Timeline of Antwerp explained

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of Antwerp, Belgium.

Prior to 13th century

• from abt. 150 – abt. 250-270: Gallo-Roman settlement in the centre of Antwerp (at "Willem Ogierplaats").^{[1] [2] [3]}
• abt 700: Oldest mention of the name Andoverpis in a written source : the Vita Eligii dated early 8th century (abt. 700).^[4]
• 739: death of Saint Willibrord, bishop.^[5]
• 978: Treaty of Margut-sur-Chiers, between France and German empire, the river Scheldt is recognised as the border between Neustria and Lotharingia^[6]
• 980 – the German Emperor Otto II awarded Antwerp a margraviate, and build a fortification on the wharf (de burg) with a ditch the "burchtgracht"
• 1100 The Roya is a small natural river that runs outside the "Burchtgracht"
• 1104 The fortification of the "Burcht" is reinforced by Emperor Hendrik IV. The wall's height in increased from 5m (16feet) to 12m (39feet) its thickness from 1.35m (04.43feet) to 2m (07feet)
• 1109: Antwerp starts making city canals the "ruienstelsel" From the Koolvliet in the north via, Holenrui, Minderbroedersrui to Suikerrui and Botervliet in the south

13th–15th centuries

• 1250 – Construction of the second Vleeshuis, city butchery and Guildhouse of the butchers^[7]
• 1406 – City becomes part of the Duchy of Brabant.
• 1442 – Guild of Saint Luke granted privileges.
• 1477 – Quaeye Werelt revolt
• 1478
  • Joyous Entry of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor into the city.
  • Violieren chamber of rhetoric founded.^[8]
• 1481 – Matt. Van der Goes sets up printing press.^[9]
• 1491 – One of the world's "first" illustrated advertisements printed in Antwerp.^[10]

16th century

• 1503 – Construction of the third Vleeshuis, current building, city butchery and guildhouse of the butchers .^[11]
• 1513 – Guild Hall of the Archers built.
• 1515 – Joyous Entry of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor into the city.
• 1518 – Notre Dame Cathedral built.^[12]
• 1520 – Het Steen fortress rebuilt.
• 1523 – Church of St. Andrew built.
• 1528 – Merten de Keyser (printer) in business (approximate date).^[13]
• 1531 – Opening of the Bourse of Antwerp, the first purpose-built exchange.
• 1533 – Lancelot II of Ursel saves the Cathedral from total ruin.
• 1543 – Music publisher Susato in business.^[14]
• 1549 – Philip II of Spain visits city.^[15]
• 1552 – Girls' orphanage built.
• 1555 – Christophe Plantin (printer) in business.
• 1560s – Antwerp Citadel built.^[16]
• 1565 – City Hall built.
• 1566 – August: Protestant Reformation riots.
• 1567 – 13 March: Battle of Oosterweel occurs near city.
• 1568
  • Anthony van Stralen, Lord of Merksem, former mayor is executed..
  • Maison Hanseatique built.
  • Population: 125,000.
• 1570 – Theatrum Orbis Terrarum atlas published.
• 1571 – Church of St. Paul built.
• 1572 – Antwerp Citadel completed.
• 1576 – 4 November: during the Sack of Antwerp, John III van de Werve, Lord of Hovorst gets killed by the Spanish forces.
• 1577 – Antwerp Citadel partially dismantled.
• 1579
  • City joins Union of Utrecht.
  • Hall of the Coopers built.
• 1583 – 17 January: François, Duke of Anjou tries to take city.
• 1584 – July: Siege of Antwerp begins.
• 1585
  • August: Siege of Antwerp ends; Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma in power.
  • Population: 85,000.
• 1589
  • Church of the Capuchins built.
  • Population: 55,000.
• 1593 – Hieronymus Verdussen (printer) in business (approximate date).
• 1594 – Joyous Entry of Archduke Ernest of Austria into the city.
• 1599 – Isabella and Albert (Habsburg Netherlands sovereigns) make their Joyous Entry into the city.^[17]

