Timeline of Bern explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Bern, Switzerland.

Prior to 19th century

• 2nd-3rd century CE - Roman settlement abandoned.
• 1191 - Bern set up as military outpost by Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen.^[1]
• 1218 - Bern becomes a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire.
• 1219 - Zytglogge (tower) built.
• 1223 - Theto von Ravensburg becomes .
• 1256 - Käfigturm (tower) built.
• 1259 - First mention of Jews in Bern.^[2]
• 1268 - Nydegg Castle demolished (approximate date).
• 1270 - Felsenburg (castle) built (approximate date).
• 1285 - (church) built.
• 1289 - April: Battle of Schosshalde takes place; Bern successfully resisted Rudolph of Hapsburg.
• 1298
  • Bern allies with Biel, Murten, and Solothurn.
  • Bern expands to include Bolligen, Muri, Stettlen, and Vechigen.
• 1331-1333 - Gümmenenkrieg (Fribourg-Bern war).
• 1339 - Battle of Laupen.
• 1345 - (tower) built.
• 1346
  • Black Death plague.
  • Äussere Neustadt area developed.
  • Christoffelturm (tower) and Nydeggkirche (church) built.
• 1348-49 - Pogroms and persecution of the Jews in Bern following the Black Death.^[3]
• 1353 - Canton of Bern joins the Swiss Confederacy.
• 1380 - Public clock installed (approximate date).^[4]
• 1383-1384 - Burgdorferkrieg (Kyberg-Bern war) takes place in the County of Burgundy.
• 1406 - Construction begins of current Town hall of Bern.
• 1417 - Bern Town Hall (town hall) built.
• 1421 - Bern Munster construction begins.^[5]
• 1430 - Konrad Justinger writes Chronik der Stadt Bern, a history of the city.
• 1470 - Tschachtlanchronik (Bern history) compiled.
• 1489 - Untertorbrücke (bridge) built.
• 1494 - (church) rebuilt.
• 1513 - Town begins to keep bears in the Bärenplatz.
• 1525 - Printing press in operation.^[6]
• 1528 - .
• 1530 - Astronomical clock installed in the Zytglogge.
• 1532 - adopted.^[7]
• 1543 - Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen (Bern) (fountain) erected on Gerechtigkeitsgasse.
• 1544 - Simsonbrunnen (fountain) erected.
• 1546 - Fountains Anna-Seiler-Brunnen (on Marktgasse) and Pfeiferbrunnen (on Spitalgasse) erected.
• 1573 - Munster construction ends.
• 1615 - (prison) in operation.
• 1689 - newspaper Gazette de Berne starts to be printed.
• 1700 - Population: 14,219.
• 1718 - (granary) built.
• 1720 - Bern banking crisis of 1720^[8]
• 1729 - Church of the Holy Ghost, Bern rebuilt.
• 1752 - Erlacherhof (mansion) built.
• 1759 - (scientific society) founded.^[9]
• 1798 - 5 March: Battle of Grauholz takes place in canton; French in power.
• 1799 - Stämpfli (publisher) in business.http://www.staempfli.com/en/staempfli-ag/company/#c6612

19th century

• 1803 - City library active.
• 1815 - Bernischen Musikgesellschaft (music society) founded.^[10]
• 1817 - (government building) rebuilt.
• 1818 - Population: 18,997.
• 1830 - Eidgenössisches Schützenfest held in Bern.
• 1832
  • Karl Zeerleder becomes mayor.
  • Canton becomes administratively independent of city.
• 1834 - University of Bern established.
• 1837 - Population: 24,362.
• 1844 - Nydeggbrücke (bridge) built.
• 1846
  • Jews granted freedom of establishment in the canton.^[11]
  • founded.^[12]
• 1848 - Bern becomes capital of Switzerland.^[5]
• 1850
  • Der Bund newspaper begins publication.
  • Population: 29,670 in city; 407,765 in canton.
• 1851 - (bridge) built.
• 1857 - Federal Palace of Switzerland and Bärengraben (bear pit) built.
• 1858
  • Bern railway station opens.
  • founded.
• 1863 - Bernischen Juristenverein (lawyers' association) founded.http://www.bernischerjuristenverein.ch/
• 1864 - Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul, Bern built.
• 1868 - in business.
• 1874
  • International (postal union meeting) held in Bern; "Treaty concerning the formation of a General Postal Union" signed.
  • Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland headquartered in Bern.^[13]
• 1877 - Bern Symphony Orchestra established.^[14]
• 1879 - Conche machine invented by chocolate maker Rodolphe Lindt.
• 1880
  • oppidum ruins discovered near city.
  • Population: 44,087 in city; 471,991 in canton.
• 1886 - International "Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works" signed in city.
• 1888 - founded.
• 1891
  • August: 700th anniversary of city founding.
  • founded.
• 1893
  • June: Labour unrest.
  • (church) built.
  • Frauenkomitee Bern founded.
• 1894 - Bern Historical Museum built.
• 1900
  • (public transit operator) and http://www.gutenbergmuseum.ch/en/museum/history/ established.
  • Population: 64,227.^[5]

