Timeline of Kinshasa explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

19th century

• 14th -18th Century Kongo Kingdom reigned victorious throughout the land
• 1881 - Léopoldville founded as a trading post by Henry Morton Stanley of the UK.
• 1885 - Town becomes part of Congo Free State.^{[1] [2]}
• 1898 - Matadi–Kinshasa Railway built.

20th century

1900s-1950s

• 1908 - Town becomes part of Belgian Congo.
• 1909 - Banque du Congo Belge headquartered in Léopoldville (approximate date).
• 1914 - Grand Hotel ABC built.
• 1917 - Collège Saint-Joseph founded.
• 1920 - Ligne Aérienne du Roi Albert (airline) begins operating.
• 1923 - Capital of Belgian Congo relocated to Leopoldville from Boma.^[3]
• 1928 - newspaper begins publication.^[4]
• 1935 - Association Sportive Vita Club formed.
• 1936 - Daring Club Motema Pembe (football club) formed.
• 1937
  • Stade Reine Astrid (stadium) opens.
  • Radio Leo begins broadcasting.^[5]
  • Hotel Memling built.
• 1938 - Amicale Sportive Dragons football club formed.
• 1939 - Albert I of Belgium monument inaugurated on Place de la Gare.^[6]
• 1940 - Radio Congo Belge begins broadcasting.
• 1940s - Ngoma recording studio in business.
• 1943 - École Saint-Luc à Gombe Matadi founded.
• 1952 - Stade Roi Baudouin (stadium) inaugurated.
• 1953
  • N'djili Airport inaugurated.
  • African Jazz (musical group) formed.
• 1954 - Lovanium University established.
• 1955
  • Boulevard Albert I constructed.
  • Presbyterian Community in Kinshasa founded.
• 1956
  • OK Jazz musical group formed.^[7]
  • Colonial Governor-General residence built.
• 1957 - Académie des Beaux-Arts (school) active.
• 1958
  • Trico Center for nuclear studies established.^[8]
  • Plantations Lever au Congo (part of Unilever) headquartered in city.
• 1959
  • Anti-colonial riots led by the ABAKO political party.^[9]
  • L'independance newspaper begins publication.^[10]

1960s-1990s

• 1960
  • City becomes capital of independent Republic of the Congo.
  • Joseph Kulumba becomes bourgmestre, succeeded by Daniel Kanza.
• 1961 - American School founded.
• 1962
  • National School of Law and Administration founded.
  • Revolutionary Government of Angola in Exile based in Léopoldville.
• 1963
  • Boulevard Albert I renamed "Boulevard du 30 Juin".
  • Zoao Boniface becomes bourgmestre.
• 1964
  • City becomes capital of Democratic Republic of the Congo.
  • Hotel Memling built.
  • Banque du Congo headquartered in city.
• 1965 - Centre d'etudes pour l'action sociale established.
• 1966 - Léopoldville renamed "Kinshasa."^[11]
• 1967
  • September: Organisation of African Unity summit held.
  • National Conservatory of Music and Dramatic Art established.
• 1969
  • Kinshasa International Fair begins.
  • Zaiko Langa Langa musical group formed.
• 1971
  • City becomes capital of Republic of Zaire.
  • Office National des Transports headquartered in city.
  • Inter Continental hotel in business.
• 1972 - École d'Informatique d'Électronique founded.
• 1974
  • September: Zaire 74 music festival held.
  • 30 October: The Rumble in the Jungle boxing match held.
  • Population: 2,008,352.^[12]
• 1975 - Sozacom building constructed.
• 1976 - Voix du Zaire broadcasting complex^[13] and BCZ building constructed.
• 1977 - Zekete-zekete musical style developed.
• 1979 - Palais du Peuple built.
• 1981 - University of Kinshasa established.^[14]
• 1982 - Le Potentiel newspaper begins publication.^[15]
• 1984 - Population: 2,664,309.^[16]
• 1985 - Meeting of the Association Internationale des Maires Francophones held in city.
• 1988 - Madiaba musical style developed.
• 1989
  • Athletic Club Sodigraf formed.
  • La Référence Plus newspaper begins publication.
• 1990 - Population: 3,564,000 (urban agglomeration).
• 1991
  • Fundu Kota becomes governor.
  • September: "Riots...by unpaid soldiers."
  • October: Anti-Mobutu demonstrations.^[17]
• 1992 - Kibabu Madiata Nzau becomes governor, succeeded by Bernardin Mungul Diaka.
• 1994
  • Orchestre Symphonique Kimbanguiste founded.
  • Kamanyola Stadium opens.
• 1996
  • Mujinga Swana becomes governor, succeeded by Nkoy Mafuta.
  • L'Avenir (Newspaper) begins publication.
  • 8 January: Airplane crash.
• 1997
  • Théophile Mbemba Fundu becomes governor.
  • April: General Gabriel Amela Lokima Bahati becomes governor.
  • May: City taken by anti-Mobutu forces led by Laurent-Désiré Kabila.^[18]
  • Central Bank of the Congo headquartered in city.
• 1998
  • August: Second Congo War begins; rebel forces move toward city.
  • September: Food shortage.
• 1999 - United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo headquartered in Kinshasa.
• 2000 - Population: 5,611,000 (urban agglomeration).

