Timeline of Grozny explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russia.

Prior to 20th century

• 1819 – Groznaya fort built by Russian Aleksey Petrovich Yermolov.
• 1870 – Grozny granted town status in Terek Oblast.
• 1876 – Population: 6,000 (approximate).
• 1893 – Oil discovered in Grozny area.
• 1897 – Population: 15,599.
• 1900 – Synagogue opens.^[1]

20th century

• 1913 – Population: 34,067.^[2]
• 1917 – Groznensky Rabochy newspaper begins publication.
• 1926 – Population: 97,000.
• 1928 – Grozny–Tuapse oil pipeline launched.
• 1929 – City becomes capital of the Chechen Autonomous Oblast.
• 1932 – Electric tramway begins operating.
• 1936 – Chechen-Ingush Philharmonic Society active.
• 1937 – Grozny Music College opens.
• 1938 – Grozny University founded.
• 1939 – Population: 175,000.
• 1944 – Vainakh people in North Caucasus expelled.
• 1946 – Stadium built.
• 1958 – August: 1958 Grozny riots.
• 1965 – Population: 314,000.^[3]
• 1973 – January: Ingush demonstrations at Lenin Square.^[4]
• 1977 – Grozny Airport terminal built.
• 1980 – Chechen State Teacher Training College founded.
• 1985 – Population: 393,000.^[5]
• 1991
  • City becomes capital of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.
  • Beslan Gantemirov becomes mayor.
  • Lenin Square renamed "Sheikh Mansur Square."
  • 9 November: Pro-Chechnya demonstration at Freedom Square.
• 1993 – 15 April: Demonstration against Dzhokhar Dudayev.
• 1994
  • 13 June: Conflict.
  • 15 October: "Opposition forces attack" city.
  • 26–27 November: Battle of Grozny.
  • 28 December: Battle of Khankala occurs near city.
  • 31 December: Battle of Grozny (1994–95) begins.
  • Population: 370,000 (estimate).
• 1995
  • January: Battle of Grozny.
  • 19 January: Presidential Palace captured by Russian forces.^[6]
  • Population: 60,000 (approximate).
• 1996
  • Presidential Palace, Grozny demolished.
  • May: Conflict.
  • 6–20 August: Battle of Grozny.^[7]
  • Mayor Beslan Gantemirov arrested for embezzlement.
  • Islamic Youth Centre opens (approximate date).^[8]
• 1997
  • City renamed "Dzokhar-Ghala."
  • June: Mayoral election declared invalid.^[9]
• 1999
  • 1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya.
  • 21 October: Grozny ballistic missile attack.
  • 3 December: Refugee convoy shooting occurs near city.
  • 25 December: Battle of Grozny (1999–2000) begins.^[10]
• 2000
  • 30 January: Mayor Lecha Dudayev killed.^[11]
  • February: Russian forces take city.^[12]
  • 5 February: Novye Aldi massacre occurs near city.
  • 14 February: City "sealed."^[13]
  • 2 March: Grozny OMON fratricide incident.
  • April: Land mines cleared; civilians begin returning to city.
  • Grozneftegaz oil company headquartered in Grozny.^[14]

21st century

• 2001 – 17 September: Mi-8 crash.
• 2002
  • 18 April: 2002 Grozny OMON ambush.
  • 30 June: Peace rally at Teatralnaya Square.
  • 19 August: 2002 Khankala Mi-26 crash near city.
  • 27 December: Truck bombing.
  • Population: 205,000.
• 2003 – Movsar Temirbayev becomes mayor.
• 2004
  • 9 May: Explosion at stadium; Akhmad Kadyrov killed.^[15]
  • 21–22 August: 2004 Grozny raid.
• 2006 – Population: 240,000 (estimate).^[16]
• 2007 – Muslim Khuchiyev becomes mayor.
• 2008
  • Akhmad Kadyrov Mosque opens.^[17]
  • 11 October: The 5.8 Chechnya earthquake shook the area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong). Damage was limited in Grozny, but 13 were killed and 116 were injured in the districts of Gudermes, Shalinsky and Kurchaloyevsky.
  • Victory Avenue renamed "Putin Avenue."^{[18] [19]}
• 2010
  • 19 October: Chechen Parliament attack.
  • Population: 271,600 (estimate).^[20]
• 2011 – Grozny-City Towers and Terek Stadium built.^[21]
• 2012
  • Islam Kadyrov becomes mayor.^[22]
  • Lermontov Drama Theatre rebuilt.^[23]
• 2013 – 3 April: Fire in Olympus Tower.^[24]
• 2014 – 4 December: 2014 Grozny clashes.
• 2015 – March: Rally in support of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation.^[25]

See also

• Grozny history (ru)
• Administrative divisions of Chechnya
• Other names of Grozny
• Timelines of other cities in the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia: Makhachkala

References

This article incorporates information from the Russian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in 19th–20th centuries

• • Book: Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon . Leipzig . . 1908 . de . 14th . Grosnyi . https://books.google.com/books?id=nYrNAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA347 .
• Groznyi . 12 . 638 . 1910 . . 1.