20th century

• 1902 - Federal Palace of Switzerland building expanded.
• 1903 - Albert Einstein moves into Einsteinhaus on Kramgasse.
• 1905
  • St. Paul's Church, Bern built.
  • Akademischer Alpenclub Bern (hiking club) formed.^[15]
• 1906
  • "International Convention respecting the Prohibition of the Use of White (Yellow) Phosphorus in the Manufacture of Matches" signed in Bern.
  • Anglican St Ursula's Church, Berne built.
• 1910
  • Eidgenössisches Schützenfest and Swiss Aviation Exhibition held.
  • Population: 90,937 in city; 578,381 in canton.
• 1914 - (national exposition) held in Bern.
• 1915 - March: International socialist anti-war women's conference held in Bern.^[16]
• 1918
  • park now belongs to city.
  • (publisher) in business.http://www.haupt.ch/Unternehmen/Ueber-uns/?cur=1&force_sid=dbcb4fe293094a51d39669cfc67c7ef3
• 1919
  • Bümpliz becomes part of city.
  • February: Second International conference held in Bern.
• 1920 - (church) built.
• 1928 - Schweizeische Ausstellung für Frauenarbeit (women's rights event) held in Bern.
• 1929
  • Bern Aerodrome begins operating.^[17]
  • airline headquartered in Bern.
• 1930 - Population: 111,783 in city; 623,665 in canton.
• 1933 - Bern Trial begins.
• 1936 - National Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents headquartered in Bern.^[18]
• 1939
  • Tierpark Dählhölzli (zoo) opens.^[19]
  • Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde (history journal) in publication.^[20]
• 1940 - Trolleybus begins operating.
• 1941- 1943 – The Bern group (Lados group) operates secretly to rescue Jews from the Holocaust.^[21]
• 1947 - Städtische Verkehrsbetriebe Bern (public transit operator) established.
• 1949
  • founded.^[22]
  • (bridge) and (church) built.
• 1950 - Population: 146,499 in city; 731,550 in canton.
• 1951 - Burgerbibliothek of Berne (public library) foundation established.^[23]
• 1955 - February: The Romanian embassy is seized.
• 1963 - Camerata Bern founded.
• 1969 - Szeemann's art exhibit "provokes a national scandal."^[24]
• 1970 - Population: 162,405 in city; 901,706 in canton.
• 1977
  • Gurtenfestival of music begins.
  • Albert Einstein Society founded.
• 1979
  • French-speaking Canton of Jura secedes from mostly German-speaking Canton of Bern.
  • Berner Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.
• 1982 - 6 September: Polish embassy occupied.
• 1983 - Old City of Bern designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.^[25]
• 1984 - Regional Transport Bern-Solothurn established.
• 1990 - March: Demonstration against federal government keeping secret files on citizens.
• 1993 - Klaus Baumgartner becomes mayor.
• 1995
  • Jewish religious community of Bern recognised under public law.
  • Bern S-Bahn railway in operation.
• 2000 - Population: 128,634 in city; 957,197 in canton.

21st century

• 2002 - House of Religions founded.
• 2004 - begins.
• 2005
  • Paul Klee Centre built.
  • Alexander Tschäppät becomes mayor.
• 2007
  • 4 August: bombing.
  • October: Political unrest.
• 2008 - June: UEFA Euro 2008 Group C football contest takes place in Bern.
• 2009 - Bärengraben opens.
• 2013 - Population: 137,980.

See also

• History of Bern
• List of mayors of Bern
  • Timelines of other municipalities in Switzerland: Basel, Geneva, Zürich

References

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia and French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

• Book: William Henry Overall. William Henry Overall. Dictionary of Chronology. 1870. William Tegg . London . Berne . 2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=90. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949?urlappend=%3Bseq=90 .
• Bern (city) . 3 . Coolidge . William Augustus Brevoort . William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge . 795 . 1.
• Book: 1912 . 2nd . Switzerland . . Berlin . Albert Goldschmidt . Berne . 2027/uc1.$b264107?urlappend=%3Bseq=98 . http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b264107?urlappend=%3Bseq=98 .

in German

• Book: Eduard von Rodt .

  de:Eduard von Rodt

  . Bernische Stadtgeschichte. 1886 . Huber & Comp. . Bern . de .
• Book: Berchtold Weber . Historisch-topographisches Lexikon der Stadt Bern . 1976 . de . DigiBern . (fulltext)
• Book: Peter Meyer . Illustrierte Berner Enzyklopädie . de . DigiBern . 1981-1987 (fulltext)
• Book: J. Sulzer. Stadtplanung in Bern . 1989 . de . etal.
• Festschrift zum 800-Jahr-Jubiläum der Stadt Bern . Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde . 53 . 1991 . de . ETH-Bibliothek . (fulltext)
• Book: Ch. Lüthi . B. Meier . Bern: eine Stadt bricht auf . 1998 . de .

