Timeline of Lahore explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lahore, Pakistan.

Prior to 11th century

See also: Origins of Lahore, Etymology of Lahore and Hindu period in Lahore.

• 664/682 CE – City besieged by Muslim forces led by Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra.^[1]

11th–15th centuries

See also: Early Muslim period in Lahore.

• 1022 CE – Mahmud of Ghazni ousts Hindu rulers; Malik Ayaz in power.
• 1157 – City becomes Muslim Ghaznavid capital.
• 1241 – City sacked by Mongols.
• 1267 – Lahore Fort rebuilt.

16th–17th centuries

See also: Mughal period in Lahore.

• 1524 – Mughal Babur in power.
• 1530 – Mir Yunis Ali becomes governor.^[2]
• 1560 – Masjid Niwin (mosque) built.
• 1566 - Lahore Fort built.
• 1584 – Mughal Akbar relocates capital to Lahore.
• 1622 – Court of Mughal Jehangir established.^[3]
• 1627
  • Khwabgah palace built.
  • Tomb of Jahangir built in Shahdara Bagh near city.
• 1632 – Shish Mahal (palace) built at Lahore Fort.^[4]
• 1634 – Wazir Khan Mosque built.
• 1635 – Moti Masjid (mosque) built at Lahore Fort.
• 1637
  • Shalimar Gardens laid out near city.
    • 1649 – Dai Anga Mosque built.
• 1673 – Badshahi Mosque built.

18th century

See also: Sikh period in Lahore.

• 1739 – City captured by Persian forces under the command of Nader Shah.
• 1748 – Ahmed Shah Durrani in power.
• 1753 – Sunehri Mosque built in Dubbi Bazaar area.
• 1758 – Lahore Fort captured by Maratha forces under Raghunath Rao.
• 1759 – Marathas defeat the Durrani Empire in the Battle of Lahore.^[5]
• 1765 - Lehna Singh and Gujar Singh of the Sikh Bhangi Misl (Punjab), occupy Lahore.^[6]
• 1779 - Timur Shah Returns to Punjab to Punish the Sikhs (1776-1780)

• 1798 – Ranjit Singh in power.
• 1799 – Ranjit Singh occupies Lahore.^{[7] [8]} and shifts his capital from Gujrawala.

19th century

• 1813–1818 – Hazuri Bagh Baradari built.
• 1846 – British Council of Regency of the Punjab established.
• 1849
  • 3 January: British East India Company in power.
  • Lahore Chronicle newspaper begins publication.
• 1850s – Grand Trunk Road Peshawar-Lahore extension constructed (approximate date).
• 1858 November 1 – British Crown in power.^[9]
• 1859 – Masonic Temple built in Anarkali.
• 1860
  • Amritsar-Lahore train begins operating.
  • Lahore Junction railway station built.
• 1861 – Lahore Canal built (approximate date).
• 1864 – Government College and Rang Mahal School founded.
• 1868 – Population: 125,413.
• 1872
  • Lahore Zoo founded.
  • Civil and Military Gazette begins publication.
• 1875 – Mayo School of Industrial Art established.
• 1880 – Faletti's Hotel in business.
• 1881
  • Tribune newspaper begins publication.^[10]
  • Population: 149,369.
• 1882 – Punjab University and Lahore Bar Association founded.
• 1883 – Central Model School established.^[11]
• 1884 – Punjab Public Library established.^[12]
• 1885 – Punjab Civil Secretariat Library founded.
• 1886
  • Aitchison College founded.
  • Khalsa Akhbar Lahore Punjabi-language newspaper begins publication.
• 1887
  • General Post Office, Lahore built.
  • Anglican Cathedral Church of the Resurrection consecrated.
• 1889
  • Lahore High Court building constructed.
  • Railway Technical School established.
• 1890 – New town hall built.
• 1892 – Punjab Textbook Board Library established.
• 1894 – Lahore Museum opens.
• 1898 – April: Punjab Assembly passes first law.^[13]

20th century

• 1901 – Population: 202,964.^[14]
• 1904 - Sacred Heart Cathedral completed.
• 1908 – Dyal Singh Trust Library established.
• 1909 – Punjab Chiefs' Association headquartered in city.
• 1915 – Lahore Conspiracy Case trial held.
• 1921
  • Model Town suburb established.
  • Mughalpura Technical College founded.
• 1924 – Punjab Archival Museum and record office established.^[15]
• 1928 – Armoury Museum established in Lahore Fort.
• 1935 – Punjab Assembly Chamber built.^[16]
• 1940
  • March: City hosts Lahore Resolution proceedings of the All-India Muslim League.
  • Nawa-i-Waqt Urdu-language newspaper begins publication.
• 1941
  • Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan political party headquartered in city.^[17]
  • Population: 671,659.