Published in 21st century

• News: New Violence May Cut Short Chechnya's Modest Progress . 12 May 2004 . Washington Post .
• Web site: In a Ruined City, Even the Rubble Is Taken From Them . Seth Mydans . 1 June 2004 . New York Times .
• Web site: Grozny, and Chechen History, being Reconstructed . C.J. Chivers . 19 October 2008 . New York Times .
• Book: I. Demchenko . 2013 . The Illusion of Peace: The Reconstruction of Grozny and the New Chechen Identity . New Cities in the Muslim World . Sarah Moser . London . Reaktion . 978-94-007-4684-8 .
• Web site: Grozny's makeover can't mask Chechen menace . Margaret Evans . 11 February 2013 . . Canadian Broadcasting Corporation .

External links

• Web site: Грозный . Yulia Vishnevets . Grozny . 26 March 2007 . (photos of city)
• Web site: Post-conflict Restoration of the City of Grozny . https://archive.today/20130705172325/http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=9124&catid=463&typeid=2&ContentByTheme=277 . 2013-07-05 . 2009 . City of Grozny .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Grozny . . 21 April 2013.
2. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . Statesman's Year-Book . 1921 . London . Macmillan and Co.. Russia: Principal Towns: Caucasia . 2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1282 . http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1282 .
3. Book: Demographic Yearbook 1965 . 1966 . . New York . Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants .
4. Book: Russia, the Ingush-Ossetian Conflict in the Prigorodnyi Region . Human Rights Watch . 1996 . 1-56432-165-7 . registration .
5. Book: 1985 Demographic Yearbook . 1987 . United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office . New York . Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants . 247–289 .
6. Chechnia: The Empire Strikes Back . Bogdan Szajkowski . GeoJournal . 37 . 1995 .
7. News: Chechnya Profile: Timeline . 24 May 2012 . BBC News . 21 April 2013.
8. Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Islamisation of the Chechen Separatist Movement . Julie Wilhelmsen . Europe-Asia Studies . 57 . 2005 .
9. Web site: Grozny Elections Declared Invalid . 3 June 1997 . .
10. Web site: Chechen rebels told to surrender . 2 February 2000 . BBC News .
11. Web site: Chechen Rebels Report Loss of 3 Commanders . 2 February 2000 . Los Angeles Times .
12. Web site: 'Nothing Is Left' in Grozny, Returning Refugees Discover . 12 February 2000 . New York Times .
13. Web site: Russians Order Grozny Residents To Leave, Sealing Off Ruined City . 15 February 2000 . New York Times .
14. Web site: Grozneftegaz . . 21 April 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130511122157/http://rosneft.com/Upstream/ProductionAndDevelopment/southern_russia/grozneftegaz/ . 11 May 2013 .
15. Web site: Chechnya Bomb Kills President, a Blow to Putin . 10 May 2004 . New York Times .
16. Web site: Spring rebuilding in Chechnya . 3 May 2006 . C.J. Chivers . C.J. Chivers . New York Times .
17. Islam in Russia . Alexei V. Malashenko . Aziza Nuritova . Social Research . 76 . 2009 .
18. Web site: A Chechen avenue is named for Putin . 6 October 2008 . New York Times .
19. News: The Wild South: Russia's treatment of its republics in the Caucasus has turned them into tinderboxes . 27 November 2008 . . London .
20. Web site: Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants . Demographic Yearbook 2011 . 2012 . .
21. Web site: Gleaming City Rising From Ruins Can't Hide Psychic Scars of a War . Seth Mydans . 5 October 2011 . New York Times .
22. Book: Territories of the Russian Federation 2013 . Routledge . 2013 . 978-1-85743-675-4 .
23. Web site: Chechen drama theatre starts new season . 21 March 2012 . .
24. Web site: Chechnya skyscraper on fire . 4 April 2013 . The Guardian . UK .
25. Web site: . Week in the Caucasus: review of main events of March 16–22 . 23 March 2015 .