Timeline of Copenhagen explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Prior to 17th century

• 1167 – Absalon's Castle founded.
• 1238 – Franciscan monastery founded.
• 1254 – Copenhagen receives city charter.
• 1294 – Wednesdays and Saturdays designated market days.^[1]
• 1296 – House of the Holy Ghost founded.
• 1388 – Church of Our Lady rebuilt.
• 1417 – Eric of Pomerania takes Copenhagen Castle.
• 1479
  • City hall built at Gammeltorv.
  • University of Copenhagen founded.
• 1493 - Govaert van Ghemen sets up printing press.^[2]
• 1583 – Dyrehavsbakken founded near Copenhagen.

17th century

• 1604 – Christian IV's Arsenal built.^[3]
• 1608 – Caritas Well built.
• 1610
  • City hall rebuilt.
  • Nytorv created.
• 1611 – Leda and the Swan statue erected.
• 1618 – Brewery built.
• 1624 – Rosenborg Castle built.
• 1625 – Copenhagen Stock Exchange founded.
• 1626 – Citadel built.
• 1634 - 5 October: of Magdalene Sibylle of Saxony and Christian, Prince-Elect of Denmark takes place.
• 1640 – Børsen built.
• 1648 – Royal Danish Library founded.
• 1659 – Assault on Copenhagen
• 1661 – Coat of arms of Copenhagen granted.
• 1666 – Holmens Cemetery established.
• 1670 – Kongens Nytorv laid out.
• 1671 – Garnisons Cemetery inaugurated.
• 1673 – Sophie Amalienborg built.
• 1683 – Palace built for Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve.
• 1686 – Thott Palace built.
• 1695 – Church of Our Saviour built.

18th century

• 1711 – Plague.
• 1722 - The first public theater, Lille Grønnegade Theatre, is founded.
• 1728
  • Fire.
  • City hall rebuilt between Gammeltorv and Nytorv.
• 1742 - Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters established.^[4]
• 1745 – Christiansborg Palace built.
• 1748 – Royal Danish Theatre founded.
• 1751 – Mastekranen built.
• 1752 – Oeder's Garden planted.
• 1757 – Frederiks Hospital opens.
• 1758 – Christian's Church built.
• 1760
  • Amalienborg Palace built.
  • Assistens Cemetery inaugurated.
  • Moses & Søn G. Melchior in business.
• 1769 - Population: 82,086.^(da)
• 1770 - City directory published.^[5]
• 1771 – Royal Danish Ballet founded.
• 1775
  • Royal Porcelain Factory founded.
  • P.F. Suhm library opens.
• 1777 – Det Dramatiske Selskab is founded.
• 1781 – Vestindisk Pakhus built.
• 1785 – Heering House built.
• 1787 – J. Cl. Todes Døtreskole, the first secondary school for girls, is founded.
• 1791 – Døtreskolen af 1791 is founded.
• 1793 – Royal Danish Library opened to the public.
• 1795 – Fire.

19th century

• 1801 – Battle of Copenhagen.
• 1807
  • Battle of Copenhagen
  • Royal Commission for the Preservation of Antiquities established.
• 1815 – Copenhagen Court House (with city hall) built at Nytorv.
• 1825
  • Royal Danish Academy of Music founded.
  • Kunstforeningen founded.
• 1828 – Christiansborg Palace rebuilt.
• 1829 – Church of Our Lady rebuilt.
• 1835 - Andersen's Fairy Tales published.^[6]
• 1840 - Population: 120,819.^(da)
• 1843
  • Tivoli Gardens opens.
  • Tivoli Orchestra formed.
• 1845 – Copenhagen co-host a nordic student meeting with Lund.
• 1846 – Den højere Dannelsesanstalt for Damer is founded.
• 1847
  • Railway station built.
  • Carlsberg brewery founded.
• 1848 – Thorvaldsen Museum built.
• 1850s – Edition Wilhelm Hansen music publisher in business.^[7]
• 1856 – Royal School of Library and Information Science founded.
• 1857
  • Folketeatret founded.
  • Charlottenborg Spring Exhibition begins.
• 1859 – Copenhagen Zoo founded.

• 1860 – City gates dismantled.
• 1862 – Copenhagen co-host a nordic student meeting with Lund.
• 1865 – Hansen Writing Ball typewriter invented in Copenhagen.^[8]
• 1870
  • (confectionery) in business.
  • Østre Anlæg and Vestre Cemetery established.
  • Population: 202,327.^(da)
• 1874 – Botanical Garden glasshouses built.
• 1879
  • Dansk Fotografisk Forening (photo society) headquartered in city.
  • Vesterfælledvej truant school founded.^[9]
• 1881 – Children's playground constructed.^[10]
• 1882 – Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek established.
• 1883 - (theatre) opens.
• 1884 – Dagbladet Politiken newspaper begins publication.
• 1890 - Population: 367,262.^(da)
• 1894 – Frederik's Church, popularly known as the "Marble Church", opens.
• 1895 - Copenhagen Women's Exhibition
• 1896 – Statens Museum for Kunst established.
• 1897
  • Østerport Station opens.
  • Coast Line railway begins operating.