17th–18th centuries

• 1603 – Nicolaas II Rockox builds the Rockox House.
• 1609 – Twelve Years' Truce signed.
• 1615 – Church of Augustinians built.
• 1621 – Carolus Borromeuskerk built.
• 1635 – Joyous Entry of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand into the city.^[18]
• 1638 – 20 June: Battle of Kallo.
• 1644 – House of the Tailors rebuilt.
• 1646 – Hall of the Carpenters rebuilt.
• 1646 – Siege of Antwerp by Frederick Henry failed.
• 1648
  • River Scheldt closed to navigation per Treaty of Münster.
  • Joyous Entry of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria into the city.^[19]
• 1656 – St. James' Church built.
• 1663 – Royal Academy of Fine Arts founded.
• 1745 – Royal Residence built on the Meir.
• 1746 – Osterrieth House built on the Meir.
• 1750 – Royal Horticultural and Agricultural Society exhibitions begin (approximate date).^[20]
• 1755 – Royal Palace built.
• 1790 – Population: 40,000.
• 1795 – City becomes capital of French département Deux-Nèthes.

19th century

• 1802 – Quays built on Schelde River.
• 1805 – City Library opens in City Hall.
• 1810 – Royal Museum of Fine Arts founded.
• 1811 – Bonaparte Dock built.
• 1813 – Willem Dock built.
• 1815 – City becomes part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
• 1816 – Jewish Community established.
• 1818 – Fortresses built.
• 1826 – Orangery built in the Botanical Garden.
• 1830
  • Conflict between Belgian insurgents and Dutch forces.
  • Population: 73,506.
• 1832 – November–December: City besieged by French forces.
• 1834
  • Medical Society founded.^[21]
  • Theatre Royal built.
• 1843 – Zoological Garden founded.^[22]
• 1846 – Population: 88,487.
• 1848 – Jan Frans Loos becomes mayor.
• 1852 – Wuyts art gallery opens (approximate date).
• 1853
  • inaugurated.^[23]
  • Church of St. George consecrated.
• 1859
  • Berchem and Borgerhout become part of city (approximate date).
  • Old city walls dismantled.
  • Fortress construction begins.
• 1860 – Kattendijk built.
• 1864 – Museum of Antiquities opens.
• 1866 – Cholera epidemic.
• 1867 – School of Music founded.
• 1870 – Fort Merxem constructed.
• 1871 – International Geographical Congress held.
• 1872 – Exchange building and Flemish Theatre built.
• 1873 – Horsecar trams begin operating.
• 1874 – Demolition of Antwerp Citadel begins.
• 1876 – founded.
• 1877 – Plantin-Moretus Museum opens.
• 1879 – Population: 173,600.
• 1880 – Royal Antwerp Football Club formed.
• 1881 – Antwerp Water Works constructed.
• 1883 – Library building opens.
• 1884 – Royal Atheneum (school) built.^[24]
• 1885
  • Exposition Universelle d'Anvers (world's fair) held.
  • Temperance conference held.
• 1891 – Gazet van Antwerpen newspaper begins publication.^[25]
• 1892 – Société Anversoise du Commerce au Congo in business.
• 1893
  • (Flemish Opera) founded.^[26]
  • Hollandse Synagoge built.
• 1894 – Exposition Internationale d'Anvers (world's fair) and Universal Peace Congress held.
• 1895 – Compagnie Belge Maritime du Congo in business.
• 1896 – National Archives' Antwerp branch founded.^[27]
• 1897 – newspaper begins publication.
• 1898 – Royal Conservatory established.^[28]