21st century

• 2001
  • Christophe Muzungu becomes governor, succeeded by .
  • January: President Laurent-Désiré Kabila assassinated.^[19]
• 2002
  • David Nku Imbié becomes governor.
  • Lola ya Bonobo animal sanctuary located near city.
• 2004
  • March: Coup attempt.
  • May: Jean Kimbunda becomes governor.
• 2005
  • Kimbembe Mazunga becomes governor.
  • Population: 7,106,000 (urban agglomeration).^[20]
• 2006
  • Post-election unrest.^[21]
  • Baudoin Liwanga becomes governor.
• 2007
  • March: Conflict between Bemba supporters and government forces.^[22]
  • 16 March: André Kimbuta becomes governor.
  • City website online (approximate date).^[23]
• 2010 - 2 June: Activist Floribert Chebeya killed.
• 2011 - 27 February: Coup attempt.
• 2012
  • October: Organisation internationale de la Francophonie summit held.
  • Population: 9,046,000.
• 2013 - 30 December: December 2013 Kinshasa attacks by supporters of religious leader Mukungubila.
• 2014
  • 11 May: Stade Tata Raphaël stampede.
  • (hospital) opens.
  • It's discovered that the origin of the HIV virus traces back to Léopoldville in the 1920s.^[24]
• 2015 - January: 2015 Congolese protests.
• 2023: The 2023 Jeux de la Francophonie.

See also

• History of Kinshasa
• Urban history of Kinshasa (in French)
• List of governors of Kinshasa
• Communes of Kinshasa
• List of television stations in Kinshasa
• Timelines of other cities in DR Congo: Bukavu, Goma, Kisangani, Lubumbashi
• History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Timeline and history of Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo (across Congo River from Kinshasa)

References

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

• Book: . Under Siege: Four African Cities, Freetown, Johannesburg, Kinshasa, Lagos. 2002. 978-3-7757-9090-1 . Ostfildern, Germany . . . + website
• Book: Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History . . Dickson Eyoh . Routledge . 0415234794 . 2003 . Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
• Book: . Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience . 2005 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-517055-9 . 2nd . Kinshasa . registration .
• Book: Encyclopedia of African History . Fitzroy Dearborn . 978-1-57958-245-6 . . 2005. Kinshasa.

in French

• • Book: Marc Pain. Kinshasa: la ville et la cité. 1984. IRD Editions. 978-2-7099-0728-6 . fr . .
• Book: Léon de Saint Moulin .

  ln:Léon de Saint Moulin

  . Villes et organisation de l'espace en République Démocratique du Congo. . 978-2-296-25787-0 . fr . 2010. (Includes information about Kinshasa)
• Book: Kinshasa . 2012 . . fr . Histoire . 30+ . 9782746959279 . Futé . Petit .

