Timeline of Isfahan explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Isfahan, Iran.

Prior to 16th century

• c. 538 BC - Jews settle in Isfahan^[1]
• 771 - Friday Mosque established in Yahudiyya (approximate date).^[2]
• 1051 - Isfahan besieged by Seljuk forces of Tughril; city becomes capital of the Seljuk Empire.^[3]
• 1070 - Nezamiyeh Madrasa built (approximate date).
• 1107 - Chihil Dukhtaran (minaret) erected.
• 1194 - Khwarazmian Ala ad-Din Tekish in power.
• 1226 - City sacked by Mongol forces.
• 1228 - City besieged by Mongol forces again.
• 1240/1241 - Isfahan taken by Mongol forces.
• 1325 - Emamzadeh Jafar (tomb/shrine) built.
• 1341/1342 - Shaikh Abu Esḥāq Inju becomes governor of Isfahan.
• 1356 - Amir Mobārez-al-Din Mo-ḥammad Moẓaffari becomes governor of Isfahan.
• 1387 - Isfahan besieged by forces of Timur.^[4]

16th-19th centuries

• 1503 - Safavid Ismail I in power.
• 1598 - Isfahan becomes capital of the Safavid Empire; Abbas I of Persia in power.
• 1602
  • Si-o-seh pol (bridge) built to newly developed New Julfa.^[5]
  • Maydān-i shāh (square) laid out.
• 1619 - Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque built.
• 1627 - Armenian Bedkhem Church built in New Julfa.
• 1630 - Shah Mosque built (approximate date).
• 1647 - Chehel Sotoun palace construction begins.
• 1650 - Khaju Bridge built.
• 1660 - Ālī Qāpū (palace) built (approximate date).
• 1670 - Hasht Behesht palace built.
• 1722 - Siege of Isfahan by Afghan forces.
• 1736 - Persian capital relocated from Isfahan to Mashhad.
• 1804/1805 - Famine.
• 1836/1837 - Unrest.
• 1848/1849 - Unrest.
• 1869 - Isfahan economy affected by opening of the Suez Canal in Egypt.^[6]
• 1872 - Famine.
• 1874 - Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan becomes governor of Isfahan.
• 1882 - Population: 73,634.

20th century

• 1919 - Zaban-e Zanan women's magazine begins publication.^[7]
• 1920 - Population: 80,000 (approximate estimate).^[8]
• 1921 - Waṭan textile factory in business.
• 1941 - Population: 204,598.
• 1946 - University of Isfahan established.
• 1953 - Sepahan F.C. (football club) formed.
• 1959 - Hamadāniān cement factory in business.
• 1966 - Population: 424,045.
• 1970s - Polyacryl Iran Corporation established.^(en)
• 1973 - First development organic program^{[9] [10]}
• 1971 - Āryāmehr steel mill begins operating near city.
• 1973 - Naqsh-e jahan derby (football contest) begins.
• 1976 - Population: 661,510.
• 1977 - Ālī Qāpū, Chehel Sotoun, and Hasht Behesht palaces restored.
• 1977 - Isfahan University of Technology established.
• 1979 - Naqsh-e Jahan Square designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• 1983 - becomes mayor.^(fa)
• 1984 - Isfahan International Airport opens.^[11]
• 1986 - Population: 986,753.
• 1996 - Population: 1,266,072.^[12]
• 1999 - February: Local election held.

21st century

• 2003
  • Naghsh-e Jahan Stadium opens.
  • becomes mayor.^(fa)
• 2011 - Population: 1,756,126.^[13]
• 2013 - 14 June: Local election held.
• 2014 - City becomes part of newly formed national administrative Region 2.
• 2015
  • Isfahan Metro begins operating.
  • Mehdi Jamalinejad becomes mayor of Isfahan.
• 2023
  • 2023 Iran drone attacks^[14]
  • 99.54% of the population have natural gas network access.^[15]
  • Unemployed: 180,000, jobs openings: 12000^[16]
  • Shah Mosque tower and dome tilted; 14 billion toman allocated to renovate the buildings.^[17]
  • 5,994 city crossings named after martyrs of Iraq-Iran War by the municipal government.^[18]
  • Isfahan province divided into 212 police blocks.^[19]
• 2024
  • 19 April: Isfahan missile strike
  • Asian cooperation dialogue event held in the city.^[20]

