Timeline of Cairo explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Cairo, Egypt.

Prior to 19th century

• 1st C. BCE – Babylon Fortress built (approximate date).
• 33 CE – Origins of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
• 4th–5th C. CE – Saints Sergius and Bacchus Church (Abu Serga) built.
• 6th C. – Church of Saint Menas established.
• 642 – Mosque of Amr ibn al-As built.
• 873 – Ahmad ibn Tulun founds El-Katai.
• 879
  • Mosque of Ibn Tulun built.
  • Church of St. George built (approximate date).
  • Church of the Virgin Mary (Haret Zuweila) built (approximate date).
• 970
  • Misr al-Qahira settlement founded by Fatimid Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah.
  • Al-Azhar University established.
• 972 – Al-Azhar Mosque established.
• 978 –The Hanging Church rebuilt (approximate date).
• 979 – Saint Mercurius Church in Coptic Cairo rebuilt (approximate date).
• 992 – Al-Hakim Mosque built.
• 11th C. – Church of the Holy Virgin (Babylon El-Darag) built.
• 1016 – Lulua Mosque built.
• 1073 – Saint Barbara Church in Coptic Cairo restored.
• 1085 – Juyushi Mosque built.
• 1092 – City wall and Gates of Cairo built (including Bab Zuweila and Bab al-Nasr).
• 1125 – Aqmar Mosque built.
• 1154 – Al-Hussein Mosque built.
• 1160 – Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque built.
• 1168 – Egypt's capital moved from Fustat to Cairo.
• 1176 – Cairo was unsuccessfully attacked in the Crusades.
• 1183 – Saladin Citadel built.
• ca.1205 – Harat el-Yahoud Synagogue rebuilt and Maimonides works there; it is rebuilt in the 19th century as the Maimonides Synagogue
• 1250 – City becomes capital of Mamluk Sultanate.
• 1280 – Qalawun complex built (approximate date).
• 1318 – Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque built.
• 1340 – Mosque of Amir al-Maridani established.
• 1347 – Aqsunqur Mosque built.
• 1349 – Mosque of Shaykhu built.
• 1352 – Amir Taz Palace built.
• 1355 – Khanqah of Shaykhu built.
• 1359 – Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan built.

• 1421 – Mosque of Sultan al-Muayyad built.
• 1517
  • January: Battle of Ridaniya occurs near Cairo.^[1]
  • Capture of Cairo by Ottoman forces.
  • City becomes provincial capital during Selim I's rule of Ottoman Empire.
• 1774 – Mosque of Abu Dahab built.
• 1788 – Al Musafir Khana Palace built.
• 1798 – Napoleon arrives.
• 1800 – Population: 200,000 (approximate figure).

19th century

• 1801 – June: Siege of Cairo – French surrender to British and Ottoman forces.
• 1811 – March: Massacre of the Citadel.
• 1822 – Arabic printing press in operation.
• 1827 – Kasr Al-Ainy Medical School established.
• 1828
  • Government al-Waqa'i' al-Masriyya newspaper begins publication.
  • Dar al-Mahfuzat (government archive) established.^[2]
• 1848 – Mosque of Muhammad Ali built.
• 1854 – Khorenian School begins.
• 1856 – Railway station built.
• 1863 – Museum of Egyptian antiquities founded at Bulak.
• 1860 – Shepheard's Hotel in operation.
• 1869 – Khedivial Opera House opens.
• 1870 – Egyptian National Library and Archives established.
• 1871– 24 December: Premiere of Verdi's Aida.
• 1874 – Abdeen Palace built.
• 1875 – Al-Ahram newspaper begins publication.^[3]
• 1877 – Traffic in slaves ceased.
• 1879 – Collège de la Sainte Famille founded
• 1880 – Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe established.
• 1882
  • British occupation.
  • Khedivial Sporting Club founded.
  • Population: 347,838.
• 1888 – Collège des Frères (Bab al-Louq) opens.
• 1892 – Ben Ezra Synagogue built.
• 1893 – Le Progrès Egyptien newspaper begins publication.
• 1897
  • El Khalig canal filled in.
  • Population: 570,062.
• 1899
  • Sha'ar Hashamayim Synagogue built
  • Al-Ahram newspaper headquartered in Cairo.
• 1900 – Ets Hayim Synagogue (Hanan Synagogue) established