External links

• Flickr. Kinshasa in the '70s (set of photos)
• Web site: (Kinshasa) . . UK . (Bibliography of open access articles)
• Web site: (Kinshasa) . . (Images, etc.)
• Web site: (Kinshasa) . . (Images, etc.)
• Web site: (Kinshasa) . . . 15 January 2019 . Germany . (Bibliography)
• Web site: (Kinshasa) . Connecting-Africa . . Leiden, Netherlands . (Bibliography)
• Web site: (Kinshasa) . . (Bibliography)
• Web site: (Kinshasa) . Mukanda: ressources documentaires sur l'Afrique centrale . . France . fr . (Bibliography)
• Web site: (Kinshasa) . Contemporary History Library Catalogue . . Belgium . (Bibliography) (see also "Leopoldville")

Notes and References

1. An Account of the Congo Independent State . Henry Phillips, Jr. . Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society . 26 . 1889 .
2. Book: Muriel E. Chamberlain . M. E. Chamberlain . Longman Companion to European Decolonisation in the Twentieth Century . 1998. 2013 . Routledge. 978-1-317-89744-6 . Chronology of Decolonisation: the French Empire: French Equatorial Africa . 163+ .
3. Encyclopedia: Kinshasa – national capital, Democratic Republic of the Congo . britannica.com . 22 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141018021639/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/318863/Kinshasa/9050/History . 18 October 2014 . live.
4. Book: Africa South of the Sahara 2004 . Regional Surveys of the World . . 2004 . 1857431839 . Democratic Republic of the Congo: Directory .
5. Book: Gary Stewart. Rumba on the River: A History of the Popular Music of the Two Congos . 2003. Verso. 978-1-85984-368-0.
6. Web site: Kinshasa Then and Now (blog) . . Mwana Mboka . 30 September 2014 .
7. Book: Ruth M. Stone. Garland Handbook of African Music . 2nd . 2010. Routledge. 978-1-135-90001-4 .
8. News: Congo arrest over missing uranium . BBC News . 8 March 2007.
9. News: Democratic Republic of Congo Profile: Timeline . 4 May 2011 . BBC News . 22 February 2013 .
10. Web site: Kinshasa (Congo) Newspapers . US . WorldCat . . 22 February 2013.
11. Book: Didier Gondola. History of Congo. 2002. Greenwood . 978-0-313-31696-8 . Timeline of Historical Events . registration.
12. Book: Demographic Yearbook 1975 . 1976 . United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office . New York . Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants . 253–279 .
13. Book: Emizet Francois Kisangani. Scott F. Bobb. Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo . 3rd . 2009. . 978-0-8108-6325-5.
14. Web site: Université de Kinshasa . 22 February 2013 . .
15. Web site: Kinshasa (Congo) -- Newspapers . . Chicago, US . Global Resources Network . 30 September 2014 .
16. Book: 1995 Demographic Yearbook . 1997 . United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division . New York . Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants . 262–321 .
17. Web site: Mobutu's Militia Confronts Protesters in Kinshasa . 22 October 1991 . New York Times .
18. Web site: Mobutu Gives Up, Leaving Kinshasa and Ceding Power . 17 May 1997 . New York Times .
19. Web site: Congo leader Kabila 'killed' . 17 January 2001 . The Guardian . UK .
20. Web site: The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets . 2010 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130617161951/http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=9141&catid=7&typeid=46 . 2013-06-17 .
21. Book: Andreas Mehler. Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2006 . 2007. Koninklijke Brill . 978-90-04-20556-7 . Democratic Republic of the Congo . 236+ . etal.
22. Web site: DRC . 23 March 2007 . .
23. Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230435/http://kinshasa.cd/ . Ville de Kinshasa - Le Site officiel . 27 September 2007 . fr . .
24. News: Aids: Origin of pandemic 'was 1920s Kinshasa'. James Gallagher. BBC. 2 October 2014.