Independence

• 1947
  • Riots.
  • 15 August: City becomes part of West Punjab province of Pakistan.
• 1948 - Chatan newspaper begins publication.
• 1951
  • Institute of Islamic Culture established.^[18]
  • Population: 849,476.^[19]
• 1952 – Lahore newspaper begins publication.
• 1953 – 6 March: Martial Law promulgated in Lahore to control disturbances against Ahmadis.
• 1955 – City becomes capital of West Pakistan.
• 1959 – Gaddafi Stadium built.
• 1964 – 26 November: Pakistan Television Lahore Station inaugurated.
• 1965 – Indo-Pakistani War.
• 1968 – Minar-e-Pakistan constructed in Iqbal Park.
• 1970
  • Lahore Stock Exchange founded.
  • Pakistan Monitor newspaper begins publication.
• 1972 – Population: 2,165,372.^[20]
• 1974 – City hosts Islamic Summit Conference. Recognized former East Pakistan as Bangladesh.
• 1975 – Lahore Development Authority established.
• 1976 – Samjhota Express Amritsar-Lahore train begins operating.
• 1977 – Allama Iqbal Museum inaugurated.^{[21] [22]}
• 1981
  • Minhaj-ul-Quran International (Islamic organization) founded.
  • Population: 2,952,689.^[23]
  • Lahore Zoo Safari established.
• 1983 – Ajoka (theatre group) formed.
• 1984 – Lahore University of Management Sciences and Lahore Conservation Society^[24] established.
• 1985 – Punjab Lok Rehas (theatre group) formed.
• 1986 – The Nation newspaper begins publication.
• 1989 – The Friday Times begins publication.
• 1990
  • Lahore Drama School and Institute of Leadership and Management founded.
  • Daily Pakistan newspaper begins publication.
  • February: 1990 Men's Hockey World Cup held.
• 1991 – Pearl Mosque built.^[25]
• 1992 – Alhamra Arts Council building constructed.
• 1993 – Zahoor ul Akhlaq Gallery established at the National College of Arts Lahore.^[26]
• 1996 – Lahore Post begins publication.
• 1997 – Lahore-Islamabad Motorway completed.
• 1998 – Population: 5,143,495.^[27]
• 1999
  • 21 February: City hosts signing of the India-Pakistan Lahore Declaration regarding nuclear armaments.
  • University of Lahore established.

21st century

• 2001 – Lahore City District divided into nine towns: Aziz Bhatti Town, Data Gunj Bakhsh Town, Gulberg Town, Iqbal Town, Lahore Cantonment, Ravi Town, Samanabad Town, Shalimar Town, Wagah Town.
• 2002 – Daily Times begins publication.
• 2003
  • Allama Iqbal International Airport inaugurated.
  • 11 July: Delhi-Lahore bus service resumes after suspension of 18 months.
• 2006 – Pakistan Fashion Design Council headquartered in city.^[28]
• 2007
  • March: Lawyers' Movement begins.^[29]
  • DHA Cinema opens.^[30]
  • Expo Centre Lahore built in Johar Town.
• 2009 – Software Technology Park and Alamgir Tower Lahore built.
• 2010
  • February: PFDC Sunsilk Fashion Week begins.
  • 28 May: Attacks on Ahmadi mosques.
  • 1 July: Bombings at Data Durbar Shrine.
  • 1 September: Bombings.
  • Vogue Towers opens.
  • Air pollution in Lahore reaches annual mean of 68 PM2.5 and 198 PM10, much higher than recommended.
• 2011 – The Lahore Times begins publication.
• 2012 – 11 September: Garment factory fire.
• 2013
  • February: Metrobus (Lahore) begins operating.^[31]
  • February: Lahore Literary Festival inaugurated.^[32]
  • March: Anti-Christian riot.^[33]
  • 6 July: Bombing in Old Anarkali district.
• 2014 - Grand Jamia Mosque inaugurated.
• 2017 - Population: 11,126,285.
• 2018 - Pakistan's Supreme Court quashed the conviction (under Blasphemy Law) and ordered the release of 47-year-old Aasia Bibi, a Christian woman from a village in Punjab province who had been on death row for eight years.
• 2019
  • 11 December: Attack on Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore.
• 2020
  • 11 December: The statue of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (placed in Lahore Fort) was vandalized by an extremist who broke the left arm of statue. The man was immediately caught by a security guard and was later on arrested by Lahore Police.^[34]
  • 13 December: Pakistan Democratic Movement (a collation of 11 opposition parties) organized a power show at Minar-e-Pakistan (Greater Iqbal Park, Lahore) against the ruling government of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf.^[35]