20th century

1900s–1940s

• 1902 – Museum of Egyptian antiquities moved again.
• 1905 – Chaar Hachamaim Synagogue established
• 1906 – Pathé cinema built.
• 1907
  • Al Ahly Sporting Club formed.
  • Population: 654,476.
• 1908
  • Cairo University and Café Riche opened.
  • ^[4] and American College for Girls founded.
• 1910
  • Coptic Museum built.
  • Heliopolis Palace Hotel opened.
  • Heliopolis Sporting Club founded.
• 1905 – Shimon Bar Yochai Synagogue established
• 1911
  • Zamalek Sporting Club formed.
  • Baron Empain Palace built.
• 1912
  • Boulak Bridge and Al-Rifa'i Mosque built.
• 1915
  • Arev and Housaper newspapers begin publication.
• 1919
  • Uprising against British occupation.
  • American University in Cairo established.
• 1921 – Cairo Conference held.
• 1922
  • Tutankhamun's tomb discovered.
• 1924
  • 19 November: British governor-general Stack of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan assassinated.
  • "Cairo Edition" of Quran Published
• 1925 – Pahad Itzhak (Kreim) Synagogue established^[5]
• 1929 – Manial Palace built.
• 1932
  • Society Of The Muslim Brothers headquartered in Cairo.
  • Moussa Dar'i Synagogue established
• 1933 – Qasr al-Nil Bridge built.
• 1934 – St. George's College, Cairo established.
• 1934 – Meir'enaim (Biton) Synagogue established
• 1937
  • Yacoubian Building constructed.
  • Lycée La Liberté Héliopolis opens
• 1938 – Publication of The Egyptian Gazette moves from Alexandria to Cairo.
• 1940 – Metro Cinema opens.
• 1942 – Abdeen Palace Incident.
• 1944 – Cairo Forces Parliament meeting.
  • The Arab Women's Congress of 1944 is hosted by the Egyptian Feminist Union in Cairo and the Pan-Arabian Arab Feminist Union is founded.
• 1945
  • Arab League headquartered in Cairo.
  • Ashkènazim Synagogue restored
• 1946 – Ali Baba Cinema opens.
• 1947 – Population: 2,090,654.^[6]
• 1948
  • Tchahagir newspaper begins publication.
  • Rivoli Cinema opens.^[7]
• 1949 – 12 February: Muslim leader Hassan al-Banna assassinated.

1950s–1990s

• 1950 – Ain Shams University founded.
• 1952
  • Cairo Fire.
  • The Mogamma built.
  • Ismailia Square renamed Tahrir Square.
  • Egyptian Revolution of 1952
  • Al Akhbar starts publication.
• 1954 – Al Gomhuria newspaper begins publication.
• 1956
  • Cairo International Stadium opens.
  • City master plan created.^[8]
• 1959
  • Cairo Conservatoire opens.
  • Academy of Arts (Egypt) and Cairo Symphony Orchestra founded.
  • Arab Petroleum Congress meets in Cairo.^[9]
• 1961 – Cairo Tower built.
• 1963 – Cairo International Airport opens.^[10]
• 1964 – January: 1964 Arab League summit (Cairo) held.
• 1965 – Population: 3.3 million.^[11]
• 1966 – Cairo Opera Ballet Company founded.
• 1967 – Bab Moshé (Ibn Maimoun) Synagogue restored.
• 1968 – Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral built.
• 1969 – Cairo International Book Fair founded.
• 1970
  • January: Israeli forces conduct aerial attacks near Cairo.
  • September: 1970 Arab League summit held.
  • Greater Cairo Master Plan created.
• 1972 – January: Student demonstration.^[12]
• 1974 – Population: 5,715,000.^[13]
• 1975
  • January: Economic demonstration.
  • Unknown Soldier Memorial (Egypt) inaugurated.
• 1976
  • 1976 Arab League summit (Cairo).
  • Cairo International Film Festival begins.
  • British International School in Cairo established.
  • Manor House School, Cairo opens.
• 1977 – January: Economic demonstration.
• 1978 – New Cairo British International School formed.
• 1979
  • Egypt Today magazine begins publication.
  • Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt established.^[14]
  • Sister city relationships established with Frankfurt and Stuttgart, Germany.
• 1981
  • 6 October: Assassination of Anwar Sadat.
  • Sadat Academy for Management Sciences opens.
• 1982
  • Saint Fatima School begins.
  • Sister city relationship established with New York City, United States.^[15]
• 1984
  • Master Plan for Greater Cairo approved.
  • Arab Democratic Nasserist Party founded.
• 1985
  • Child Museum opens.
  • Sister city relationship established with Paris, France.
• 1986 – February: 1986 Egyptian conscripts riot occurs.
• 1987 – Cairo Metro Line 1 begins operating.^[16]
• 1988
  • Cairo Opera House opens.
  • Sister city relationship established with Istanbul, Turkey.
• 1989
  • al-Hirafiyeen neighborhood built.
  • Sister city relationship established with Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
• 1990
  • The American International School in Egypt opens.
  • Sister city relationship established with Beijing, China and Tokyo, Japan.
• 1991 – Al-Ahram Weekly begins publication.
• 1992
  • Earthquake.
  • Population: 6,800,000 (estimate).^[17]
• 1993
  • Asyut–Cairo highway constructed.
  • Sister city relationship established with Barcelona, Spain.
• 1995 – Dreamland development begins near city.
• 1996
  • 6th October Bridge built.
  • Cairo Metro Line 2 (Shoubra AlKheiman- AlMounieb) opened.
• 1997
  • Aldiwan Arabic Language Center opens.
  • Sister city relationship established with Xi'an, China and Seoul, South Korea.
• 1998 – Sister city relationships established with Houston, United States and Minsk, Belarus.

