Timeline of Durban explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Durban in the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.

19th century

• 1824 - British settlement of Port Natal established on land "acquired...through treaties with the Zulu king Shaka."
• 1835 - Settlement renamed "D'Urban" after British colonial administrator Benjamin D'Urban.
• 1839
  • A small British military force was stationed at the port.
  • On its withdrawal Dutch emigrants from the Cape took possession and proclaimed the Natalia Republic.
• 1841 - Printing press in operation (approximate date).^[1]
• 1842
  • A British military force reoccupied Durban.
  • Treaty signed by the Dutch recognizing British sovereignty.
• 1846 - "Native reserves" created.
• 1851 - Natal Times newspaper begins publication.
• 1852 - Mercury newspaper begins publication.
• 1854
  • "First Town Council, consisting of 8 members representing four wards" created.
  • George Cato becomes mayor.
  • Natal Bank in business.
  • D'Urban Club formed.
• 1860
  • 26 June: Natal Railway (Market Square-Customs Point) begins operating in Durban.http://www.metrorail.co.za/History.html
  • Indian workers begin to arrive in Durban.
• 1863 - Population: approximately 5,000 (3,390 white, 1,380 black and 230 Asian).
• 1865 - Sites for Albert Park and Victoria Park established.
• 1866 - Durban High School was founded.
• 1870 - Durban Fire Department founded.
• 1880 - Magazine Barracks built.
• 1882 - Durban High School for Girls was founded.
• 1885 - Town Hall built.
• 1887 - Durban Girls' College was founded.
• 1888 - Lord's cricket ground established.
• 1889 - Natal cricket team formed.
• 1896 - Population: 31,877.
• 1899 - Maris Stella School was founded.

20th century

1900s-1950s

• 1902 - Electric tram begins operating.
• 1903
  • Utrecht and Vryheid become part of city.
  • Indian Opinion newspaper begins publication.
• 1904
  • Zulu Ilanga lase Natal newspaper begins publication.^[2]
  • Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi establishes settlement at Phoenix.
  • Population: 67,842.
• 1908 - Union Whaling Station begins operating.
• 1910
  • Durban becomes part of newly formed Union of South Africa.
  • Glenwood High School was founded.
• 1911 - Population: 69,187 (31,783 white, 17,784 black, 19,620 Asian).^[3]
• 1914 - newspaper begins publication.^[4]
• 1921
  • Clairwood Shree Siva Soobramoniar Temple built.
  • Comrades Marathon (Pietermaritzburg-Durban) begins.^[5]
• 1923 - Kingsmead Cricket Ground in use.
• 1924 - Clifton School was founded.
• 1926 - Memorial Cenotaph unveiled in Farewell Square.
• 1929 - St. Henry's Marist College was founded.
• 1931 - Natal University College Durban campus established.
• 1935 - Durban officially gained its city status.
• 1946 - Population: 338,817 city.^[6]
• 1949
  • Anti-Indian riot.
  • Electric tram stops operating.
• 1950 - Parliamentary Group Areas Act leads to urban apartheid.
• 1951 - November: World premiere of feature film Cry, the Beloved Country.
• 1953 - Northlands High School for Girls was founded.
• 1958 - Kings Park Stadium opens.

1960s-1990s

• 1960
  • Ukhozi FM radio begins broadcasting.
  • African Art Centre established.^[7]
  • Population: 560,010 city; 681,492 metro.^[8]
• 1961
  • University College for Indians established on Salisbury Island.
  • Durban becomes part of the new Republic of South Africa.
• 1965 - Cinerama Theatre opens.^[9]
• 1966 - Brettonwood High School was founded.
• 1968 - Durban Heights water reservoir begins operating.
• 1970 - Population: 736,853 city; 850,946 metro.^[10]
• 1972 - University of Durban-Westville opens.
• 1973 - 1973 Durban strikes
• 1977 - Durban Container Terminal begins operating at the Port of Durban.
• 1978 - 8 January: Academic Rick Turner assassinated.^[11]
• 1985
  • Anti-Indian unrest.
  • 23 December: Amanzimtoti bombing occurs near Durban.
  • Population: 634,301 city; 982,075 metro.^[12]
• 1986 - 14 June: Durban beach-front bombing occurs.
• 1990
  • "Separate Amenities Act was repealed, thus opening up Durban’s facilities to all races."
  • Northwood School was founded.
• 1991 - Population: 715,669 city; 1,137,378 metro.^[13]
• 1993
  • June: 1993 African Championships in Athletics held in Durban.
  • Pavilion shopping centre in business in Westville.
• 1995 - Sharks (rugby union) formed.
• 1996
  • Part of 1996 Africa Cup of Nations football contest played in Durban.
  • Obed Mlaba becomes mayor.
  • City website Durban.gov.za launched (approximate date).^[14]
  • Population: 669,242.^[15]
• 1997 - International Convention Centre opens.
• 1998 - September: International summit of the Non-Aligned Movement held in city.
• 1999 - November: Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1999 held in city.
• 2000
  • July: XIII International AIDS Conference, 2000 held in city.
  • 5 December: South African municipal elections, 2000 held.
  • Durban becomes seat of newly created eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality.