External links

• 1995–present

Notes and References

1. Book: Leo Schelbert. Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. 2014 . 2nd . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 978-1-4422-3352-2 . Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=XRevAwAAQBAJ&pg=PR21 .
2. Book: Wild, Matt, Dölf, Christoph Philipp. "Zeugnisse jüdischen Lebens aus den mittelalterlichen Städten Zürich und Basel", in: Kunst und Architektur in der Schweiz. Synagogen 56:2. 2005. 14–20.
3. Web site: «Judentum», in: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online, 2016.
4. Book: Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum .

   de:Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum

   . History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders . 1996. University of Chicago Press. 978-0-226-15510-4 .
5. Bern (city) . 3 . Coolidge . William Augustus Brevoort . William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge . 795 .
6. Book: Henri Bouchot. Henri Bouchot. H. Grevel . London . The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. 1890. H. Grevel & Co. . https://books.google.com/books?id=5ycxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA367 . Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established .
7. Book: Glenn Ehrstine. Theater, Culture, and Community in Reformation Bern: 1523 - 1555. 2002. Brill . 90-04-12353-9.
8. Book: Linder, Nikolaus . Die Berner Bankenkrise von 1720 und das Recht. Eine Studie zur Rechts-, Banken- und Finanzgeschichte der Alten Schweiz. Zürich . Schulthess Juristische Medien . 2004.
9. Book: James E. McClellan. Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. 1985. Columbia University Press. 978-0-231-05996-1 .
10. Book: Gustav Grunau . Gedenkschrift zum 50-jährigen Bestehen der Berner Musikschule. 1908. Grunau . Bern . de .
11. Web site: «Antisemitismus», in: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz HLS online, 2009.
12. Web site: Archiv des Historischen Vereins des Kantons Bern . DigiBern . de . 30 September 2015 . . (links to fulltext publications of the society)
13. Book: Europa World Year Book . 2004. Taylor & Francis. 978-1-85743-255-8 . Switzerland . https://books.google.com/books?id=gP_-8rXzQs8C&pg=PA4043 .
14. Book: Colin Lawson. Colin Lawson. Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. 2003. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-00132-8 . Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list) . https://books.google.com/books?id=1DW1WyiooSMC&pg=PA275 .
15. Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907 . A.J. Mackintosh . . UK . 1907 . 177 . 2027/njp.32101076197365?urlappend=%3Bseq=694 .
16. Book: James C. Docherty . Peter Lamb . Historical Dictionary of Socialism . 2006 . 2nd . . 978-0-8108-6477-1 . Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=JRYjU-L4F7wC&pg=PR21 .
17. Web site: History . Flughafen Bern AG . Bern Airport . 30 September 2015 .
18. Book: Andreas Ladner . Stabilität und Wandel von Parteien und Parteiensystemen: Eine vergleichende Analyse von Konfliktlinien, Parteien und Parteiensystemen in den Schweizer Kantonen. 2004 . . 978-3-322-80995-7 . de .
19. Book: Vernon N. Kisling. Zoo and Aquarium History. 2000. . USA . 978-1-4200-3924-5 . Zoological Gardens of Switzerland (chronological list) . https://books.google.com/books?id=dxTrR5nOE0UC&pg=PA373 .
20. Web site: Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte . DigiBern . de . 30 September 2015 . Universitätsbibliothek Bern . (links to fulltext)
21. Book: Lubrich, Naomi. Pässe, Profiteure, Polizei. Ein Schweizer Kriegsgeheimnis. Passports, Profiteers, Police. A Swiss War Secret.. Edition Clandestin, Jüdisches Museum der Schweiz. 2021. Basel/ Biel.
22. Book: World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Europe . Don Rubin . 1994 . Routledge . 9780415251570 . Switzerland . 828+ . https://books.google.com/books?id=1fDaAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA828 . etal .
23. Hans A. Michel . Das wissenschaftliche Bibliothekswesen Berns vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart . Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde . 47 . 1985 . 167–234 . de . .
24. Web site: Germany and Switzerland, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events . Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History . . New York . 30 September 2015 .
25. Book: Leo Schelbert. Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. 2014 . 2nd . Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. 978-1-4422-3352-2 .