Timeline of Dakar explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Dakar, Senegal.

Prior to 20th century

• 1857
  • Gorée merchants settle in Dakar.
  • French build fort on Dakar Point.
• 1862 – "Master plan for Dakar is drafted by Émile Pinet-Laprade."
• 1863
  • Streets named.
  • Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Senegambia established.^[1]
• 1867 - Port was opened for commerce.
• 1872 – Town becomes part of the commune of Gorée.
• 1878 – Population: 1,600.
• 1885
  • Rue Blanchot mosque built (approximate date).^[2]
  • Opening of the Dakar–Saint-Louis railway (163 miles long).
• 1887
  • Dakar commune formed.
  • Jean Alexandre becomes mayor.
• 1891 – Population: 8,737.
• 1900 – "Military seaport" built.

20th century

1900s–1950s

• 1902 – Capital of French West Africa moved to Dakar from Saint-Louis.
• 1903 – created.^[3]
• 1904
  • Avenue Gambetta, Avenue de la Liberté, and Boulevard de la République open.
  • Population: 18,447.
• 1905 – Brest-Dakar telegraph in operation.
• 1907
  • built.^[4]
  • L'A.O.F. newspaper begins publication.
• 1908 – Harbor constructed.
• 1913
  • Democratie du Senegal newspaper begins publication.
  • National Archives of Senegal formed.^[5]
• 1914
  • Train station opens.
  • Bubonic plague epidemic.
• 1918
  • French West Africa School of Medicine established.
  • Population: 25,468.^[6]
• 1920 – Blaise Diagne becomes mayor.
• 1921 – Population: 32,440.
• 1924 – Dakar–Niger Railway begins operating.^[7]
• 1926 – Population: 33,679.
• 1929
  • Gorée annexed to Dakar.
  • formed.
• 1933
  • Paris-Dakar newspaper begins publication.
  • Foyer France Sénégal football club formed.
• 1934 – Armand-Pierre Angrand becomes mayor.
• 1936 – Catholic Cathédrale du Souvenir africain de Dakar inaugurated.^[8]
• 1938 - Institut Français d’Afrique Noire and museum founded.
• 1940 - Battle of Dakar.
• 1940s – photo studio in business.^[9]
• 1944 – Thiaroye Massacre.
• 1950 – Cours Sainte Marie de Hann founded.
• 1957 – University of Dakar established.
• 1959
  • City becomes capital of Mali Federation.
  • French Cultural Centre created.

1960s–1990s

• 1960 – movement active.
• 1961
  • newspaper begins publication.
  • Population: 374,700 urban agglomeration.^[10]
• 1962 – House of Slaves (Gorée) museum opens.
• 1963
  • December: Political demonstration; crackdown.^[11]
  • Borom Sarret film released (set in Dakar).
• 1964 - Dakar Grand Mosque built.
• 1966
  • Daniel Sorano Theatre opens (approximate date).^[12]
  • Amity Stadium opens (approximate date).
  • World Festival of Black Arts held.^{[13] [14]}
• 1969 – Population: 581,000 urban agglomeration.^[15]
• 1970
  • Le Soleil newspaper begins publication.
  • Club Baobab opens.^[16]
• 1972 – Enda Third World and Centre Culturel Régional Blaise Senghor^[17] established.
• 1973 – Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa headquartered in Dakar.
• 1974 – Laboratoire Agit'Art (art group) formed.
• 1975 – Association Nationale des Bibliothécaires, Archivistes et Documentalistes Senegalais headquartered in city.
• 1978 – Dakar Rally motor vehicle race begins.
• 1984
  • Mamadou Diop becomes mayor.
  • WalFadjri newspaper begins publication.
• 1989
  • May: Meeting of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie held in city.
  • opens.
  • Ethnic violence.
• 1990
  • Dakar Biennale begins.
  • Public library established.
  • art movement develops.
  • Population: 1,405,000 (urban agglomeration).
• 1993
  • Sud Quotidien begins publication.
  • West African Research Center established.
• 1994
  • Henriette-Bathily Women's Museum opens.
  • Kermel market burns down.
• 1995 – Population: 1,688,000 (urban agglomeration).
• 1996
  • Municipal administration divided into 19 communes d'arrondissement: Biscuiterie, Cambérène, Dieuppeul-Derklé, Fann-Point E-Amitié, Gueule Tapée-Fass-Colobane, Gorée, Grand Yoff, Grand Dakar, Hann Bel-Air, HLM, Médina, Mermoz-Sacré-Cœur, Ngor, Ouakam, Parcelles Assainies, Patte d'Oie, Dakar-Plateau, Sicap-Liberté, and Yoff.^(fr)
  • City becomes part of Dakar Department, Dakar Region.
  • Musée des Forces Armées Senegalaise established.
• 1997
  • Media Centre de Dakar in operation.^[18]
  • Mosquée de la Divinité built.
• 1998 – Doole community exchange system established.^[19]
• 1999 – begins.
• 2000 – Population: 2,029,000 (urban agglomeration).