21st century

2000s

• 2001
  • Misr American College established.
  • Cairo 52 arrested.
• 2003 – El Sawy culturewheel built.
• 2004
  • Al-masry Al-youm newspaper begins publication.
  • Canadian International College established.
  • Abdul Azim Wazir becomes governor of Cairo (approximate date).
• 2005
  • April 2005 Cairo terrorist attacks
  • British University in Egypt established.
  • Al-Azhar Park built.
  • El Fagr newspaper begins publication.
• 2006
  • City government website online (approximate date).^[18]
  • Al-Resalah television begins broadcasting.
• 2007
  • City hosts 11th Pan Arab Games.
  • 57357 Hospital established.
• 2008 – Youm 7 newspaper starts publication.
• 2009
  • 2009 Khan el-Khalili bombing
  • Cairo Jazz Festival begins.

2010s

• 2010 – Population: 7,248,671.^[19]
• 2011
  • 25 January: Uprising against Mubarak regime begins.
  • April: Abdel Qawi Khalifa becomes governor of Cairo.
• 2012
  • Cairo Metro Line 3 (Imbaba / Mohandiseen – Cairo Int'l Airport) opened.
  • Pope Shenouda III, head of Egyptian Coptic church, died.^[20]
  • Protests against state president Mohamed Morsi.^[21]
• 2013
  • Anti-Morsi protests.^[22]
  • February: The first Iranian president, Ahmadinejad, to visit Egypt since 1979.^[23]
  • April: Violence against Coptic after funeral.^[24]
  • 3 July: 2013 Egyptian coup d'état.
  • 8 July: "Egyptian soldiers fire on Morsi supporters protesting outside a military facility in Cairo, killing over 50."
  • 14 August: "More than 600 people, mostly Morsi supporters, are killed when police clear two pro-Morsi sit-ins in Cairo."
  • Air pollution in greater Cairo reaches annual mean of 76 PM2.5 and 179 PM10, much higher than recommended.
• 2017 – Population: 9,539,673 (urban agglomeration).

2020s

• 2021 – 2021 Cairo clothing factory fire

See also

• • History of Egypt
  • List of cities by population density
• Timelines of other cities in Egypt: Alexandria, Port Said

Bibliography

Published in 18th–19th century

• Book: Travels through Arabia . Carsten Niebuhr . Carsten Niebuhr . Robert Heron . Robert Heron (writer) . Edinburgh . R. Morison and Son . 1792 . Of the City of Cairo . Half-title:Niebuhr's travels through Arabia and other countries in the East . HathiTrust . 2027/hvd.hxj9mv .
• Book: Voyage en Egypte et en Syrie . C.F. Volney . Constantin-François Chassebœuf . fr . 1807 . Paris . Courcier . https://archive.org/stream/voyageensyrieete01voln#page/198/mode/2up . De la ville du Kaire .
  • • Book: B. Quaritch . London . Edward Balfour . Edward Balfour . Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia . 1885 . 3rd . Cairo . https://archive.org/stream/cyclopaediaofind01balfuoft#page/542/mode/2up .

Published in 20th century

• • • • • Cairo (Egypt) . 4 . 953 - 957 . 1910 . . 1.
        • Book: Routledge . 1884964036 . International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa . 1996 . Noelle Watson . UK . Cairo . 154+ . John Flink .
• Book: Cairo. André Raymond. 0-674-00316-0. 2000. Harvard University Press. registration.

Published in 21st century

• Mappings of Power: The State, NGOs, and International Organizations in the Informal Economy of Cairo . Julia Elyachar . Comparative Studies in Society and History . 45 . 3 . 571–605 . 2003 . 3879462 . .
• Web site: Cairo . Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003 . United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London . 2003 .
• Book: Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History . . Dickson Eyoh . Routledge . 0415234794 . 2003 . Cairo, Egypt.
• Book: World Cities beyond the West: Globalization, Development, and Inequality . Josef Gugler . Cambridge University Press . 2004 . 0521830036 . Cairo . Janet L. Abu-Lughod .
  • Book: 1842775936 . Urban Africa: Changing Contours of Survival in the City . Zed Books . London . Abdoumaliq Simone . Abdelghani Abouhani . 2005. Urban Policies in Cairo: From Speeches on New Cities to the Adjustment Practices of Ordinary City Dwellers. Benedicte Florin.
• Book: Encyclopedia of African History . Fitzroy Dearborn . 978-1-57958-245-6 . . 2005. Cairo.
  • Book: Historic Cities of the Islamic World . Clifford Edmund Bosworth . Clifford Edmund Bosworth . 2007 . Koninklijke Brill . Leiden . Cairo . 9789047423836 . .
  • Book: Gabor Agoston. Bruce Alan Masters . Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire . 2009. . 978-1-4381-1025-7 . Cairo . 112.
• Book: Cairo . Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture . 2009 . Oxford University Press . 9780195309911 . 321+ .
• Book: Gerhard Böwering . Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. 2013. . 978-0-691-13484-0 . Cairo . 80.

