Timeline of Braunschweig explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Braunschweig (Brunswick), Germany.

Prior to 19th century

• 861 - According to legend, Braunschweig founded by Bruno of Saxony.
• 955 - Area of city expanded.
• 1031 - church consecrated.
• 1145 - Riddagshausen Abbey founded.
• 1160s - Henry the Lion makes Braunschweig his residence.
• 1166 - Brunswick Lion statue created.^[1]
• 1175
  • Dankwarderode Castle built.
  • Birth of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
• 1188 - Gospels of Henry the Lion created.
• 1190s - church construction begins.
• 1194 - Brunswick Cathedral built.
• 1194 - 6 August: Henry the Lion dies.
• 1200s
  • church construction begins.
  • Braunschweig joins the Hanseatic League.^[2]
  • (carnival) is celebrated.^[3]
• 1245 - (nursing home and orphanage) established.
• 1293–94 - (civil unrest)
• 1304 - on first mentioned.
• 1307 - guildhall/exchange first mentioned.
• 1312 - Rüningen gristmill first mentioned.
• 1370s - (civil unrest)
• 1390
  • Public clock installed (approximate date).^[4]
  • Brunswick Mum is sold.
• 1396 - (city hall) building expanded.
• 1408 - (fountain) installed in the .
• 1410s
  • Liberei (library) built.
  • (conflict between city council and churches)
• 1411 - Faule Mette cannon created.
• 1415 - secondary school established.
• 1420 - church built (approximate date).
• 1432 - The Princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel move their Residenz from Braunschweig to Wolfenbüttel.
• 1434 - Aegidienkirche (church) built (approximate date).
• 1445–46 - (civil unrest)
• 1451 - (church) built.
• 1487–89 - (civil unrest)
• 1498 - (fair) established.
• 1509 - Printing press in operation.^[5]
• 1520s - Protestant Reformation in Braunschweig.
• 1524 - built.
• 1531–32 - Braunschweig joins Schmalkaldic League.
• 1534 - built.
• 1551 - Population: 16,192.
• 1567 - built.
• 1573 - built on the .
• 1627 - (brewery) established.
• 1643 - (customs house) built.
• 1663 - Trial and execution of Anna Roleffes.
• 1671 - Siege of Braunschweig by Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
• 1690 - (opera house and theatre) opens.
• 1745
  • Collegium Carolinum founded.
  • Braunschweigische Anzeigen newspaper in publication.https://books.google.com/books?id=JDkoAAAAYAAJ
• 1753 - Brunswick Palace established as the new ducal residence.
• 1754 - Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum and State Natural History Museum open.
• 1761 - First Battle of Ölper
• 1768 - Birth of Caroline of Brunswick future wife of George IV.
• 1769 - Schloss Richmond (castle) built.
• 1772 - 13 March: Premiere of Lessing's play Emilia Galotti.
• 1773 - Population: 23,385.
• 1790s - dismantled (approximate date).
• 1791 - (bridge) rebuilt.
• 1799 - Friedrich Vieweg (publisher) moves to Braunschweig.

