Timeline of Essen explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Essen, Germany.

Prior to 19th century

• 845 – Essen Abbey founded (approximate date).
• 971 – Mathilde, granddaughter of Otto I becomes abbess of Essen Abbey.
• 1012 – Sophia, daughter of Otto II becomes abbottess of the Essen Stift.
• 1041 – Essen receives rights to a market.
• 1244 – The association of the ministeriales of the Essen Abbey and the citizens of the town of Essen arrange for the to be erected.
• 1316 – Essen Minster (church) dedicated.
• 1390 – Essener Schützenverein (militia) formed.^[1]
• 1598 – Borbeck Castle rebuilt.
• 1736 – Neueste Essendische Nachrichten von Staats- und Gelehrten Sachen (Newest Essen News of State and Learned Matters) newspaper begins publication.
• 1797 – bookseller in business.

19th century

• 1802 – Area occupied by Prussian troops.
• 1803
  • Essen Abbey secularized.
  • Franz Dinnendahl builds steam engine.
• 1810 – Krupp foundry in business.
• 1814 – Town becomes part of Prussia.
• 1822 – Town becomes part of the Rhine Province.
• 1841 – Simon Hirschland Bank in business.
• 1847 – Essen-Bergeborbeck station opens.
• 1849 – Population: 8,813.^[2]
• 1851 – Zollverein Coal Mine begins operating.
• 1862 – Essen Hauptbahnhof and Essen-Borbeck station open.
• 1866 – Fredebeul & Koenen booksellers in business.^[3]
• 1870 – Synagogue consecrated.
• 1871 – Town becomes part of the German Empire.
• 1872 – Neu-Westend developed.^[4]
• 1873 – Villa Hügel (Krupp residence) built.
• 1875 – Population: 54,790.
• 1880 – Historical Society for the City and Convent of Essen founded.
• 1881
  • Essener Turnerbund athletic club formed.
  • Beiträge zur Geschichte von Stadt und Stift Essen (journal of city history) begins publication.
• 1886 – Photographische Genossenschaft von Essen (photography group) founded.^[5]

• 1892 – City Theatre opens.^[6]
• 1893
  • Electric tram begins operating.
  • Rhenish-Westphalian Coal Syndicate headquartered in Essen.
• 1898 – Krupp's Essener Hof (hotel) built.
• 1899 – Essen Philharmonic Orchestra founded.^[7]

20th century

1900s–1940s

• 1901
  • Folkwang Museum founded.
  • Heinrich Koppers AG in business.
• 1905 – Population: 229,270.
• 1906
  • Essen Art Museum founded.
  • Gartenstadt Margarethenhöhe developed.
• 1908 – Moltkeviertel development begins.
• 1913
  • New Synagogue built.^[8]
  • Albrecht's shop in business (later Aldi chain supermarket).
• 1920 – Consulate of Poland opens.^[9]
• 1922 – Uhlenkrugstadion (stadium) built.

• 1923
  • Rot-Weiss Essen football club active.
  • French troops enter the city.
• 1924 – Filmstudio Glückauf (cinema) opens.
• 1925 – Essen/Mülheim Airport opens.
• 1927 – Grugapark Botanical Garden^{[10] [11]} and Folkwang School for the arts open.
• 1928 – Lichtburg Playhouse (cinema) opens.^[12]
• 1929 – Werden becomes part of city.
• 1932 – Zollverein Mine Shaft 12 built.
• 1933 – Theodor Reismann-Grone becomes mayor.
• 1936 – Consulate of Poland relocated to Düsseldorf.^[9]
• 1937 – Just Dillgardt becomes mayor.
• 1939 – Stadion an der Hafenstraße (stadium) built.
• 1942 – March: Bombing of Essen by Allied forces begins.
• 1944
  • 2 January: Schwarze Poth forced labour camp established by the SS. Its prisoners were mostly Russians and Poles.^[13]
  • 17 May: Schwarze Poth forced labour camp converted into a subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp.^[13]
  • August: Humboldtstraße subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Jewish women.^[14]
• 1945
  • March: Schwarze Poth and Humboldtstraße subcamps of Buchenwald dissolved. Prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.^{[13] [14]}
  • March: Bombing of Essen by Allied forces ends.
• 1946 – City becomes part of North Rhine-Westphalia.
• 1948
  • Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
  • Labour strike.
• 1949
  • Essen I, Essen II, and Essen III parliamentary districts created.
  • Hans Toussaint becomes mayor.

1950s–1990s

• 1951 – Amerikahaus built.
• 1957 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Essen founded.^[15]
• 1958 – Grugahalle sports arena opens.
• 1961 – Sammlung Industrieform (museum) opens.^[16]
• 1962 – City hosts the 1962 European Judo Championships.
• 1965
  • City hosts Bundesgartenschau (national horticulture biennial).^[17]
  • Little Theatre founded.
• 1968 – Essen Motor Show begins.

