Tierra Blanca Joven eruption explained
| Tierra Blanca Joven eruption |
| Coordinates: | 13.67°N -89.05°W |
| Vei: | 6 |
| Map: | Tierra Blanca Joven Ilopango eruption.jpg |
| Map-Caption: | The estimated ashfall in the region during the Tierra Blanca Joven eruption. The ash covered at least 10000km2 up to 50cm (20inches) deep,[1] and nearly 2000000km2 with a blanket at least 0.5cm (00.2inches) in depth.[2] The red spot is the ash at the bottom of the image. |
The Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Lake Ilopango was the largest volcanic eruption in El Salvador during historic times, and one of the largest volcanic events on Earth in the past 7,000 years, registering at 6 on the Volcanic explosivity index (VEI), and dating back to the mid 5th century A.D. The eruption produced between NaNkm3 of ejecta (dense-rock equivalent).[2] [3] [4] The date of the eruption has been constrained within 429–433 CE by identifying its signature volcanic ash in precision-dated ice cores sampled from Greenland, thus eliminating it as the cause of extreme weather events of 535–536.[2]
Volcanic eruption
The Tierra Blanca Joven eruption is El Salvador's largest volcanic eruption in the last 10,000 years. This VEI-6 Plinian eruption occurred during the 5th century and was larger than the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa or the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, having probably been more comparable to the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora.[5] It produced about NaNkm3 of tephra (several times as much as the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens), produced major pyroclastic fall and large pyroclastic flows that covered 10000km2 with over 50cm (20inches) of pumice and ash,[1] and nearly 2000000km2 with a blanket of ash at least 0.5cm (00.2inches) in depth.[2] The eruption devastated an area of up to 100km (100miles) radius around the volcano. Having produced NaNkm3 (dense-rock equivalent) of volcanic products,[4] the Tierra Blanca Joven eruption is one of the largest volcanic events on Earth in recorded history.[6]
See also
External links
Notes and References
- Dull. Robert A.. Southon. John R.. Sheets. Payson. Volcanism, Ecology and Culture: A Reassessment of the Volcán Ilopango TBJ eruption in the Southern Maya Realm. Late Antiquity. Society for American Archaeology. 12. 1. 25–44. 2001. 971755. 10.2307/971755. 163686184 . subscription. 2023-12-29.
- Smith . Victoria C. . Costa . Antonio . Aguirre-Díaz . Gerardo . Pedrazzi . Dario . Scifo . Andrea . Plunkett . Gill . Poret . Mattieu . Tournigand . Pierre-Yves . Miles . Dan . Dee . Michael W. . McConnell . Joseph R. . Sunyé-Puchol . Ivan . Harris . Pablo Dávila . Sigl . Michael . Pilcher . Jonathan R. . 2020-10-20 . The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . en . 117 . 42 . 26061–26068 . 10.1073/pnas.2003008117 . 0027-8424 . 7584997 . 32989145. 2020PNAS..11726061S . free .
- Dull . Robert A. . Southon . John R. . Kutterolf . Steffen . Anchukaitis . Kevin J. . Freundt . Armin . Wahl . David B. . Sheets . Payson . Amaroli . Paul . Hernandez . Walter . Wiemann . Michael C. . Oppenheimer . Clive . 2019 . Radiocarbon and geologic evidence reveal Ilopango volcano as source of the colossal 'mystery' eruption of 539/40 CE . Quaternary Science Reviews . en . 222 . 105855 . 2019QSRv..22205855D . 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.07.037 . 0277-3791 . 202190161. free .
- Jicha. Brian R. Hernández. Walter. Effusive and explosive eruptive history of the Ilopango caldera complex, El Salvador. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 421. 107426. January 2022. Elsevier. 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107426. free. 2022JVGR..42107426J .
- Web site: Ilopango. www.volcanodiscovery.com.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20190823104634/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/08/colossal-volcano-behind-mystery-global-cooling-found/ Colossal volcano behind 'mystery' global cooling finally found