20th century

• 1902 – Electric trams begin operating.
• 1903 – World Gymnastics Championships held.
• 1904 – Museum Mayer van den Bergh built.
• 1905 – Antwerpen-Centraal railway station and "America dock" open.
• 1906 – Fort Breendonk built.
• 1907 – Eisenmann Synagogue built.
• 1910
  • Population: 361,723.
  • St. Boniface Church consecrated.
• 1914 – September–October: Siege of Antwerp; German occupation begins.^{[29] [30]}
• 1920
  • 1920 Summer Olympics held.
  • Compagnie Financière Belge des Pétroles headquartered in city.^[31]
  • and Société Belge des Bétons^[32] founded
• 1921 – Schoonselhof cemetery established.
• 1923 – Airport opens.
• 1928 – Antwerpsche Diamantkring established.
• 1930 – Eeuwfeestkliniek (hospital) built.
• 1931 – Antwerp Book Fair begins.
• 1932 – Boerentoren built.
• 1933 – Museum of Flemish Literature founded.
• 1940 – May: German occupation begins.
• 1944
  • 4 September: Liberation by the British 11th Armoured Division.
  • October–November: Battle of the Scheldt.
• 1946 – Rubens House museum opens.
• 1966
  • Sporthal Arena built.
  • Wide White Space Gallery opens.
• 1967 – Antwerp International School established.
• 1968 – De Tijd newspaper begins publication.
• 1969
  • Jazz Middelheim festival begins.
  • Kennedytunnel opens.
  • Royal Ballet of Flanders established.
• 1970 – Chicagoblok built.
• 1975
  • Antwerp Pre-metro begins operating.
  • International Gemological Institute headquartered in city.
  • Cinderella´s Ballroom opened
• 1977 – 't Fornuis restaurant in business.
• 1981 – Zeno X gallery opens.^[33]
• 1983 – Berchem, Borgerhout, Deurne, Ekeren, Hoboken, Merksem, and Wilrijk become part of the city of Antwerp.^[34]
• 1985 – Museum of Modern Art founded.
• 1989 – Berendrecht Lock constructed.
• 1994
  • Laus Polyphoniae festival begins.
  • Switel Hotel fire
• 1995 – City website launched (Digitale Metropool Antwerpen).

21st century

• 2003
  • Patrick Janssens becomes mayor.^[35]
  • University of Antwerp established.
• 2004
  • Fotomuseum Antwerp opens.
  • City designated a UNESCO World Book Capital.
• 2006
  • 0110 concert held.
  • FelixArchief (city archives)^[36] and Law Courts building open.
• 2007
  • Antwerp World Diamond Centre established.^[37]
  • shopping center opens.
• 2011
  • Museum aan de Stroom opens.
  • Population: 507,007.
• 2013 – Bart De Wever becomes mayor.

See also

• • List of mayors of Antwerp
• List of schools in Antwerp
• List of parks in Antwerp
  • Timelines of other municipalities in Belgium: Bruges, Brussels, Ghent, Leuven, Liège
• History of urban centers in the Low Countries

References

This article incorporates information from the Dutch Wikipedia and the French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in the 18th-19th century

• Book: Gazetteer of the Netherlands. Attributed to Clement Cruttwell. G.G.J. and J. Robinson. London. 1794. https://books.google.com/books?id=Mv1WAAAAcAAJ&pg=PR33. Anvers.
• Book: Galignani's Traveller's Guide through Holland and Belgium . Paris . . 1822 . 4th . Antwerp . 2027/njp.32101073846667 .
• Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge . 22 December 1832 . Antwerp . London . Charles Knight .
• Book: The Traveller's Guide through Belgium . 1835 . A.D. Wahlen . Brussels . 32329300 . Antwerp . https://books.google.com/books?id=bUxAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA241 .
• Book: Belgium historical and picturesque . Alexandre Ferrier de Tourette . Translated by Addison . 1840 . Hauman . Brussels . Anvers . https://books.google.com/books?id=8GLRAmJzKxIC&pg=PA70 .
• Bentley's Miscellany . 1849 . Richard Bentley . London . Wayside Pictures through France, Belgium, and Holland: the Shores of the Low Countries; Antwerp . 624 .
• Book: Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World . J. Willoughby Rosse . London . . 1858 . Hathi Trust . Antwerp . 2027/uva.x030807786 .
• Book: Feestalbum van Antwerpen . 1864 . Buschmann . Antwerpen . nl .
  • Book: Visitors Universal Handybook and Guide to Antwerp, Brussels, Waterloo, Ghent, Bruges, Liege, etc. etc. . John De Wit & Joris . Antwerp . 5th . 1884 .

Published in the 20th century

External links

• Europeana. Items related to Antwerp, various dates.

