Timeline of Helsinki explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Helsinki, Finland.

Prior to 19th century

• 1550 - Trading town established by Gustav I of Sweden.^[1]
• 1569 - City privileges granted.
• 1570 - Fire.
• 1616 - "Diet of Finland held in Helsinki."
• 1640 - Helsinki relocated across bay to Vironniemi"
• 1654 - Fire.
• 1695 - Famine begins.
• 1710 - Plague.
• 1713 - Helsinki taken by Russian forces.
• 1727 - built.
• 1742 - Helsinki occupied by Russians again.
• 1743 - Herring fair begins.
• 1748 - Sveaborg fortress construction begins.
• 1757 - built.

19th century

• 1808
  • Suomenlinna fortress surrenders to Russia.
  • Fire.
• 1810 - Population: 4,065.
• 1812
  • Helsinki becomes capital of Grand Duchy of Finland.
  • Esplanadi park opens.
• 1815 - established.
• 1819 - Sinebrychoff Brewery founded.
• 1822 - Government Palace built.
• 1826 - Helsinki Old Church built.
• 1827 - Engels Teater, the first theatre, is built.
• 1828 - The Royal Academy of Turku relocates to Helsinki.
• 1829 - Hietaniemi cemetery and University of Helsinki Botanical Garden^[2] established.
• 1838 - Kaivohuone built.^[3]
• 1844 - The state girls' school Svenska fruntimmersskolan i Helsingfors is opened.
• 1846 - Finnish Art Society^[4] and symphony orchestra^[5] founded.
• 1847 - Suometar newspaper begins publication.
• 1848 - Drawing school established.
• 1849 - Helsinki University of Technology founded.
• 1852
  • St Nicholas' Church built.
  • "Students Library" established.^[6]
• 1860
  • Swedish Theatre built.
  • Population: 22,228.
• 1862 - First Helsinki railway station opens with service to Hämeenlinna.
• 1864 - Hufvudstadsbladet newspaper begins publication.^[7]
• 1868 - Uspenski Cathedral built.
• 1870 - St. Petersburg-Helsinki railway built.
• 1871 - University of Arts and Design founded.
• 1872 - .
• 1873 - First Finnish opera, Suomalainen Ooppera, is inaugurated.
• 1875 - City Council of Helsinki established.
• 1879 - Alexander Theatre built.
• 1881 - Rikhardinkatu Library opens.
• 1882
  • Helsinki Music Institute and Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra^[8] established.
  • Population: 45,919.^[9]
• 1884 - Electric power plant begins operating.
• 1886 - Kaivopuisto park established.
• 1887 - Ateneum and Hotel Kämp built.
• 1888 - Kauppahalli built.
• 1889
  • Zoo opens.
  • Päivälehti and Helsingin Sanomat newspapers begin publication.
• 1890 - Population: 61,530.
• 1891
  • Horse-drawn tram begins operating.
  • Fazer in business.
• 1893
  • Helsinki harbour rail begins operating.
  • Winter garden opens.
• 1894 - Statue of Alexander II of Russia erected in Senate Square.
• 1895 - Demari newspaper begins publication.
• 1896 - Population: 77,484.
• 1898 - Kauppalehti newspaper in publication.
• 1900 - Electric tram begins operating.

20th century

1900s-1940s

• 1902 - Finnish National Theatre building constructed.
• 1904
  • Governor-General Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov assassinated by Eugen Schauman.
  • Population: 111,654.
• 1906
  • 26 February: 1906 Helsinki bank robbery.
  • Helsinki Synagogue built.
• 1908 - Helsinki Workers' House built.
• 1909 - Seurasaari Open-Air Museum and established.
• 1911
  • Helsinki School of Economics founded.
  • Domestic Opera founded.
  • Helsinki City Museum opens.^[10]
• 1912 - Helsinki Stock Exchange founded.
• 1917
  • May: occurs.
  • Helsinki Workers' Council formed.^[11]
• 1916 - National Museum of Finland opens.
• 1918
  • Civil war.
  • British submarine flotilla in harbor.
• 1919
  • 16 May: Victory day.
  • Helsinki Central railway station, designed by Eliel Saarinen, opens.
  • Population: 187,544.^[12]
• 1922 - Arthur Castrén becomes mayor.
• 1924 - Natural History Museum of Helsinki established.
• 1926
  • Yleisradio begins broadcasting.
  • Citizens' College Helsinki founded.
• 1928 - opens.
• 1930 - Population: 205,833.
• 1931
  • Antti Tulenheimo becomes mayor.
  • Parliament House built.
  • Hotel Torni opens.
• 1932
  • Eläintarhan ajot (motor race) begins.
  • Ilta-Sanomat newspaper begins publication.
• 1936 - Lasipalatsi built.
• 1937 - Savoy hotel founded.
• 1938
  • May: Second International Aeronautic Exhibition held.
  • Helsinki-Malmi Airport and Stadium open.
  • Klaus Kurki hotel established.^[13]
  • Tennispalatsi built.
• 1939 - Bombing by Soviets.
• 1944
  • Bombing by Soviets.
  • Eero Rydman becomes mayor.
• 1946 - Haaga, Huopalahti, Kulosaari, and Oulunkylä become part of city.
• 1947 - Helsinki Swimming Stadium built.