20th century

1900s-1940s

• 1901
  • City expands.
  • Museum of Copenhagen and International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres^[11] founded.
  • Population: 468,936.^(da)
• 1905 – Copenhagen City Hall built on City Hall Square.
• 1907 – Medical Museion established.
• 1910
  • Rigshospitalet built.
  • International socialist women's conference held.
• 1911
  • Copenhagen Central Station, Idrætsparken, and Hirschsprung Collection open.
  • Population: 584,089.^(da)
• 1912 – Theatre Museum in the Court Theatre founded.
• 1913
  • Dansk Statens Arkiv for Historiske Film og Stemmer (film archive) founded.
  • The Little Mermaid (statue) unveiled.
• 1915 - January: Conference of Socialist Parties of Neutral Countries held in Copenhagen.
• 1917 - (publisher) in business.^[12]
• 1924 – Alexandra Teatret (cinema) opens.^[13]
• 1925
  • Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup and Bakkehuset museum open.
  • Danish National Symphony Orchestra founded.
• 1926 – Forum Copenhagen built.
• 1927 – Grundtvig's Church inaugurated.
• 1928
  • Tøjhus Museum established.
  • Christiansborg Palace rebuilt.
• 1929 – Søndermark Cemetery established.
• 1938 – cinema built.
• 1940 – April: German occupation begins.
• 1943
  • 3 September: Stalag 391 prisoner-of-war camp for Danish POWs established by the Germans.^[14]
  • 8 November: Stalag 391 POW camp dissolved.^[14]
• 1945
  • 5 May: German occupation ends.
  • Dagbladet Information (newspaper) begins publication.
  • Population: 731,707.
• 1948 – David Collection opens.

1950s-1990s

• 1950 – Ryvangen Memorial Park officially inaugurated.^[15]
• 1951 - 24 September: World's first successful sex reassignment surgery performed at Gentofte Hospital.
• 1957 – World Santa Claus Congress begins near city.^[16]
• 1958 - "Egg" and "swan" chair designs introduced.
• 1962 – Strøget pedestrian zone laid out.
• 1971
  • Weekendavisen newspaper begins publication.^[17]
  • Freetown Christiania founded.
• 1973 – Roskilde Airport opens.
• 1974 - Greater Copenhagen Council created.^[18]
• 1975 - cinema opens.
• 1976
  • Royal Danish Naval Museum established.
  • Population: 1,292,647 urban area.^(da)
• 1977
  • 12 December: World's "first AIDS victim" dies in Copenhagen.^[19]
  • Frieboeshvile restored.
• 1978 – Danish Design Centre opens.
• 1979 – Copenhagen Jazz Festival begins.
• 1980 – Copenhagen Marathon begins.
• 1983 – Radio Rosa begins broadcasting.
• 1984 – Valby-Hallen opens.
• 1986
  • Fotografisk Center and Rhythmic Music Conservatory established.
  • Worker's Museum opens.
• 1992 – Parken Stadium built.
• 1995
  • Copenhagen City Bikes launched.
  • Danish Architecture Centre founded.
• 1996 – National Museum of Photography and Cisternerne – Museum for moderne Glaskunst founded.
• 1998 – Copenhagen Distortion begins.
• 1999 – Black Diamond (library) built.
• 2000
  • Øresund Bridge opens to Malmö, Sweden.^[20]
  • Copenhagen Harbour Buses begin operating.

21st century

2000s

• 2001 – Copenhagen Free University established.
• 2002 – Copenhagen Metro and Copenhagen Harbour Baths inaugurated.
• 2003
  • Copenhagen International Documentary Festival and Start! Festival begin.
  • North Atlantic House cultural centre^[21] and Noma (restaurant) open.
• 2004
  • Copenhagen Opera House and Danish Jewish Museum open.
  • Natural History Museum of Denmark formed.
• 2005 – VM Houses built.
• 2006 – DieselHouse opens.
• 2007
  • City becomes part of the Capital Region of Denmark.
  • Karriere Bar and Geranium (restaurant) open.
  • Fictional The Killing (TV series) begins broadcasting.
  • Homeless World Cup football contest held.
• 2008
  • Royal Danish Playhouse opens in Frederiksstaden.
  • 21st European Film Awards held.
  • Mountain Dwellings built.
• 2009
  • United Nations Climate Change Conference held.
  • film festival begins.

2010s

• 2010 – 8 House built.
• 2011
  • Torvehallerne (market) in business.^[22]
  • MAD Symposium begins.
• 2012
  • Bicycle superhighway opens.^[23]
  • Population: 1,213,882 urban area.^(da)
• 2014 - Cykelslangen (bike bridge) opens in Havneholmen.
• 2015 – 14–15 February: 2015 Copenhagen shootings occur, killing two civilians and wounding five police officers. The suspected perpetrator was later shot and killed by police.