21st century

• 2001 – Student protests.^[20]
• 2002 – Pape Diop becomes mayor.
• 2003
  • Le Quotidien newspaper begins publication.
  • West Africa Democracy Radio begins broadcasting.
  • Meeting of the Association Internationale des Maires Francophones held in city.
  • Closure of the Dakar–Saint-Louis railway, (approx date)
• 2005 – Population: 2,434,000 (urban agglomeration),^[21] 1,030,594 (city).
• 2006 – City hosts African Swimming Championships.
• 2007 – June: Economic protest.^[22]
• 2008 - Raw Material Company (art space) founded.^[23]
• 2009
  • City website online (approximate date).^[24]
  • Khalifa Sall becomes mayor.^[25]
• 2010 – African Renaissance Monument dedicated.^[26]
• 2011
  • City hosts World Social Forum and ICANN conference.^[27]
  • Google office in business.^[28]
  • Population: 3,035,000.^[29]
• 2013
  • June: U.S. President Obama visits city.^[30]
  • Air pollution in Dakar reaches annual mean of 34 PM2.5 and 141 PM10, much higher than recommended.
• 2014
  • November: Meeting of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie held in city.
  • installed.

See also

• Dakar history (fr)
• List of mayors of Dakar
  • • Timeline of Saint-Louis, Senegal

References

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

published in 20th century

• Dakar . 7 . 762 . 1910 . . 1.
• Dakar and the Other Cape Verde Settlements . Derwent Whittlesey . 1941 . Geographical Review . 31 . 4 . 609–638 . 210502 . . 10.2307/210502 .
• Establishment of the Medina in Dakar, Senegal, 1914 . Raymond F. Betts . April 1971 . Africa: Journal of the International African Institute . 1159424 . 41 . 2 . 143–152 . 10.2307/1159424. 143324799 . .
• M. Diouf. (1999). "Urban youth and Senegalese politics: Dakar 1988-1994", In J. Holston, ed., Cities and Citizenship. Durham, NC: Duke University Press

published in 21st century

• Dakar Wolof and the Configuration of an Urban Identity . Fiona McLaughlin . 2001 . . 14 . 2 . .
• Book: Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History . Dickson Eyoh and Paul Tiyambe Zeleza . Routledge . 2003 . 978-0415234795 . Dakar . https://books.google.com/books?id=qjolgQhpFtoC.
• Book: . Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience . 2005 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-517055-9 . 2nd . Dakar . 304 . https://books.google.com/books?id=TMZMAgAAQBAJ .
• Book: Encyclopedia of African History . Fitzroy Dearborn . 978-1-57958-245-6 . . 2005. Dakar.
• Defining the Urban: The Construction of French-Dominated Colonial Dakar, 1857-1940 . David Nelson . . 33 . 2 . 225–255 . 41299411 . 2007. .
• Book: Gyan Prakash and Kevin Michael Kruse . Spaces of the Modern City: Imaginaries, Politics, and Everyday Life . Princeton University Press . 978-0-691-13343-0 . 2008 . (Re)Imagining an African city: performing culture, arts, and citizenship in Dakar (Senegal), 1980-2000 . Mamadou Diouf . https://books.google.com/books?id=rDGd7HDMFp4C . 346+ .
  • Book: Liora Bigon . . Garden Cities and Colonial Planning . https://books.google.com/books?id=XLSkDAAAQBAJ . Manchester University Press. 978-1-5261-0678-0 . 2014. From metropolitan to colonial planning: Dakar between garden city and cité-jardin .
  • Book: Miguel Bosa Suirez. Atlantic Ports and the First Globalisation C. 1850–1930 . Palgrave Macmillan. 978-1-137-32798-7 . 2014. Port of Dakar: Technological Evolution, Management and Commercial Activity . Daniel Castillo Hidalgo .
• Book: Liora Bigon. French Colonial Dakar: the Morphogenesis of an African Regional Capital . Manchester University Press. 978-1-78499-786-1 . 2016. . (Includes timeline)

