Timeline of Benghazi explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Benghazi, Libya.

Prior to 20th century

• 7th century BCE - Euesperides founded by Cyrenians near site of present-day Benghazi.
• 1517 CE - Cyrenaica becomes part of Ottoman Tripolitania.
• 1577 - Atiq Mosque built.
• 1816/1817 - occurs at the .
• 1820 - Alhadadp Mosque founded.^(ar)
• 1827 - British consulate established.
• 1858 - Plague outbreak.
• 1869 - Administrative Benghazi mutessariflik (province) created.
• 1874 - Plague outbreak.
• 1895
  • built in Al-Berka.
  • Italian "Società d'Esplorazione Commerciale in Africa" active in Benghazi.

20th century

1900s-1940s

• 1906 - burns down.
• 1911
  • 19 October: Town occupied by Italian forces during the Italo-Turkish War.
  • Population: 35,000.^[1]
• 1913 - Albergo Italia (hotel) built.
• 1914 - begins operating.
• 1916 - built.
• 1922 - Benghazi Lighthouse built.
• 1924 - City Hall built.
• 1926 - begins operating.
• 1927
  • begins operating.
  • Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Cyrenaica established.^[2]
• 1928 - opens.
• 1931 - September: Trial of Omar Mukhtar, leading to his execution on 16 September in nearby Suluq.
• 1934
  • Pier built in the Port of Benghazi.
  • Administrative Benghazi Province created.
• 1936 - built.^[3]
• 1937 - March: Mussolini visits Benghazi.
• 1939 - Benghazi Cathedral built.
• 1942
  • November: British forces take city during the Battle of El Agheila in World War II.^[4]
  • Italian rule ends.
  • Omar al-Mukhtar Society formed.
• 1945 - Population: 60,000 (approximate).^[5]
• 1947 - Ahly Benghazi football club active.

1950s-1990s

• 1952
  • Al-Hilal SC (sport club) formed.
  • University of Oxford's Ashmolean Expedition to Cyrenaica begins its archaeological excavation of Euesperides site.
• 1953 - City boundary established.
• 1954 - Al Tahaddy SC (football club) formed.
• 1955 - University of Libya founded.
• 1956 - Benghazi Zoo founded.
• 1957 - Benghazi Military University Academy established.
• 1964 - Population: 137,295.^[6]
• 1967 - Stadium and Suliman Ad-Dharrath Arena open.
• 1970s - Giuliana Bridge opens.
• 1973
  • University of Benghazi active.
  • Population: 266,000.
• 1980 - February: Protest at French consulate.^[7]
• 1982
  • March: Part of 1982 African Cup of Nations football contest held in Benghazi.
  • built.
• 1984 - Population: 442,860.
• 1986 - 15 April: Aerial bombing of city by United States forces.^[8]
• 1989 - Tibesti Hotel (hi-rise) built.^[9]
• 1990 - Population: 800,000 (estimate).^[10]
• 1991 - "Administrative Office Complex" (hi-rise) built.
• 1993 - September: Great Man-Made River constructed; water begins flowing to Benghazi.
• 2000
  • 1 September: Al-Ahly football stadium demolished.
  • September: Unrest.

21st century

See also: Timeline of the Libyan Civil War (2014–present).

• 2005 - Population: 685,367 (estimate).
• 2006 - 15 February: Protest against Muhammad cartoons.
• 2007 - Quryna newspaper begins publication.
• 2008 - construction begins.
• 2009 - Martyrs of February Stadium opens in nearby Benina.
• 2011
  • 15 February: Arab Spring-related protest; Libyan Civil War (2011) begins.
  • Al Kalima newspaper begins publication.
• 2012
  • 19 May: Local election held.
  • June: "Pro-autonomy mob ransacks the election commission building."
  • September: United States consulate attacked.
• 2014
  • 16 May: Benina International Airport closes due to fighting.
  • 15 October: Battle of Benghazi begins.
• 2017
  • 18 April: Abdelrahman Alabbar becomes mayor.^[11]
  • 15 July: Benina Airport reopens.
  • 27 July: Battle of Benghazi officially concludes.