See also

• Isfahan history (fr)
• Other names of Isfahan
• List of mayors of Isfahan (fa)
• List of historical structures in Isfahan Province
• Timelines of other cities in Iran: Bandar Abbas, Hamadan, Kerman, Mashhad, Qom, Shiraz, Tabriz, Tehran, Yazd

References

This article incorporates information from the Persian Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

Published prior to 19th century

Published in the 20th century

• • Book: Lands of the Eastern Caliphate . . Cambridge University Press . 1905 . Jibal: (Isfahan) . https://archive.org/stream/landsofeasternca00lest#page/202/mode/2up .
• Isfahān . 14 . Houtum-Schindler . Albert . Albert Houtum-Schindler . Rawlinson . Henry Creswicke . Henry Creswicke Rawlinson . 867 - 870 . 1910 . . 1.
• Book: Huart . Iṣfahān . Encyclopaedia of Islam . Encyclopaedia of Islam . Brill . . etal . 1927 .
• Book: . Persian Literature: a Bio-Bibliographical Survey . Luzac & Company . London . 1312518 . 1936. History of Persia: Isfahan. 1 .
• Book: . Isfahan: Pearl of Persia . 711992 . 1966 .
  • John E. Woods . Note on the Mongol Capture of Iṣfahān . . 36 . 544126 . 1977 . 1 . 49–51 . 10.1086/372531 . 161867404 . .
• Book: . . An Historical Geography of Iran . Princeton University Press . 978-1-4008-5322-9 . 1984 . Isfahan, Kashan, and Qum . 169–179 . .
• Eckart Ehlers. "Capitals and spatial organization in Iran: Esfahân, Shirâz, Tehran," in Chahryar Adle and Bernard Hourcade, eds., Téhéran: Capitale bicentenaire, (Paris and Teheran: Institut Français de Recherche en Iran, 1992), pp. 155–172.
• Book: Andrew Petersen . Dictionary of Islamic Architecture . Routledge . 978-1-134-61365-6 . 1996 . Isfahan . 6 February 2017 . 29 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629133608/https://books.google.com/books?id=9A-EAgAAQBAJ . live .
  • Stephen P. Blake. Half the World: A Social Architecture of Safavid Isfahan, 1590-1722 (Costa Mesa, Cal.: Mazda, 1999)
• Heidi Walcher . Face of the Seven Spheres: Urban Morphology and Architecture in Nineteenth-century Isfahan . . 33 . 4311377 . 2000 . 3/4 . 327–347 . 10.1080/00210860008701985 . 144016605 . + part 2, 2001

Published in the 21st century

• • Book: . Medieval Islamic Civilization: an Encyclopedia . Routledge . 978-0-415-96691-7 . 2006 . Isfahan . 6 February 2017 . 29 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629134110/https://books.google.com/books?id=MypbfKdMePIC . live .
• Encyclopedia: . Isfahan: Local Historiography . Jürgen Paul .