• 1975 – Kettwig becomes part of city.
• 1979 – Essen City Hall built.
• 1983 – Spiel, world's biggest non-electronic game trade fair begins.
• 1988 – Aalto Theatre opens.^[18]
• 1989 – Annette Jäger becomes mayor.
• 1991 – Offener Kanal Essen television begins broadcasting.
• 1993 – City hosts the 1993 World Fencing Championships.
• 1994 – Stratmanns Theater Europahaus opens.
• 1996 – GOP Varieté Essen theatre opens.
• 1997 – Red Dot Design Museum active.
• 1999
  • ThyssenKrupp conglomerate headquartered in city.
  • Wolfgang Reiniger becomes mayor.
• 2000 – SGS Essen football club formed.

21st century

• 2001 – Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex becomes a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• 2002 – Abu Ali group, a jihadist cell with plans to bomb Jewish sites in Germany was arrested by the authorities
• 2003 – University of Duisburg-Essen established.
• 2009 – Reinhard Paß elected mayor.
• 2010 – City designated that year's European Capital of Culture on behalf of the entire Ruhr area.
• 2012
  • Stadion Essen (stadium) opens.
  • Population: 566,862.
• 2014 – June: Storm.
• 2017 - City designated that year's European Green Capital.

See also

• History of Essen
  • History of the Ruhr, includes timeline
• Urbanization in the German Empire
• Timelines of other cities in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:^(de) Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Dortmund, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Münster

Bibliography

in English

• Book: . London . 1877 . Handbook for North Germany . Essen . https://archive.org/stream/handbookfornort00firgoog#page/n200/mode/2up.
  • • Essen . 9 . 778 - 779 . 1.
• Social Continuity and Political Radicalization: Essen in the World War I Era . Eric D. Weitz . Social Science History . 9. 1 . 1985. 1170918. 10.1017/s0145553200020307 . 49–69. none.
• Book: John M. Jeep. Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. 2001. . 0-8240-7644-3. Essen. none.
• Book: Gavriel David Rosenfeld. Gavriel David Rosenfeld. Paul B. Jaskot. Beyond Berlin: Twelve German Cities Confront the Nazi Past. 2008. https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/005671274 . HathiTrust. University of Michigan Press . USA . 978-0-472-11611-9. Inventing Industrial Culture in Essen . K. James-Chakraborty . 116+. none. (fulltext)

in German

• • Book: Paul Clemen. Paul Clemen. . Schwann. 2. Kunstdenkmäler der Stadt und des Kreises Essen. Dusseldorf. 1893. de. none.
• Book: Industriestadt Essen in Wort und Bild. 1902. T. Kellen . de . Essen-Ruhr . Fredebeul & Koenen. none.
• Book: P. Krauss . E. Uetrecht. Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas . Meyer's Atlas of German Cities. 1913. Bibliographisches Institut. Leipzig. de. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009018394. Essen. none.

External links

• • Europeana. Items about Essen, various dates.

Notes and References

1. Book: Hermann Tallau . Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen . 2008. Mecke Druck und Verlag . Duderstadt . 978-3-936617-85-6 . de . Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392 . https://books.google.com/books?id=MnyAc2VzNXwC&pg=PA67 .
2. Essen . 9 . 778 - 779 .
3. Book: Allgemeines Adreßbuch für den deutschen Buchhandel ... 1870 . 1870. O.A. Schulz . Leipzig . de .
4. Social Work at the Krupp Foundries, Essen, A. R., Germany . Samuel M. Lindsay . Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science . 3 . 74–106 . 1892 . 1008598 .
5. Book: Königliche Museen zu Berlin. Kunsthandbuch für Deutschland . 6th . de . 1904. Georg Reimer.
6. Book: Neuer Theater Almanach . 1909. Gunther & Sohn . Berlin . de . 2027/uva.x030515383 .
7. Book: Colin Lawson. Colin Lawson. Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. 2003. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-00132-8 . Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list) . https://books.google.com/books?id=1DW1WyiooSMC&pg=PA275 .
8. Book: Shmuel Spector . Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust . 2001 . NYU Press. 978-0-8147-9376-3 . USA . Essen . 370 .
9. Book: Chałupczak, Henryk. Kaczmarek. Ryszard. Masnyk. Marek. 2004. Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939. pl. Katowice. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. 20. Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego).
10. Web site: History . Grugapark Essen . 1 December 2013.
11. Web site: Garden Search: Germany . . London . 30 September 2015 .
12. Web site: Movie Theaters in Essen, Germany . CinemaTreasures.org . Cinema Treasures LLC . Los Angeles . 1 December 2013 .
13. Web site: Essen (Schwarze Poth). aussenlager-buchenwald.de. 8 August 2022. de.
14. Web site: Essen (Humboldtstraße). aussenlager-buchenwald.de. 8 August 2022. de.
15. Web site: Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany . Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) . Norway . 30 September 2015 .
16. Book: Paul Betts. The Authority of Everyday Objects: A Cultural History of West German Industrial Design. 2004. University of California Press. 978-0-520-94135-9.
17. Web site: Bisherige Gartenschauen . de . Previous Garden Shows . Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft . Bonn . 2 December 2013.
18. Book: Don Rubin . World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre . 1: Europe . 2001 . Routledge . 9780415251570 . registration .