19th century

• 1806 - French in power; begins.
• 1807 - becomes mayor.
• 1809 - 1 August: Second Battle of Ölper
• 1815 - Duchy of Brunswick established
• 1823 - Obelisk erected in the .
• 1829 - 19 January: Premiere of Goethe's play Faust, Part One.
• 1830 - 7–8 September: Civil unrest, Brunswick Palace stormed by an angry mob and destroyed completely.^[6]
• 1834 - Attained municipal self-government.
• 1835 - Grotrian-Steinweg established.
• 1838 - Westermann Verlag (publisher) in business.
• 1838 - 1 December: First section of the Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway line, connecting Braunschweig and Wolfenbüttel, opens.^{[7] [8]}
• 1843–44 - Hanover–Brunswick railway opens.
• 1844 - Rabbinical Conference of Brunswick
• 1847 - MTV Braunschweig established.
• 1848–49 -
• 1849 - Voigtländer sets up its office in Braunschweig.
• 1853 - active.^[9]
• 1856 - (magazine) headquartered in Braunschweig.
• 1860 - established.^[10]
• 1861
  • Staatstheater Braunschweig (theatre) opens.
  • (library) and founded.
• 1863 - sculpture erected atop the palace.
• 1871
  • newspaper in publication.
  • brewery in business.
  • Population: 57,883.^[11]
• 1872 - Brunswick–Magdeburg railway begins operating.
• 1874 - Konrad Koch introduces football to Germany.^[12]
• 1875 - 23 September: opens.
• 1879 - Trams in Braunschweig begin operating.
• 1880 - Population: 75,038.^[13]
• 1885 - Population: 85,174.^[14]
• 1887 - Braunschweig Main Cemetery (cemetery) established.
• 1890 - Population: 101,047.^[15]
• 1891 - Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum founded.
• 1894–1900 - New (city hall) built.
• 1895
  • Eintracht Braunschweig football club and (cemetery) established.
  • bookseller in business.
  • Population: 115,138.^[16]

20th century

1900–1945

• 1901 - (historical society) founded.https://books.google.com/books?id=jXoKAAAAIAAJ
• 1903 - Büssing established.
• 1905 - Population: 136,423.
• 1906 - Dankwarderode Castle reconstructed.
• 1907 - (bicycle manufactory) in business.
• 1909 - 21 April: Gymnasium Gaussschule established.
• 1913 - 24 May: Marriage of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick and Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia.^[17]
• 1918
  • occurs.
  • 8 November: Ernest Augustus forced to abdicate.
  • 10 November: Socialist Republic of Brunswick proclaimed.
  • 10 November: Free State of Brunswick established.
• 1919
  • 9 April: Spartacus League uprising.
  • 13–17 April: State of emergency declared, Freikorps troops enter city.^[18]
  • Population: 139,539.^[19]
• 1920 - Rollei established.
• 1923 - 17 June: Eintracht-Stadion opens.
• 1929 - Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule moved to Broitzem.
• 1931
  • is incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.
  • (newspaper) begins publication.
  • 17–18 October: A large Nazi rally is held in Braunschweig, 100,000 SA stormtroopers march through the city.
• 1933 - Mittelland Canal reaches Braunschweig.
• 1934
  • ,,, Ölper,,, and are incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.
  • Population: 166,823.
• 1935 - SS-Junkerschule Braunschweig established.^[20]
• 1936
  • Luftfahrtforschungsanstalt in Völkenrode built.
  • Braunschweig Airport opens.
• 1938
  • (formerly Brunswick State Conservatoire) established.
  • 23 February: Volkswagenwerk Braunschweig starts production.
  • 9–10 November: Kristallnacht in Braunschweig.
• 1939
  • Nazi Academy for Youth Leadership built.^[21]
  • 20 September: Oflag XI-B POW camp for Polish officers established.^[22]
  • Population: 208,400.
• 1940
  • 24 June: Oflag XI-B POW camp dissolved, POWs transferred to Oflag II-C in Dobiegniew.^[22]
  • Synagogue demolished.
  • Bombing of Braunschweig in World War II begins.
• 1943 - Entbindungsheim für Ostarbeiterinnen established.^[23]
• 1944
  • 25 March: Subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established at the SS troop supply camp.^[24]
  • 5 June: Subcamp of Neuengamme at the SS troop supply camp dissolved. Prisoners deported to a subcamp in Warberg.^[24]
  • 17 August: Schillstraße subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp established.^[25]
  • September: Braunschweig-Vechelde subcamp of Neuengamme established.^[26]
  • December: Women subcamp of Neuengamme established at the SS Riding School.^[27]
• 1945
  • February: Women subcamp of Neuengamme at the SS Riding School dissolved. Prisoners deported to subcamps in Salzgitter and Helmstedt.^[27]
  • March: Braunschweig-Vechelde subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners moved to the Schillstraße subcamp.^[26]
  • March/April: Schillstraße subcamp of Neuengamme dissolved. Prisoners sent on a death march to Salzgitter.^[25]
  • 12 April: .