See also

• History of Benghazi
• Timeline of Tripoli, Libya

References

This article incorporates information from the Arabic Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, and Italian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

• • Book: Giacomo De Martino. Giacomo De Martino (governor). Cirene e Cartagine . Bologna . it . . 1908 . Bengasi . 85–110. https://books.google.com/books?id=8qhCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA85.
• Bengazi . 3 . Hogarth . David George . David George Hogarth . 736 . 1910 . . 1.
  • • Cirenaica: Rossa di sangue, verde di piante . . Milan . it . 30 . 1934. (Includes information about Benghazi)
• Book: E.J. Brill . Encyclopaedia of Islam . 2nd . 1960 . Beng̲hāzī . J. Despois .

  fr:Jean Despois

  . Encyclopaedia of Islam .
  • Book: E.J. Brill . Encyclopaedia of Islam . 1913. Beng̲hāzī . Ewald Banse . Ewald Banse .
• Book: Richard George Goodchild .

  fr:Richard George Goodchild

  . Benghazi, the story of a city . 822712914 . 1954.
• Hadi M.R. Bulugma . Urban Geography of Benghazi . Ph.D. . Durham University . 1964 . .
• Pierre Marthelot . Une ville aux chances successives: Benghazi . Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français . 876706131 . 41 . 10.3406/bagf.1964.5705 . fr . . 1964. 328 . 32–41 . .
• Book: Hadi M. Bulugma . Benghazi through the Ages . Tripoli . 28490247 . 1968.
• John Wright . Wadai-Benghazi Slave Route . Slavery & Abolition . 0144-039X . 13 . 1992.
• Book: Francesco Prestopino . Una città e il suo fotografo: la Bengasi coloniale, 1912-1941 . Milan . it . 8877998423 . 1999 .
• Dispatches from Benghazi . Khaled Mattawa . Khaled Mattawa . . Modern Language Association . US . 122 . 25501686 . 2007. 1 . 264–270 . 10.1632/pmla.2007.122.1.264 . 162208623 . .
• 'Whoever Controls Benghazi Controls Libya': A revolutionary city rises in the shadow of strongman Khalifa Haftar . Frederic Wehrey . Frederic Wehrey . . US . 1 July 2017.

External links

• Web site: (Benghazi) . . UK . (Bibliography of open access articles)
• Items related to Benghazi, various dates (via Europeana)
• Items related to Benghazi, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
• Web site: (Benghazi) . . (Bibliography)

Notes and References

1. Book: Statesman's Year-Book . Statesman's Year-Book . 1921 . London . Macmillan and Co.. Italy: Tripoli and Cyrenaica . 2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1083 . https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101072368440?urlappend=%3Bseq=1083 . .
2. Web site: Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Libya . . Norway . 1 August 2017 .
3. Book: Brian McLaren . Architecture and Tourism in Italian Colonial Libya: An Ambivalent Modernism. 2006. University of Washington Press. 978-0-295-98542-8.
4. Encyclopedia: Benghazi . Britannica.com . 2 August 2017 .
5. Growth and change in Libya's settlements system . Saad Khalil Kezeiri . Athens . Ekistics . 53 . 43620696 . 1986 . 316/317 . 34–41 .
6. Book: Demographic Yearbook 1965 . 1966 . . New York . Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants . 140–161 .
7. Book: Europa Publications . Political Chronology of Africa . Political Chronologies of the World . 2001 . 0203409957 . Libya .
8. News: Libya Profile: Timeline . 13 June 2011 . BBC News . 1 August 2017 .
9. Web site: Libya: Benghazi . https://web.archive.org/web/20170802002316/https://www.emporis.com/city/102626/benghazi-libya . August 2, 2017 . . Emporis GmbH . Hamburg . 1 August 2017 .
10. Web site: Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants . Demographic Yearbook 2010 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20120710195658/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2009-2010/Table08.pdf . 2012-07-10 .
11. Web site: مراسم التسليم والاستلام المستشار عبدالرحمن العبار عميدآ لبلدية بنغازي . ar . Ceremony for Abdelrahman Alabbar, Mayor of Benghazi Municipality . 18 April 2017 . Benghazimun.ly . 1 August 2017 .