in French

• Book: Ch. Brossard. fr. Géographie pittoresque et monumentale de la France. Flammarion. Paris. Colonies françaises. 1906. Afrique occidentale française: Senegal: Description des villes: Dakar. . 2027/mdp.39015005579753. (+ table of contents)
• Book: Claude Faure . Histoire de la presqu'ile du Cap Vert et des origines de Dakar . Paris . Emile Larose . fr . 1914.
• Book: Jacques Charpy . La Fondation De Dakar, 1845-1857-1869 . 8248635 . Paris . fr . 1958.
• Suzanne Daveau .

  pt:Suzanne Daveau

  . Une enquête urbaine à Dakar . . 23 . 5 . 211–215 . 10.3406/ingeo.1959.1940 . fr . . 1959.
• . Dakar . . 14 . fr . Persee.fr . 1961.
• Book: Assane Seck . Dakar, metropole ouest-africaine . 813651508 . Dakar . fr . 1970.
• Denise Bouche . Dakar pendant la deuxième Guerre mondiale: Problèmes de surpeuplement . . 65 . 240 . 423–438 . 10.3406/outre.1978.2135 . fr . Persee.fr . 1978.
• Book: Alain Sinou . Comptoirs et villes coloniales du Senegal: Saint-Louis, Goree, Dakar . Paris . fr . 1993.
• L'électrification de la ville de Dakar après 1945 . Thomas Saupique . . 89 . fr . Persee.fr . 2002.
• Abdoul Aziz Diop . Quelles centralités pour la ville de Dakar, Sénégal? . . 26 . 26 . 75–92 . 10.4000/rives.921 . fr . . 2007. free .
• Book: Dakar . 2011 . . fr . Histoire . 21+ .