1946–1999

• 1946 - Braunschweiger Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
• 1947 - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt refounded in Braunschweig.
• 1949
  • (school) established.
  • bookshop in business.
• 1955 - 1 February: Luftfahrt-Bundesamt opens.
• 1960
  • Brunswick Palace demolished.
  • Building of the Weststadt starts.^[28]
  • 1 October: Braunschweig Hauptbahnhof opens.
• 1963 - Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig established.
• 1971 - Fachhochschule Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel established.
• 1972 - Braunschweiger Verkehrs-AG (public transit entity) active.
• 1974 - 28 February: District of Braunschweig disestablished and its main part incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.
• 1975 - Population: 269,900.
• 1976 - Gerhard Glogowski becomes mayor.
• 1977 - Federal Agricultural Research Centre established.
• 1982 - established.
• 1987 - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen moves to Braunschweig.
• 1988 - Braunschweig Classix Festival established.
• 1991–94 - Reconstruction of Alte Waage.
• 1994 - Sparkassen Open tennis tournament established.
• 1998 - 1 September: German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation established.^[29]
• 2000
  • Wilhelm Raabe Literature Prize established.
  • 20 September: Volkswagen Halle opens.

21st century

• 2001 - built in the .
• 2006 - 6 December: opens.
• 2007 - 6 May: Rebuilt Brunswick Palace opens.
• 2010 - light rail project cancelled.
• 2013 - Population: 247,227.
• 2014 - becomes mayor.

See also

• Braunschweig history

Other cities in the state of Lower Saxony:^(de)

• Timeline of Hanover

References

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

• • • Book: William Henry Overall. William Henry Overall. Dictionary of Chronology. 1870. William Tegg . London . Brunswick. 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=121. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=121. .
  • Brunswick (German city) . 4 . 690 . 1910 . . 1.
• Book: John M. Jeep. Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. 2001. . 0-8240-7644-3. Braunschweig.

in German

• Book: Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland. 1858. Leipzig. Wilhelm Engelmann. de. Google Books. Braunschweig: Die Stadt. https://books.google.com/books?id=p6o6AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA366. (bibliography)
• Book: . Leipzig . . de. Braunschweig. 6, 16, 35. 1868–1928. HathiTrust.
• Book: Hermann Adalbert Daniel.

  de:Hermann Adalbert Daniel

  . Handbuch der Geographie. de. 1878. 5th . Leipzig. Fues's Verlag. Das Herzogthum Braunschweig. https://books.google.com/books?id=_U5HAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA568. .
• Book: Städte und Gilden der germanischen Völker im Mittelalter. Karl von Hegel. Karl von Hegel. de . Leipzig . . 1891. HathiTrust. 2. Braunschweig. 2027/wu.89094689700?urlappend=%3Bseq=432. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89094689700?urlappend=%3Bseq=432.
• Book: Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon. Brockhaus Enzyklopädie. Leipzig. Brockhaus. 1896. 14th. de. Braunschweig. 2027/njp.32101064064452?urlappend=%3Bseq=510. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101064064452?urlappend=%3Bseq=510.
• Book: P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht. Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas . Meyer's Atlas of German Cities. 1913. Bibliographisches Institut. Leipzig. de. Braunschweig.
• Book: Rother, Bernd . Die Sozialdemokratie im Land Braunschweig 1918 bis 1933. 1990. de . Verlag J. H. W. Dietz Nachf.. Bonn. 3-8012-4016-9.