Notes and References

1. Stadsarcheologie, Tony Oost 1976-1982, site 'Stadsparking'
2. Oost, Tony: De bewoning te Antwerpen tijdens de Gallo-Romeinse periode. In: Warmenbol-feit-1987
3. Oost, T.: De opgravingen "Stadsparking" te Antwerpen: een voorlopig verslag (dec. 1974-maart 1976). In: "Antwerpen", 22 (1976), 2: 68-76. www zie: Archeoweb Antwerpen http://www.avbg.be/kroniek_Antwerpen_0-1200#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf
4. Web site: Verhulst-1978 . 7 January 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150107231653/http://www.avbg.be/kroniek_Antwerpen_0-1200#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf . 7 January 2015 . live . dmy-all .
5. Web site: warmenbol-feit-1987, p.174 . 7 January 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150107231653/http://www.avbg.be/kroniek_Antwerpen_0-1200#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf . 7 January 2015 . live . dmy-all .
6. prims-asia31, p.55 http://www.avbg.be/kroniek_Antwerpen_0-1200#sthash.nsUJq1QV.dpuf
7. Web site: Antwerp city website, museum Vleeshuis . 4 January 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150104181104/http://www.museumvleeshuis.be/Museum_Vleeshuis_NL/VleeshuisNL/VleeshuisNL-Museum/Museum-Gebouw.html# . 4 January 2015 . live . dmy-all .
8. Book: Arjan Van Dixhoorn . Susie Speakman Sutch . The Reach of the Republic of Letters: Literary and Learned Societies in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. 2008. Brill . 978-90-04-16955-5 .
9. Book: Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum . Robert Proctor . London . Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company . 1898 . Books Printed From Types: Belgium: Anvers . HathiTrust . 2027/uc1.c3450632 . Robert Proctor (bibliographer) .
10. Book: Patrick Robertson. Robertson's Book of Firsts . 2011. Bloomsbury . 978-1-60819-738-5.
11. Web site: Antwerp city website, Museum Vleeshuis . 4 January 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150104181104/http://www.museumvleeshuis.be/Museum_Vleeshuis_NL/VleeshuisNL/VleeshuisNL-Museum/Museum-Gebouw.html# . 4 January 2015 . live . dmy-all .
12. Antwerp (city) . 2 . Boulger . Demetrius Charles . Demetrius Charles Boulger . 155 - 156 .
13. Book: De boekdrukkers, boekverkoopers en uitgevers in Antwerpen . Frans Olthoff . 1891 . Ruef . Antwerpen . nl .
14. Book: Tim Carter. Tim Carter (musicologist). John Butt. John Butt (musician). Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music . 2005. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-79273-8 . Places and Institutions . Stephen Rose . https://books.google.com/books?id=mHJvKVq0vXoC&pg=PA547 .
15. Web site: Spectaculorum in susceptione Philippi Hispan. Princ. a. 1549 Antverpia aeditorum mirificus apparatus. https://archive.today/20130217115255/http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/03486/AFD7A32B6E676C1726199DB47C11B5F5573E2D2D. dead. 2013-02-17. Grapheus, Cornelius. 2013-01-08. Europeana.
16. Book: Martha Pollak . Cities at War in Early Modern Europe . 2010. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-11344-1 . Paradigmatic Citadels: Antwerp/Turin . https://books.google.com/books?id=A6NfiUjDFfMC&pg=PA13 .
17. Web site: Historica narratio profectionis et inavgvrationis serenissimorvm Belgii principvm Alberti et Isabellae, Avstriae archidvcvm. https://archive.today/20130217112204/http://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/04202/A3F0FB155DFDDD017425DA47DBD685DA2E430968. dead. 2013-02-17. Bochius, Johannes, 1555-1609. Joannes Bochius. 2013-01-08. Europeana. . Marrying the City, Mothering the Country: Gender and Visual Conventions in Johannes Bochius's Account of the Joyous Entry of the Archduke Albert and the Infanta Isabella into Antwerp . Margit Thøfner . Oxford Art Journal . 22 . 1999 .