2020s

• 2022
  • 3 July: The Field's mall shooting occurs, killing multiple people.^[24]

See also

• History of Copenhagen
• List of lord mayors of Copenhagen
• Copenhagen metropolitan area
• Urban area of Copenhagen
• Timelines of other cities in Denmark: Aarhus

References

This article incorporates information from the Danish Wikipedia.

Further reading

See main article: Bibliography of Copenhagen.

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Copenhagen, various dates
• Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Copenhagen, various dates.

55.6761°N 12.5683°W

Notes and References

1. Food Marketing in Copenhagen 1250–1850 . Karen J. Friedmann . Agricultural History . 50 . 2 . 400–413 . 1976 . 3741339 .
2. Book: Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum . Robert Proctor . London . Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company . 1898 . Books Printed From Types: Denmark . HathiTrust . 2027/uc1.c3450632 . Robert Proctor (bibliographer) .
3. Italian Music and Christian IV's Urban Agenda for Copenhagen . Susan Lewis Hammond . Scandinavian Studies . 77 . 3 . 365–382 . 2005 . 40920604 .
4. Book: James E. McClellan. Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. 1985. Columbia University Press. 978-0-231-05996-1 . Official Scientific Societies: 1600-1793 . https://books.google.com/books?id=UXrpGZ6zsH8C&pg=PA261 .
5. Book: A. V. Williams . Development and Growth of City Directories . Cincinnati, USA . 1913 .
6. Web site: Timeline . Hans Christian Andersen . Online Exhibitions . 2005 . British Library .
7. Book: . Cambridge Companion to Choral Music . 2012 . Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-11173-7 . Choral Music in the Culture of the 19th Century . Chester L. Alwes . Music publishers of the 18th to the early 20th c. (chronological list) . https://books.google.com/books?id=b79Dc9sHDtMC&pg=PA39 . registration .
8. Book: Famous First Facts . 2000 . H.W. Wilson Co. . Steven Anzovin and Janet Podell . 0824209583 . Famous First Facts .
9. Copenhagen Children's Lives and the Impact of Institutions, c. 1840–1920 . Ning de Coninck-Smith . History Workshop . 57–72 . 33 . 1992 . 4289139 .
10. Where Should Children Play? City Planning Seen From Knee-Height: Copenhagen 1870 to 1920 . Ning de Coninck-Smith . Children's Environments Quarterly . 7 . 4 . 54–61 . 1990 . 41514760 .
11. Book: James C. Docherty . Peter Lamb . Historical Dictionary of Socialism . 2006 . 2nd . . 978-0-8108-6477-1 . Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=JRYjU-L4F7wC&pg=PR21 .
12. Web site: Blackwell Timeline . https://web.archive.org/web/20141020120518/http://www.ulib.niu.edu/publishers/Blackwell.htm . dead . 2014-10-20 . The Academic Publishing Industry: A Story of Merger and Acquisition . Mary H. Munroe . 2004 . Northern Illinois University .
13. Web site: Movie Theaters in Copenhagen, Denmark . CinemaTreasures.org . Cinema Treasures LLC . Los Angeles . 30 September 2015 .
14. Book: Megargee. Geoffrey P.. Overmans. Rüdiger. Vogt. Wolfgang. 2022. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 385. 978-0-253-06089-1.
15. Web site: Historie - Mindelunden Ryvangen . History - Ryvangen Memorial Park . Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs . 2014-11-16 . da . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141129045124/http://www.mindelundenryvangen.dk/historie.html . 29 November 2014 . dmy-all .
16. Web site: World Santa Claus Congress . 14 December 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131209115445/http://worldsantaclauscongress.com/whatis_eng.html . 9 December 2013 . dmy-all .
17. Web site: Copenhagen (Denmark) Newspapers . USA . WorldCat . . 7 August 2013.
18. Book: Major Cities and Their Peripheries: Co-operation and Co-ordinated Management . 1993 . Local and Regional Authorities in Europe . 51 . Council of Europe Press . 978-92-871-2394-7.
19. Book: Patrick Robertson. Robertson's Book of Firsts . 2011. Bloomsbury . 978-1-60819-738-5.
20. Web site: City Mayors: Danish and Swedish regions gave up power to create bi-national metropolis. City Mayors .
21. Web site: Historical Dateline . Nordatlantens Brygge . 15 July 2012 .
22. Web site: 36 Hours in Copenhagen . New York Times . 5 October 2014 .
23. Web site: Copenhagen Journal: Commuters Pedal to Work on Their Very Own Superhighway . S. McGrane . 17 July 2012 . New York Times .
24. Web site: Several killed in Copenhagen shopping mall shooting . 2022-07-03 . BBC News . 3 July 2022.