| Tilaiya Dam | |
| Name Official: | Tilaiya Dam |
| Location Map: | India Jharkhand |
| Location Map Caption: | Location in Jharkhand |
| Coordinates: | 24.3239°N 85.5211°W |
| Country: | India |
| Location: | Koderma district, Jharkhand |
| Status: | Functional |
| Opening: | 21 February 1953 |
| Owner: | Damodar Valley Corporation |
| Dam Type: | Concrete gravity dam |
| Dam Crosses: | Barakar River |
| Spillway Type: | Concrete spillways |
| Spillway Capacity: | 1348 cubic meters/s |
| Res Name: | Tilaiya reservoir |
| Res Capacity Total: | 380.71 million cubic meters (13.45 tmcft) |
| Res Capacity Active: | 305.93 million cubic meters (10.8 tmcft) |
| Res Surface: | 59.08 square kms |
| Plant Operator: | Damodar Valley Corporation |
| Plant Capacity: | 4 MW |
Tilaiya Dam was the first of the four multi-purpose dams included in the first phase of the Damodar Valley Corporation. It was constructed across the Barakar River, at Tilaiya in Koderma district in the Indian state of Jharkhand and opened in 1953.
The valley of the Damodar River was flood prone and the devastating flood of 1943, lead to the formation of the high-powered ”Damodar Flood Enquiry Committee” by the government of Bengal. The committee recommended the formation of a body similar to the Tennessee Valley Authority of the United States. Subsequently, W.L. Voorduin, a senior engineer of TVA, was appointed to study the problem. He suggested the multi-purpose development of the valley as a whole in 1944. Damodar Valley Corporation was set up in 1948 as “the first multipurpose river valley project of independent India.”[1]
The first dam was built across the Barakar River at Tilaiya and inaugurated in 1953. The second dam, Konar Dam, across the Konar River was inaugurated in 1955. The third dam across the Barakar River at Maithon was inaugurated in 1957. The fourth dam across the Damodar at Panchet was inaugurated in 1959.[2]
DVC was formed with the central government and the governments of Bihar (later Jharkhand) and West Bengal participating in it. The main aims of the corporation were flood control, irrigation, generation and transmission of electricity, and year-round navigation. The corporation was also expected to provide indirect support for the over-all development of the region. However, while Voorduin had proposed the construction of eight dams, DVC built only four.[3]
Tilaiya Dam was built across the Barakar River, a tributary of the Damodar River, about above the point of confluence.[3] It is only from its source. At the point where the dam has been built, the river passes through a narrow gorge, with hills rising steeply on both the sides. It is a concrete gravity dam with a maximum height of, while the hills on both the sides rise to a height of about . The spillway has 14 crest gates. There are 2 modified sluice gates at a lower level for release of water during the dry season. The reservoir is spread over an area of .[4]
Tilaiya Dam was inaugurated on 21 February 1953. It has a power generation capacity of 2 x 2 MW.[2]
The main (Patna-Ranchi) road from Barhi on Grand Trunk Road passing through hills overlooking the reservoir is picturesque.[5]
The Indian Postal Service issued a set of four stamps for the Five-Year Plan series on 26 January 1955, that included one stamp of one anna value depicting Tilaiya Dam. Shortly after opening the Tilaiya dam, pictured on the one-anna stamp, Nehru commented in a letter to the chief ministers that "the sight of those works filled me, as it did others who were present, with a sense of great achievement."[6]