External links

• Web site: (Cairo) . . UK . (Bibliography of open access articles)
• Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20131205164951/http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.jsp?place_id=1569 . 2013-12-05 . dead . Cairo . ArchNet . ArchNet .
• Web site: (Cairo) . . (Images, etc.)
• Web site: (Cairo) . . (Images, etc.)
• Web site: (Cairo) . . (Images, etc.)
• Web site: (Cairo) . . . Germany . 14 January 2019 . (Bibliography)
• Web site: (Cairo) . Connecting-Africa . . Leiden, Netherlands . (Bibliography)
• Web site: (Cairo) . . (Bibliography)
• Web site: Cairo, Egypt . . US . 22 February 2011 .

Notes and References

1. Book: . Political Chronology of Africa . Political Chronologies of the World . 2001 . 0203409957 . Egypt . https://books.google.com/books?id=0O86sZdHfHUC&pg=PA138 .
2. Web site: Dar al-Mahfuzat al-ʿUmumiyya . 2014 . Hazine: a Guide to Researching the Middle East and Beyond . Christopher Markiewicz . Nir Shafir .
3. Web site: Egypt: News and Media . . 1 July 2013 .
4. Web site: Egypt and North Africa, 1900 A.D.: Key Events . Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . . New York . 30 August 2015 .
5. Web site: Heritage of Jews from Egypt: Synagogues . Association Internationale Nebi Daniel . France .
6. Book: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1950_round.htm . Demographic Yearbook 1955 . . New York . Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants . 171–184 .
7. Web site: Movie Theaters in Cairo, Egypt . CinemaTreasures.org . Cinema Treasures LLC . Los Angeles . 1 July 2013 .
8. Book: Metropolitan Planning and Management in the Developing World: Spatial Decentralization Policy in Bombay and Cairo . United Nations Centre for Human Settlements . UN-HABITAT . 1993 . 9789211312331 .
9. Book: M. S. Vassiliou. Marius Vassiliou. Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry . 2009. . 978-0-8108-6288-3 . Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=vArc08DO9ykC&pg=PR23 .
10. Web site: Airport History. Cairo International Airport. 16 June 2012.
11. Der Volks-Brockhaus, Wiesbaden, 1965
12. Book: Ahmed Abdalla . The Student Movement and National Politics in Egypt: 1923–1973. 2008. . 978-977-416-199-5.
13. Book: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1970_round.htm . Demographic Yearbook 1975 . 1976 . United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office . New York . Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants . 253–279 .
14. Web site: Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt History . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130529051116/http://www.faisalbank.com.eg/FIB/About_0.jsp . 29 May 2013 .
15. Web site: Sister city agreements . Cairo Governorate. https://web.archive.org/web/20120313191658/http://www.cairo.gov.eg/EnglishPortal/Sister%20.aspx?ID=2 . dead . 13 March 2012 .
16. Book: Historical Dictionary of Egypt. 2013. . 978-0-8108-8025-2 . Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=QQNSAQAAQBAJ&pg=PR19 .
17. Book: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/1990_round.htm . 1995 Demographic Yearbook . 1997 . United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division . New York . Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants . 262–321 .
18. Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20061119024345/http://www.cairo.gov.eg/default.aspx . البوابة الالكترونية لمحافظة القاهرة – الصفحة الرئيسية . 2006-11-19 . Home Page of Cairo . ar . .
19. Web site: Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants . Demographic Yearbook 2011 . 2012 . .
20. Web site: The Death of the Coptic Pope: What Next for Egypt's Beleaguered Christians?. https://web.archive.org/web/20120321013110/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2109512,00.html. dead. 21 March 2012. 20 March 2013 . Times News .
21. Book: Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year . 2013. Encyclopaedia Britannica . 978-1-62513-103-4.
22. Web site: Fatal clashes on Egypt uprising anniversary . 25 January 2013 . BBC News .
23. Web site: Ahmadinejad becomes first Iranian head of state to visit Egypt since 1979 . 5 February 2013 . Guardian UK News .
24. Web site: Cairo clashes at St Mark's Coptic Cathedral after funerals . 7 April 2013 . BBC News.