See also

• History of Lahore
• List of educational institutions in Lahore
• History of the Punjab
• Timelines of other cities in Pakistan: Karachi, Peshawar
• Urbanisation in Pakistan

Bibliography

Published in 19th century

• Book: . 1830 . Edinburgh . Edinburgh Encyclopaedia . . Lahore . https://archive.org/stream/edinburghencyclo12edinuoft#page/510/mode/1up .
  • • • Book: London . Street . 1870 . Street's Indian and Colonial Mercantile Directory for 1870 . https://books.google.com/books?id=SvINAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA47 . Lahore .
• Thornton, Thomas Henry. A Brief Account of the History and Antiquities of Lahore. Lahore: Government Civil Secretariat Press, 1873.
• Book: Lahore . Thomas Henry Thornton . John Lockwood Kipling . John Lockwood Kipling . Lahore . Printed at the Government Civil Secretariat Press . 1876 .
• Kanhaiya Lal. (1884) Tarikh-e-Lahore. Lahore, Pakistan: Aslam Asmat Printers.
  • Book: Latif, Syad Muhammad. Syad Muhammad Latif . https://books.google.com/books?id=RWsTAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false. Lahore: Its History, Architectural Remains and Antiquities. 1892. New Imperial Press. Lahore. 28302540.

Published in 20th century

1900s–1940s

• • Lahore . 16 . 81 - 82 . 1.
• Book: Lahore (Capital of the Punjab): A guide to places of interest, with history and map . H.A. Newell . Bombay . c. 1921 . 2nd .
• Lahore and some of its Historical Monuments. Lahore: Superintendent, Government Printing Press, 1927.
• Gulshan Lal Chopra. A Short History of Lahore and its Monuments. Lahore: 1937.
• Book: Encyclopaedia of Islam . c. 1938 . Leiden . . 39715711 . Lahawr . 5 .

1950s–1990s

• Book: Lahore, past and present; being an account of Lahore compiled from original sources . Muhammad Baqir . Lahore . Panjab University Press . 1952 . 8816775 .
• Lahore Development Authority. Lahore Urban Development and Traffic Study. 5 vols. Lahore, 1980.
• Lahore Development Authority. The Walled City of Lahore. Lahore, 1981.
• Samuel V. Noe. “Old Lahore and Old Delhi: Variations on a Mughal Theme.” Ekistics XLIX (1982), pp. 306–19.
• Mohammed A. Qadeer. Lahore, Urban Development in the Third World. Lahore: Vanguard Books, 1983.
• Ahmad Nabi Khan. “Lahore: the Darus Saltanat of the Moghul Empire under Akbar (1556–1605).” Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan XXI, no.3 (1984), pp. 1–22.
• Book: Muhammad Saeed . Lahore, A Memoir . Lahore . Vanguard . 1989 . 9694020085 .
• F.S. Aijazuddin. Lahore: Illustrated Views of the 19th Century. Lahore: Vanguard Books, Ltd., 1991.
• Book: Old Lahore . Ajaz Anwar . Lahore . 3rd . 1996 . Ajaz Anwar .
  • Book: Lahore, portrait of a lost city . Som Anand . Lahore . Vanguard Books . 1998 .
• Nazir Ahmad Chaudhry. A Short History of Lahore and Some of Its Monuments. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2000.

Published in 21st century

• Journal of Asian Civilizations XXIV, no. 2 (2001). Special issue on Lahore in the Ghaznavid period.
• F.S. Aijazuddin. Lahore Recollected: An Album. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publishers, 2003.
• Y. Lari. Lahore – Illustrated City Guide. Karachi, Pakistan: Heritage Foundation Pakistan 2003.
  • Book: Historic Cities of the Islamic World . C.E. Bosworth . 2007 . . Leiden . 9789004153882 . Lahore (Lahawr) . 299+ . P. Jackson . P.A. Andrews .
• Ian Talbot. Divided Cities: Partition and Its aftermath in Lahore and Amritsar, 1947–1957. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2006.

External links

• Web site: Pakistan: Lahore . Islamic Cultural Heritage Database . Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture . Istanbul .
• Web site: Lahore 100 Years ago. Islamabad . National Fund for Cultural Heritage . (photographs)
• Europeana. Items related to Lahore
• British Library. Items related to Lahore
• Web site: Lahore History . 9 March 2012 . Sarfraz Ahmad . Audacity of a Pakistani (blog) .