External links

• Web site: (Dakar) . . UK . (Bibliography of open access articles)
• Web site: (Dakar) . . (Images, etc.)
• Web site: (Dakar) . . (Images, etc.)
• Web site: (Dakar) . . (Images, etc.)
• Web site: (Dakar) . . . Germany . 2016-09-29 . (Bibliography)
• Web site: (Dakar) . Connecting-Africa . . Leiden, Netherlands . (Bibliography)
• Web site: (Dakar) . . (Bibliography)
• Web site: Dakar, Senegal . . US . June 2010 .
• Web site: . Senegal: Dakar . https://web.archive.org/web/20060214114841/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.tcl?place_id=2263 . dead . 14 February 2006 . dmy-all .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Senegal . www.katolsk.no . Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese) . Norway . 30 September 2014 .
2. A Mosque in a Mosque: Some Observations on the Rue Blanchot Mosque in Dakar & Its Relation to Other Mosques in the Colonial Period . Cleo Cantone . 2006 . Cahiers d'Études Africaines . 46 . 182 . 363–387 . 4393580 . 10.4000/etudesafricaines.15253 . free .
3. Web site: Garden Search: Senegal . . London . 30 August 2015 .
4. Book: Saglio, Christian . Guide de Dakar et du Sénégal . Société africaine d'édition . 1983 . 42.
5. Web site: Les Archives Nationales du Sénégal . 15 August 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120901172440/http://www.archivesdusenegal.gouv.sn/biblio.html . 1 September 2012 . dmy-all .
6. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . 1921 . London . Macmillan and Co.. France: Africa: French West Africa and the Sahara . https://archive.org/stream/statesmansyearbo1921londuoft#page/897/mode/1up . . 895–903 . Colony of Senegal . Statesman's Year-Book .
7. Book: De Benoist, Joseph-Roger . Église et pouvoir colonial au Soudan français: les relations entre les administrateurs et les missionnaires catholiques dans la Boucle du Niger, de 1885 à 1945 . KARTHALA Editions . 1987 . 9782865371693 . 270.
8. An Ambiguous Monument: Dakar's Colonial Cathedral of the Souvenir Africain . Elizabeth A. Foster . 2009 . French Historical Studies . 32 . 1 . 10.1215/00161071-2008-014 . 85–119.
9. Book: Lynne Warren. Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography. https://books.google.com/books?id=31VsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27 . 2006. Routledge. 978-1-135-20536-2 . Photography in Africa: Central and West . 27+ . Kevin Mulhearn .
10. Book: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1960_round.htm . Demographic Yearbook 1965 . 1966 . . New York . Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants .
11. Book: . Political Chronology of Africa . Political Chronologies of the World . 2001 . 978-0203409954 . Senegal . https://books.google.com/books?id=0O86sZdHfHUC . 357+ .
12. Festival Time in Dakar . April 1966 . Negro Digest .
13. World Festival of Negro Arts . Hoyt W. Fuller . Hoyt W. Fuller . July 1966 . Ebony . Chicago, US .
14. Web site: Western and Central Sudan, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events . Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . . New York . 14 July 2017 .
15. Book: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm . Demographic Yearbook 1975 . 1976 . United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office . New York . Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants . 253–279 .
16. Web site: The Songs of Senegal . S. Sherwood . 3 December 2009 . New York Times . August 15, 2012.
17. Web site: Centre Culturel Régional Blaise Senghor . Ministere de la culture du Senegal . fr . 14 May 2013.
18. Web site: Média Centre de Dakar: L'ambition de faire renaître le cinéma africain . 10 December 2004 . Observatoire sur les Systèmes d'information .
19. On the Doole . Stephen Demeulenaere . Summer 2001 . . 27 . 3 .
20. Student Killed in Senegal Protest . 23 February 2001 . Chronicle of Higher Education . 47 . 24 .
21. Web site: The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land Markets . 2010 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130617161951/http://www.unhabitat.org/content.asp?cid=9141&catid=7&typeid=46 . 17 June 2013 . dmy-all .
22. Book: Andreas Mehler. Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2007 . 2008 . 4 . Koninklijke Brill . 9789004168053 . Senegal . https://books.google.com/books?id=aVGwKj6ER9kC . 175+ . etal.
23. Web site: Senegal . Art Spaces Directory . New York . . 2 December 2013.
24. Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20091016071707/http://villededakar.org/node . Ville de Dakar . 2009-10-16 . .
25. Book: Diouf, Mamadou . Les arts de la citoyenneté au Sénégal: espaces contestés et civilités urbaines . KARTHALA Editions . 2013 . 9782811109561 . 114.
26. News: Statuesque or grotesque? . February 25, 2010 . The Economist .
27. Web site: ICANN Dakar Senegal No.42: 23–28 October 2011 . ICANN . 15 August 2012.
28. Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20110529151854/https://www.google.com/about/corporate/company/address.html . 29 May 2011 . Corporate Information: Google Offices . Google Inc. . dead .
29. Book: The State of African Cities 2014 . 978-92-1-132598-0 . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195641/https://unhabitat.org/the-state-of-african-cities-2014/ . 10 September 2014 . dmy-all . 2015-09-10 .
30. Web site: Première nuit de Obama au Sénégal . https://archive.today/20130628042533/http://www.lequotidien.sn/index.php/la-une2/5906-premiere-nuit-de-obama-au-senegal--dakar-ne-dort-plus-le-pds-remet-son-cahier-de-doleances-a-la-presse-americaine . dead . 28 June 2013 . fr . 27 June 2013 . . Dakar .