21st century

• 2001
  • UN World Conference against Racism 2001 held in city.^[16]
  • Population: 536,644 city.
  • Gateway shopping centre in business in nearby Umhlanga.
• 2002
  • 6 February: 2002 Charlotte's Dale train collision occurs in vicinity of Durban.
  • 9 July: African Union launched in Durban.
• 2003
  • Dolphins cricket team formed.
  • Part of 2003 Cricket World Cup played in Durban.
• 2004
  • University of KwaZulu-Natal established.
  • uShaka Marine World theme park in business.
• 2005 - 19 March: Demonstration at Kennedy Road shack settlement.
• 2006
  • February: Strike at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
  • 1 March: South African municipal elections, 2006 held.
• 2007 - Eden College was founded.
• 2008 - Ulwazi Programme for local history launched.^[17]
• 2009
  • 24 September: Airplane crash occurs.
  • 26 September: Ethnic attack on Kennedy Road shack settlement.
  • Moses Mabhida Stadium opens in Stamford Hill.
• 2010
  • King Shaka International Airport opens.
  • Part of 2010 FIFA World Cup football contest played in Durban.
  • Field Band Academy founded.
• 2011
  • 18 May: South African municipal elections, 2011 held.
  • November–December: 2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference held in city.
  • James Nxumalo becomes mayor.^[18]
  • Population: 595,061 city;^[19] 3,442,361 metro.
• 2013
  • March: International 5th BRICS summit held in city.
  • Part of 2013 Africa Cup of Nations football contest played in Durban.
• 2016
  • 3 August: South African municipal elections, 2016 held.
  • 2016 African Championships in Athletics held in city.
  • Zandile Gumede becomes mayor.
• 2017 - March: Durban bid for the 2022 Commonwealth Games rejected.

See also

• Durban history (fr)
• List of mayors of Durban
• Timelines of other cities in South Africa: Cape Town, Johannesburg, Pietermaritzburg, Port Elizabeth, Pretoria

Bibliography

published in 19th-20th centuries

• Book: Colony of Natal: an official illustrated handbook and railway guide . London . J. Forsyth Ingram . 1895. Durban. https://archive.org/stream/colonyofnataloff00ingr#page/92/mode/2up.
  • Book: W. P. M. Henderson . Durban: Fifty Years' Municipal History . Robinson & Co. . Durban . 1904. .
• Book: Twentieth Century Impressions of Natal: Its People, Commerce, Industries, and Resources. Lloyd's Greater Britain Publishing Company . . 1906. .
• Durban . 8 . 696 - 697 . 1910 . . 1.
• Durban . 30 . 868 . 1.
• Book: Leo Kuper . Hilstan Watts . Ronald Davies . Durban: A study in racial ecology . Jonathan Cape . 958188774 . 1958. Leo Kuper .
• P. Maylam . Shackled by the Contradictions: The Municipal Response to African Urbanization in Durban, c. 1920-1950 . African Urban Studies . 0736-6760 . Michigan State University . 1982.
• PhD . The question of 'Indian penetration' in the Durban area and Indian politics, 1940-1946 . Dowlat Ramdas Bagwandeen . University of Natal . 1983. 10413/8711 .
  • R. Posel . Durban Ricksha Pullers' Strikes of 1918 and 1930 . Journal of Natal and Zulu History . 8 . 85–106 . University of Natal . 0259-0123 . 1985. 10.1080/02590123.1985.11964240 .
• Book: Anthony Lemon . Homes Apart: South Africa's Segregated Cities . Indiana University Press . 0-253-33321-0 . 1991. Durban . R.J. Davies .
• PhD . Timothy Andrew Nuttall . Class, race and nation: African politics in Durban, 1929-1949 . University of Oxford . 1991.
• Beyond the Frontier of Control: Trade Unionism and the Labour Market in the Durban Docks . David Hemson . Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa . 0258-7696 . University of Natal . 30 . . 1996.

