012.
70. Matthias Puppe, Felix Kretz: Der große Ansturm. Zum offiziellen Verkaufsstart kamen gestern schon mehr als 100.000 Kunden in die Höfe am Brühl. In: Leipziger Volkszeitung of 26 September 2012, S. 15, in German language
71. Web site: Balkenhol Sculpture of Richard Wagner Nearing Completion . 2013-04-15 . 2023-10-29 . The Wagnerian.com . en.
72. Web site: Deutschlands beliebteste Städte: Sicher, sauber, grün: Diese Stadt läuft sogar München den Rang ab. 11 December 2013. FOCUS Online.
73. https://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Lokales/Legida-laeuft-Montag-im-Waldstrassenviertel-auf-Gegendemos-verlegen-Routen Rückblick der Leipziger Volkszeitung kurz vor dem zweiten Jahrestag.
74. https://www.lvz.de/Specials/Themenspecials/Legida-und-Proteste/Legida/Liveticker-Legida-in-Leipzig-am-9.1.2017 Leipziger Volkszeitung vom 9. Januar
75. Web site: Facts and Figures 2023 . static.leipzig.de . 2024-11-18 . en . PDF.
76. Web site: Leipzig gewinnt als einzige ostdeutsche Stadt wichtigen Preis in Cannes.
77. Web site: Leipzig wins European City of the Year at 2019 Urbanism Awards | the Academy of Urbanism.
78. Web site: de . Eskalation auf der Sachsenbrücke. Partygänger attackieren Rettungswagen . tag24 . 2021-06-12 . 2021-07-04.
79. Web site: de . Demos gegen rechts: Bundesweit Hunderttausende auf den Straßen . 2024-01-21 . mdr.de/Nachrichten . 2024-01-24.