  de:Jürgen Paul

  . 2006 . 2017-02-06 . 2017-03-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170315100423/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/isfahan-x6-bibliography . live .
• Encyclopedia: Encyclopædia Iranica. Isfahan: Monuments: Bibliography. Sussan Babaie. 2007. 2017-02-06. 2017-03-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20170315100423/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/isfahan-x6-bibliography. live.
• Book: Historic Cities of the Islamic World . . 2007 . Koninklijke Brill . Leiden . Isfahan . 167–179 . 978-9004153882 . . 6 February 2017 . 29 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629134113/https://books.google.com/books?id=UB4uSVt3ulUC . live .
• Sussan Babaie. Isfahan and Its Palaces: Statecraft, Shiʿism, and the Architecture of Conviviality in Early Modern Iran. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008
• Book: Heidi A. Walcher . In the Shadow of the King: Zill al-Sultān and Isfahān under the Qājārs . 9781850434344 . I.B. Tauris . 2008 .
• Book: David Durand-Guédy . Iranian Elites and Turkish Rulers: A History of Iṣfahān in the Saljūuq Period . 9780415457101 . Routledge . 2010 .
• Encyclopedia: Encyclopædia Iranica. Isfahan: Modern Economy And Industries: Isfahan City. Habib Borjian. 2012. . 2017-02-07. 2017-02-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20170208034733/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/isfahan-xiv2-industries-of-isfahan-city. live.
• Encyclopedia: Encyclopædia Iranica. Isfahan: Safavid Period. Masashi Haneda. Rudi Matthee. 2012. . 2017-02-07. 2018-05-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20180517080407/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/isfahan-vii-safavid-period. live.
• Encyclopedia: Encyclopædia Iranica. Isfahan: Medieval Period. Hossein Kamaly. 2012. . 2017-02-07. 2012-12-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20121227051802/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/isfahan-vi-medieval-period. live.
• Encyclopedia: Encyclopædia Iranica. 2012. Bibliographies and Catalogues in Iran: Isfahan. Aḥmad Monzawī. ʿAlī Naqī Monzawī. 2017-02-13. 2017-02-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20170214004245/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/bibliographies-ii. live.
• Encyclopedia: Encyclopædia Iranica. Isfahan: Population: Isfahan City. Habibollah Zanjani. 2012. . 2017-02-06. 2015-12-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20151208141309/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/isfahan-iii3-isfahan-city. live.
• Kheirandish, Elaheh. Baghdad and Isfahan: A Dialogue of Two Cities in an Age of Science CA. 750-1750 (Harvard UP, 2021) excerpt

in other languages

• (Biographical dictionary written in 10th century CE)
• (Written in 11th century CE)
• (Biographical dictionary written in 11th century CE)
• Book: Jean-Baptiste Tavernier . Jean-Baptiste Tavernier . Les Six Voyages . fr . Paris . 1676 . https://books.google.com/books?id=_cgM18MuVgsC&pg=PA388 . Description d'Ispahan ville capitale des Estats du Roy de Perse . 8 February 2017 . 29 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629134111/https://books.google.com/books?id=_cgM18MuVgsC&pg=PA388 . live .
• Book: . Voyages du chevalier Chardin en Perse . Paris . fr . 1811 . 1686 . (Ispahan) . 7 . 289+ . 2027/nyp.33433082406509?urlappend=%3Bseq=301 . https://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433082406509?urlappend=%3Bseq=301 . 8 February 2017 . 29 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629134121/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/imgsrv/html?id=nyp.33433082406509;seq=301 . live .
• Book: . La Perse en automobile: à travers la Russie et le Caucase . Paris . . fr . 1906 . Une semaine a Ispahan . 233+ .
• Book: al-Iṣfahān . Sayyid Ali Al-Jinab . fa . circa 1920s?
• . Isfahan . Āthār-é Īrān / Annales du Service archéologique de l'Iran . fr . 3230219 . 2 . 1937 . 7–176 .
• Helga Anschütz .

  de:Helga Anschütz

  . Persische Stadttypen. Eine vergleichende Betrachtung der Städte Teheran - Isfahan - Abadan - Chorramschahr, und Buschir in Iran . Geografische Rundschau . 0016-7460 . 19 . de . 1967 .
• H. Gaube and E. Wirth. Der Bazar von Isfahan, Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Beihefte B/22, Wiesbaden, 1978.
• Book: Rosemarie Quiring-Zoche . Isfahan im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert: Ein Beitrag zur persischen Stadtgeschichte . Berlin . . de . . 1980 .
• (Special issue on Isfahan)