1950s-1990s

• 1950
  • Linnanmäki amusement park opens.
  • Population: 368,519.
• 1951 - Marimekko founded.
• 1952
  • Helsinki Airport opens.
  • 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki.
• 1956 - becomes mayor.
• 1957 - Kansan Uutiset newspaper begins publication.
• 1960
  • Mosque established.^[14]
  • Lake Bodom murders occur.
• 1962
  • City hosts World Festival of Youth and Students.
  • Enzo-Gutzeit building constructed.
• 1964 - active.
• 1965
  • International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition begins.
  • Helsinki City Theatre established.^[15]
• 1966 - Helsinki Ice Hall opens.
• 1967 - Sibelius Monument unveiled.
• 1968
  • Teuvo Aura becomes mayor.
  • Helsinki Festival begins.
• 1969 - Temppeliaukio Church consecrated.
• 1970 - Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council created.^[16]
• 1971 - Finlandia Hall built.
• 1973 - Population: 510,614 city; 821,505 urban agglomeration.^[17]
• 1975
  • Helsinki Accords.^[18]
  • Helsinki Exhibition and Convention Centre built.
• 1979
  • Raimo Ilaskivi becomes mayor.
  • Lepakkoluola formed.
  • Helsinki Theatre Academy founded.
• 1980
  • Iltalehti newspaper begins publication.
  • Ring I highway constructed.
  • Population: 483,675.
• 1982
  • Helsinki Metro begins operating.^[19]
  • Sibelius Academy active.^[20]
• 1984 - Itäkeskus shopping mall built.
• 1986 - Mosque founded.^[21]
• 1989 - Night of the Arts begins.
• 1990 - Finnish National Gallery established.
• 1991
  • Linux software created by university student.
  • Kari Rahkamo becomes mayor.
• 1993
  • Helsinki Opera House opens.
  • National Defence College (Finland) established.
• 1995
  • Spårakoff pub tram begins operating.
  • Population: 515,765.
• 1996
  • Eva-Riitta Siitonen becomes mayor.
  • Helsinki Motor Show begins.
• 1997
  • Taloussanomat newspaper begins publication.
  • Hartwall Areena opens.
• 1998 - Kiasma museum inaugurated.^[22]
• 1999 - Finnkino Tennispalatsi (cinema) opens.^[23]

21st century

• 2002 - 11 October: Myyrmanni bombing occurs in nearby Vantaa.
• 2005 - Jussi Pajunen becomes mayor.^[24]
• 2007
  • Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences established.
  • Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences formed.
  • Eurovision Song Contest 2007 held.
• 2009
  • Helsinki Regional Transport Authority formed.
  • Kumpula Garden opens.
  • Prisma Itäkeskus shopping centre built.
• 2010 - Aalto University formed.
• 2011
  • Restaurant Day begins.
  • Sipoonkorpi National Park established.
  • Helsinki Music Centre built.
  • Helsinki Region Infoshare launched.^[25]
• 2012
  • Population: 596,233.
  • City designated World Design Capital.
• 2017
  • Jan Vapaavuori becomes mayor.^[26]

See also

• History of Helsinki
• Politics of Helsinki

References

This article incorporates information from the Finnish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

• • • Helsingfors . 13 . 252 . 1910 . . 1.
  • Web site: Helsinki's Shining Season . R.W. Apple Jr.. 16 July 2006. New York Times. .
    • 1905–1908, 5 vols.
      • • • • • • • • Book: William Henry Overall. Dictionary of Chronology. 1870. William Tegg. London. Helsingfors. 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=398. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=398.
• Book: I. Uschakoff. Suomi: hakemisto sisältävä maantieteellistilastollisia ja teollisuutta koskevia tietoja . Finland: Directory . Helsinki . https://books.google.com/books?id=oIQTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA15. 1898. . Helsinki . fi. .