External links

• Links to fulltext city directories for Braunschweig via Wikisource

Notes and References

1. Web site: Stadtgeschichte: Stadtchronik Braunschweig . City History: Chronology of Braunschweig . de . Stadt Braunschweig . 30 November 2015 .
2. Book: Moderhack, Richard . Braunschweiger Stadtgeschichte . 1997 . de . Wagner. Braunschweig. 3-87884-050-0. 50–52.
3. Web site: Carnival is Festival: Dances as Entertainment . Søndergaard, Leif . 8 October 2012.
4. Book: Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum .

   de:Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum

   . History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders . 1996. University of Chicago Press. 978-0-226-15510-4 .
5. Book: Henri Bouchot .

   fr:Henri Bouchot

   . H. Grevel . London . The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. 1890. H. Grevel & Co. . https://books.google.com/books?id=5ycxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA367 . Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established .
6. Gerhard Schildt: Von der Restauration zur Reichsgründungszeit, in Horst-Rüdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.), Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 753–766
7. E. Oppermann (1911): Landeskunde des Herzogtums Braunschweig. Geschichte und Geographie. Braunschweig: E. Appelhans, p. 64.
8. Neubauer, Jürgen / Salewsky, Dieter (1988): 150 Jahre 1. Deutsche Staatseisenbahn Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. Braunschweig: Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag. .
9. Book: International Banking Directory. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.hb1sji?urlappend=%3Bseq=926 . 1922 . Bankers Publishing Company . New York . Germany . 2027/hvd.hb1sji?urlappend=%3Bseq=926 .
10. Web site: Stadtarchiv: Geschichte des Archivs . de . Stadt Braunschweig . 30 November 2015 .
11. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . Statesman's Year-Book . 1873 . London . Macmillan and Co.. Germany: States of Germany: Brunswick . 2027/nyp.33433081590360?urlappend=%3Bseq=199 . http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081590360?urlappend=%3Bseq=199 .
12. Web site: Fußball: The History of a German Obsession . Societäts-Medien . Ciarán Fahey. 19 June 2014. 1 July 2015.
13. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . 1883 . London . Macmillan and Co.. Germany: States of Germany: Brunswick . 2027/nyp.33433081590410?urlappend=%3Bseq=185 . http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081590410?urlappend=%3Bseq=185 .
14. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . 1890 . London . Macmillan and Co.. German Empire: States of Germany: Brunswick . 2027/nyp.33433081590527?urlappend=%3Bseq=606 . http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081590527?urlappend=%3Bseq=606 .
15. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . 1894 . London . Macmillan and Co.. German Empire . 2027/nyp.33433081590535?urlappend=%3Bseq=584 . http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081590535?urlappend=%3Bseq=584 .
16. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . 1899 . London . Macmillan and Co.. German Empire . 2027/nyp.33433081590550?urlappend=%3Bseq=936 . http://hdl.handle.net/2027/nyp.33433081590550?urlappend=%3Bseq=936 . HathiTrust .
17. Henning Steinführer, Gerd Biegel (eds.): 1913 – Braunschweig zwischen Monarchie und Moderne. Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2015, .
18. Hans-Ulrich Ludewig (2000): Der Erste Weltkrieg und die Revolution (1914–1918/19), in: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck / Gerhard Schildt (eds.), Die Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Jahrtausendrückblick einer Region, Braunschweig 2000, pp. 935–943
19. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . 1921 . London . Macmillan and Co.. Germany . 2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=972 . http://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=972 .
20. Web site: Braunschweiger Schloss / SS-Junkerschule . Vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de . 2015-07-24.
21. Web site: Akademie für Jugendführung . Vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de . 2015-07-24.
22. Book: Megargee. Geoffrey P.. Overmans. Rüdiger. Vogt. Wolfgang. 2022. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 269. 978-0-253-06089-1.
23. Web site: Entbindungsheim für Ostarbeiterinnen . Vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de . 2015-07-12.
24. Web site: Braunschweig (Troop Supply Camp). KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. 20 August 2022.
25. Web site: Braunschweig (Büssing-NAG). KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. 20 August 2022.
26. Web site: Braunschweig-Vechelde. KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. 20 August 2022.
27. Web site: Braunschweig (SS Riding School). KZ-Gedenkstätte Neuengamme. 20 August 2022.
28. https://www.braunschweig.de/leben/stadtportraet/stadtteile/weststadt/index.html Braunschweig-Weststadt - größtes Wohnbauprojekt in unserer Region
29. Web site: Organizations . . Switzerland . . 30 November 2014 .