18. Web site: Entry of Ferdinand, Infante of Spain, into Antwerp. (Antwerp: 15th May, 1635) . . British Library . 30 August 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140326035128/http://special-1.bl.uk/treasures/festivalbooks/BookDetails.aspx?strFest=0152# . 26 March 2014 . live . dmy-all .
19. The Decorations for Archduke Leopold William's State Entry into Antwerp . Hans Vlieghe . Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes . 1976 .
20. The Great Horticultural Show at Antwerp . Journal of Horticulture and Cottage Gardener . London . 8 April 1875 .
21. Book: Annales de la Société de médecine d'Anvers . 1863 . fr .
22. Book: Promenade au jardin zoologique d'Anvers . 1861 . J.-E. Buschmann . fr . 18 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160313141314/https://archive.org/stream/promenadeaujard00gensgoog#page/n7/mode/2up#page/n7/mode/2up . 13 March 2016 . live . dmy-all .
23. L'Enseignement technique et commercial en Belgique . Journal of the Society of Arts . London . July 1897 . Edouard Seve . fr . Institut Supérieur de Commerce d'Anvers .
24. Expressing Local Specificity: The Flemish Renaissance Revival in Belgium and the AntwerpCity Architect Pieter Jan Auguste Dens . Inge Bertels . Architectural History . 50 . 2007 .
25. Book: Europa World Year Book . 2004. . 978-1-85743-254-1 . Belgium . https://books.google.com/books?id=wGA4o-UhAfgC&pg=PA752 .
26. Book: John Warrack . Ewan West . Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera. 1996 . 3rd . Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-280028-2 . https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic00warr . registration . Antwerp . John Warrack .
27. Web site: State archives in Antwerp . State Archives in Belgium . 9 January 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130824135225/http://arch.arch.be/%7Btaal%7D/component/option,com_rab_instellingen/task,view/id,15/Itemid,177# . 24 August 2013 . live . dmy-all .
28. Web site: Historiek . nl . Artesis Hogeschool Antwerpen - Koninklijk Conservatorium . 9 January 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120922132129/http://www.artesis.be/conservatorium/organisatie/historiek.htm . 22 September 2012 . dmy-all .
29. Book: Ian V. Hogg. Historical Dictionary of World War I. 1998. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-3372-2 . Antwerp . https://books.google.com/books?id=A574mjoDCSoC&pg=PA13 .
30. Book: Chris Cook. John Stevenson. Longman Handbook of Twentieth Century Europe . 2003. Routledge . 978-1-317-89224-3 . First World War: Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=olmPBAAAQBAJ&pg=PP21 .
31. Book: M. S. Vassiliou . Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry . 2009. . 978-0-8108-6288-3 . Chronology . https://books.google.com/books?id=vArc08DO9ykC&pg=PR23 . Marius Vassiliou .
32. Web site: Entreprises Jacques Delens . fr . La recherche aux Archives de l'État: Producteurs . . 30 August 2015 .
33. Web site: History . Zeno X Gallery . 9 January 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130123092141/http://www.zeno-x.com/gallery.htm . 23 January 2013 . dmy-all .
34. Antwerp: A Modern City with a Significant Historic Heritage . Karel Vroom . GeoJournal . 24 . 3 . 1991 . 10.1007/bf00189028. 143213976 .
35. Web site: Belgian mayors . London . City Mayors.com . . 29 April 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130427004003/http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/belgian-mayors.html# . 27 April 2013 . live . dmy-all .
36. Web site: Geschiedenis stadsarchief . FelixArchief . nl . 9 January 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150919195807/http://www.felixarchief.be/Stad-FelixArchief/Publicatiekanalen/Stad/Stad-FelixArchief/Website-FelixArchief/Website-FelixArchief-Hoofdnavigatie/Stadsgeschiedenis/Stadsgeschiedenis-Geschiedenis-stadsarchief.html# . 19 September 2015 . live . dmy-all .
37. Web site: History . 3 October 2012 . Antwerp World Diamond Centre . 19 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130220003358/http://www.awdc.be/en/history# . 20 February 2013 . live . dmy-all .