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Helsinki, various dates.
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Helsinki, various dates

Notes and References

1. Book: Richard D. Lewis . Finland, Cultural Lone Wolf . 2005 . . 978-1-931930-49-9 . Finnish History: Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=3XZuLZYdDt0C&pg=PT168 . Richard D. Lewis .
2. Web site: Garden Search: Finland . . London . 30 September 2015 .
3. https://www.city.fi/opas/kaivohuone+helsingin+viihde-elamassa+jo+lahes+200+vuotta+myos+tana+kesana/11016 Kaivohuone Helsingin viihde-elämässä jo lähes 200 vuotta – myös tänä kesänä
4. Web site: History . Finnish National Gallery . 25 July 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111210224415/http://www.fng.fi/aboutfinnishnationalgallery/history . 10 December 2011 . dmy-all .
5. Book: Donna M. Di Grazia. Nineteenth-Century Choral Music . 2013. Routledge. 978-0-415-98852-0.
6. Book: American Library Annual . 1916 . . New York . Leading Libraries of the World: Russia and Finland . 477–478 . https://books.google.com/books?id=S03QAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA477 . Helsingfors .
7. Book: Europa World Year Book . 2004. . 978-1-85743-254-1 . Finland . https://books.google.com/books?id=wGA4o-UhAfgC&pg=PA1652 .
8. Book: . Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. 2003. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-00132-8 . Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list) . https://books.google.com/books?id=1DW1WyiooSMC&pg=PA275 .
9. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . 1885 . London . Macmillan and Co.. Russia . http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081590469?urlappend=%3Bseq=448 . Statesman's Year-Book . 2027/nyp.33433081590469?urlappend=%3Bseq=448 . Hunter . Brian . Paxton . John . Steinberg . S. H. . Epstein . Mortimer . Renwick . Isaac Parker Anderson . Keltie . John Scott . Martin . Frederick .
10. Web site: Hakasalmi Villa - History of the museum building . https://archive.today/20130213074453/http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/Kaupunginmuseo_en/Artikkeli_en?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=/Museo/en/Museums+-+Exhibitions/Hakasalmi+Villa/Hakasalmi+Villa+-+History+of+the+museum+building . dead . 13 February 2013 . City Museum . City of Helsinki . 25 July 2012 .
11. Book: Anthony F. Upton . The Finnish Revolution: 1917-1918. 1980. University of Minnesota Press. 978-0-8166-0905-5. Anthony F. Upton.
12. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . 1921 . London . Macmillan and Co.. Finland . http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=883 . HathiTrust . Statesman's Year-Book . 2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=883 .
13. Web site: History . Klaus K Hotel . 25 July 2012 . dead . https://archive.today/20130127195440/http://www.klauskhotel.com/en/history . 27 January 2013 . dmy-all .
14. Book: . Yearbook of Muslims in Europe . https://books.google.com/books?id=ia5AAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA240 . 2013 . 5. Brill . 978-90-04-25586-9 . Finland . etal.
15. Book: World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe . Don Rubin . 1994 . Routledge . 9780415251570 . Finland . 250+ . https://books.google.com/books?id=1fDaAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA250 . etal .
16. Book: Major Cities and Their Peripheries: Co-operation and Co-ordinated Management . 1993 . Local and Regional Authorities in Europe . 51 . Council of Europe Press . 978-92-871-2394-7.
17. Book: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm . Demographic Yearbook 1975 . 1976 . United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office . New York . Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants . 253–279 .
18. Book: Bernard A. Cook. Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia . 2013. Routledge . 978-1-135-17939-7 . Chronology of Major Political Events . https://books.google.com/books?id=kV-2AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT41 .
19. Web site: History of Helsinki (timeline) . City Museum . City of Helsinki . 30 September 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120418132942/http://www.hel.fi/wps/portal/Kaupunginmuseo_en/Artikkeli_en?WCM_GLOBAL_CONTEXT=%2FMuseo%2Fen%2FHistory+of+Helsinki . 18 April 2012 . dmy-all .
20. Book: Walter Rüegg .

    de:Walter Rüegg

    . History of the University in Europe . 4 . Universities Since 1945 . 2011. Cambridge University Press. 978-1-139-49425-0 . Universities founded in Europe between 1945 and 1995 . https://books.google.com/books?id=VCKRv1GiFqEC&pg=PA578 . 575–594 .
21. Book: Göran Larsson . Islam in the Nordic and Baltic Countries . 2009. Routledge. 978-1-134-01292-3.
22. Web site: Brief history of Helsinki . City of Helsinki . 30 September 2015 .
23. Web site: Movie Theaters in Helsinki, Finland . CinemaTreasures.org . Cinema Treasures LLC . Los Angeles . 30 September 2015 .
24. Web site: City of Helsinki Mayors 1922- . City of Helsinki . 30 September 2015 .
25. Web site: How Helsinki mashed up "open data" with regionalism . April 2014 . CitiScope . USA .
26. Web site: Kaupunginvaltuusto valitsi pormestarin ja apulaispormestarit . Helsingin kaupunki . 8 June 2017 .