• Book: Paul Maylam. Iain Edwards . The People's City: African Life in Twentieth-century Durban . University of Natal Press . 978-0-86980-934-1 . 1996.
• The apartheid city and its labouring class: African workers and the independent trade union movement in Durban, 1959-1985 . Nelson Tozivaripi Sambureni . PhD . University of South Africa . . 1997.

published in 21st century

• Contrasts in Urban Segregation: A Tale of Two African Cities, Durban (South Africa) and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) . Bill Freund . . 27 . 3 . 527–546 . 2001 . 823314 . . 10.1080/13632430120074572 . 17650571 . 37285422 .
• Citizenship and the city: the Durban centre-city in 2000 . Antoine Bouillon . Transformation . 0258-7696 . University of Natal . 48 . African e-Journals Project . 2002.
• Book: (D)urban Vortex: South African City in Transition . Bill Freund . Vishnu Padayachee . University of Natal Press . 2002.
  • Web site: Durban . Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003 . United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London . 2003 .
• Book: Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History . . Dickson Eyoh . Routledge . 0415234794 . 2003 . Durban, South Africa. Cherl Hendricks. .
  • Book: Encyclopedia of African History . Fitzroy Dearborn . 978-1-57958-245-6 . . 2005. Durban. Aran S. MacKinnon. .
• Book: . . Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-517055-9 . 2nd . 2005 . Durban . Kate Tuttle . . registration .
• Book: Bill Freund. The African City: A History . Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-52792-7 . 2007. Globalisation and the African city: Touba, Abidjan, Durban . 177+ .
  • Book: Ralph Callebert. On Durban's Docks: Zulu Workers, Rural Households, Global Labor. 2017. University of Rochester Press. Rochester NY. 9781580469074.

External links

• Web site: (Durban) . Digital Innovation South Africa . 225596326 . University of KwaZulu-Natal . (Articles, images etc.)
• Web site: South African History Online . Cape Town . Places: Durban .
• Web site: Registry: (Durban) . . Rondebosch . (Directory of South African archival and memory institutions and organisations)
• Web site: (Durban) . . (Bibliography)
• Web site: (Durban) . Connecting-Africa . . Leiden, Netherlands . (Bibliography)
• Web site: (Durban) . . . 15 January 2019 . Germany . (Bibliography)
• Web site: (Durban) . . (Images, etc.)
• Web site: (Durban) . . (Images, etc.)
• Web site: (Durban) . . UK . (Bibliography of open access articles)

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Notes and References

1. Birth of Printing in South Africa . Alan Charles Gore Lloyd . The Library: A Quarterly Review of Bibliography and Library Lore . . . London . 5 . 0024-2160 . . 1914 . 31–43 . 2027/mdp.39015014978228?urlappend=%3Bseq=45 . Incuadi yesibini yabafundayo .
2. Book: Famous First Facts . 2000 . H.W. Wilson Co. . Steven Anzovin and Janet Podell . 0824209583 . registration .
3. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . 1921 . London . Macmillan and Co.. British Empire: Province of Natal . https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=282 . . Statesman's Year-Book . 2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=282 .
4. Web site: Indian Newspapers in KwaZulu-Natal – 150 years of Indian Journalism . Ulwazi Programme . 4 November 2015 . en, zu . eThekwini Municipality . 27 September 2017 .
5. Web site: . Cape Town . Durban Timeline 1497-1990 . 27 September 2017 .
6. Book: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1950_round.htm . Demographic Yearbook 1955 . . New York . Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants . 171–184 .
7. Web site: Southern Africa, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events . Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . . New York . 25 September 2017 .
8. Book: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm . Demographic Yearbook 1965 . 1966 . Statistical Office of the United Nations . New York . Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants . 140–161 .
9. Web site: Movie Theaters in Durban, South Africa . CinemaTreasures.org . Cinema Treasures LLC . Los Angeles . 25 September 2017 .
10. Book: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1980_round.htm . Demographic Yearbook 1980 . United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office . New York . Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants . 225–252 .
11. Book: Jacqueline Audrey Kalley. Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. 1999. Greenwood . 978-0-313-30247-3. etal.
12. Book: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm . 1995 Demographic Yearbook . 1997 . United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division . New York . Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants . 262–321 .
13. Book: Africa South of the Sahara 2003 . Regional Surveys of the World . . 2003 . 0065-3896 . South Africa . 9781857431315 .
14. Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/19960329080010/http://www.durban.gov.za/ . Durban.gov.za . dead . 29 March 1996 . Durban Metro Council . . Local Government - Durban - South Africa .
15. Web site: Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants . Demographic Yearbook 2012 . 2013 . .
16. News: South Africa profile: Timeline . 25 September 2017 . . 9 July 2011 .
17. Web site: About . Ulwazi Programme . 26 October 2009 . en, zu . eThekwini Municipality . Durban Local History Museums . 27 September 2017 .
18. Web site: South African mayors . London . City Mayors.com . City Mayors Foundation 25 September 2017 .
19. Web site: Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants . Demographic Yearbook 2015 . 2016 . United Nations Statistics Division .