External links

• Encyclopedia: Encyclopædia Iranica . Ehsan Yarshater. Isfahan . (Includes multiple articles)
• Web site: . Bibliographia Iranica . Cities: Isfahan . . USA . (Bibliography)
• Items related to Isfahan, various dates (via Qatar Digital Library)
• Items related to Isfahan, various dates (via Europeana)
• Items related to Isfahan, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
• Web site: Women's Worlds in Qajar Iran . (Isfahan) . Harvard University . Primary-source materials related to the social and cultural history of women's worlds in Qajar Iran .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Congress . World Jewish . World Jewish Congress . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170603063112/https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/about/communities/IR . June 3, 2017 . 2024-06-19 . World Jewish Congress . EN.
2. Web site: . Isfahan . Retrieved 8 February 2017
3. Book: John L. Esposito. John Esposito. Oxford Dictionary of Islam. 2003. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-975726-8. 6 February 2017. 29 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230629132127/https://books.google.com/books?id=E324pQEEQQcC. live.
4. Book: Europa Publications . Political Chronology of the Middle East . 978-1-135-35673-6 . 2003 . Iran . 45–64 . 7 February 2017 . 29 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629132054/https://books.google.com/books?id=eCSOT0_JAnwC . live .
5. News: Iran Profile: Timeline . BBC News . BBC News . 16 August 2011 . 6 February 2017 . 28 January 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170128170315/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14542438 . live .
6. Book: Hooshang Amirahmadi. Political Economy of Iran under the Qajars: Society, Politics, Economics and Foreign Relations 1796-1936. 2012. I.B.Tauris. 978-0-85772-258-4. 6 February 2017. 29 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230629133100/https://books.google.com/books?id=UGUBAwAAQBAJ. live.
7. Book: Ghada Talhami. Historical Dictionary of Women in the Middle East and North Africa. 2013. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-6858-8. 6 February 2017. 29 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230629133101/https://books.google.com/books?id=4ddqaCdZdZ0C. live.
8. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . Statesman's Year-Book . 1921 . London . Macmillan and Co. . Persia . 2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1219 . https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1219 . . Ispahan . 6 February 2017 . 29 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629133139/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101072368440;seq=1219 . live .
9. http://prof.khuisf.ac.ir/images/Uploaded_files/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AD-%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C[3934314].PDF
10. Web site: سایه شهرهای اطراف بر سر اصفهان و «دومین طرح جامع»/وضعیت فعلی طرح به شهرداری ابلاغ نشده است . 15 August 2023 .
11. Book: Europa World Year Book . 2004 . . 978-1-85743-255-8 . Iran . https://books.google.com/books?id=wGA4o-UhAfgC . 6 February 2017 . 29 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629133601/https://books.google.com/books?id=wGA4o-UhAfgC . live .
12. Book: Statesman's Yearbook 2003 . 2002 . Palgrave Macmillan . UK . 978-0-333-98096-5 . Countries of the World: Iran . 6 February 2017 . 29 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629133602/https://books.google.com/books?id=7XXQDQAAQBAJ . live .
13. Web site: Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants . Demographic Yearbook 2015 . 2016 . . 2017-02-06 . 2019-04-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190402084025/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2015.htm . live .
14. Web site: دیفنس اکسپرس: تاسیسات اصفهان در حمله پهپادی هیچ آسیبی ندیده است . 29 January 2023 . 2023-06-03 . 2023-02-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230202062023/https://www.irna.ir/news/85013597/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%86%D8%B3-%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%BE%D9%87%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%86-%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA . live .
15. Web site: پوشش ۹۹.۵۴ درصدی گازرسانی در اصفهان . 15 May 2023 . 2023-06-03 . 2023-05-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230524053349/https://www.irna.ir/news/85112301/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%B4-%DB%B9%DB%B9-%DB%B5%DB%B4-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C-%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86 . live .
16. Web site: ۱۸۰ هزار بیکار در استان اصفهان وجود دارد . 13 August 2023 .
17. Web site: عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه: گنبد مسجد جامع اصفهان ترک برداشته و ستون‌هایش کج شده .
18. Web site: راه‌اندازی پویش «به نام شهید» با مشارکت شهروندان اصفهانی . 7 November 2023 .
19. Web site: اصفهان به ۲۱۲ بلوک انتظامی تقسیم شد - ایرنا .
20. Web site: Iran's Isfahan enjoys high capacities for tourism, trade - Mehr News Agency .