Notes and References

1. Wink 2002, p. 121.
2. Web site: Lahore Chronology . c. 2002 . Gardens of the Mughal Empire . Michael Brand . Smithsonian Productions . Washington DC . 18 August 2013.
3. Web site: Lahore Profile: History. City Government Lahore. City District Government Lahore. 18 August 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20081229181550/http://www.lahore.gov.pk/profile/history.htm. dead. 29 December 2008.
4. Web site: Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore . World Heritage List . World Heritage Centre . UNESCO . 18 August 2013.
5. http://www.san.beck.org/2-10-Marathas1707-1800.html "Marathas and the English Company 1707–1818 by Sanderson Beck"
6. Book: Gupta H.R.. History of the Sikhs, vol. IV. 1982. 225. Munshiram Manoharlal .
7. Book: Gupta H.R. . History of the Sikhs, vol. V. 1982 . 29. Munshiram Manoharlal.
8. Book: Bhagat Singh . Maharaja Ranjit Singh and His Times. 1990. Sehgal Publishers Service . 436. 81-85477-01-9.
9. Book: Routledge . 9781884964046 . International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania . 1996 . Schellinger and Salkin . UK . Lahore . 522+ .
10. Web site: Lahore (Pakistan) Newspapers . USA . WorldCat . . 18 August 2013.
11. Book: Lahore: its history, architectural remains and antiquities, with an account of its modern institutions, inhabitants, their trade, customs, &c. . Syad Muhammad Latif . Lahore . Printed at the New Imperial Press . 1892 .
12. Book: World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services . American Library Association . Chicago . 1993 . 3rd . 0838906095 . Pakistan . registration . https://archive.org/details/worldencyclopedi0000unse .
13. Web site: About Assembly . Provincial Assembly of The Punjab . Lahore . 18 August 2013.
14. Lahore . 16 . 81 - 82 .
15. Web site: Services and General Administration Department: Frequently Asked Questions . Punjab Portal . Government of the Punjab . 18 August 2013.
16. Web site: Building of the Assembly . Provincial Assembly of The Punjab . Lahore . 18 August 2013.
17. Book: Far East and Australasia 2003 . Pakistan . 1160+ . Regional Surveys of the World . . 9781857431339 . 2002 .
18. Web site: Information and Culture: Institutions . Punjab Portal . Government of the Punjab . 18 August 2013.
19. Web site: Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants . Demographic Yearbook 1955 . . New York .
20. Book: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm . Demographic Yearbook 1975 . 1976 . United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office . New York . Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants . 253–279 .
21. Web site: Museums and Galleries in Pakistan . Islamabad . National Fund for Cultural Heritage . 18 August 2013.
22. Web site: Lahore Sites of Interest . Lahore . Raza Noor . Edmonton, Canada . 18 August 2013.
23. Book: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm . 1985 Demographic Yearbook . 1987 . United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office . New York . Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants . 247–289 .
24. Web site: With Lahore in his Veins . . 6 December 2003 .
25. Web site: ArchNet.org . MIT School of Architecture and Planning . Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA . Lahore . 18 August 2013.
26. Web site: Gallery . National College of Arts Lahore . 18 August 2013.
27. Web site: Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants . Demographic Yearbook 2011 . 2012 . . 18 August 2013 .
28. Web site: About the Pakistan Fashion Design Council . Pakistan Fashion Design Council . Lahore . 18 August 2013.
29. Web site: Lawyer's Crusade . 1 June 2008 . New York Times . James Traub . 18 August 2013. James Traub .
30. Web site: CinemaTreasures.org . Cinema Treasures LLC . Los Angeles . Movie Theaters in Lahore, Pakistan . 18 August 2013.
31. Web site: Lahore's rapid transit system . 20 February 2013 . . Karachi . 18 August 2013.
32. Web site: Pakistan, Under Cultural Siege, Is Buoyed by Book Festivals . Declan Walsh . 6 March 2013 . New York Times . 18 August 2013. Declan Walsh (journalist) .
33. News: Pakistan arrests scores over Lahore anti-Christian riot . 10 March 2013 . BBC News . 18 August 2013.
34. Web site: Statue of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in Lahore vandalised by a man because Singh had converted a mosque into a horse stable. 12 December 2020. 13 December 2020.
35. Web site: PDM supporters attend the public meeting at Minar-i-Pakistan on 13th December (Sunday). 14 December 2020. 15 December 2020.