Thomas W. L. Sanford Explained

Thomas W. L. Sanford
Nationality:American
Fields:Plasma physics
Education:University of Washington (B.S.)
Columbia University (M.A., Ph.D.)
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Thesis Year:1973
Doctoral Advisor:Leon M. Lederman
Known For:Z-pinch multi-wire array
Awards:
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Thomas W. L. "Tom" Sanford (born around 1945) is an American plasma physicist who developed a multi-wire array for use in a pulsed Z-pinch plasma system which resulted in a breakthrough for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research.[1] In 2005, he was awarded the Hannes Alfvén Prize with Malcolm Haines and Valentin Smirnov for his contributions to the field.[2]

Life and career

Sanford studied mathematics and physics at the University of Washington and obtained a bachelor's degree magna cum laude in 1965. He then went on to Columbia University, where he completed his master's degree in physics in 1967 and received his doctorate from Leon M. Lederman in 1973.[3] Upon his graduation, he worked at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (with T. G. Walker), at CERN and at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (with Samuel C. C. Ting).[4] In 1982, he was a member of Sandia National Laboratories and was involved in the development of the HERMES III (High Energy Radiation Megavolt Electron Source) electron accelerator, which was used to generate X-rays and gamma rays to simulate the effects of nuclear explosions.[5] In 1991, he became a Distinguished Member of the laboratory.

Scientific contributions

Sanford further developed the Z-pinch with wire arrangements, which had previously been successfully tested in Russia by Valentin Smirnov, via the Saturn experiment to the Z-machine.[6] [7] It was the strongest X-ray source in the mid-2000s (2 megajoules in 6 nanoseconds with 200 terawatts of power),[8] which also generated record temperatures of 2 to 3 billion Kelvin for a short time.[9] Two cylindrical shells of wire assemblies, through which a high current (20 megaamps) is sent, implode onto a central target, where high-intensity X-rays are generated for inertial fusion experiments or other studies.[10] [11] This was studied with the dynamic hohlraum X-ray source.[12] [13]

Honors and awards

Sanford is a fellow of the American Physical Society since 2000.[14]

Notes and References

  1. Sanford. T. W. L.. Olson. R. E.. Bowers. R. L.. Chandler. G. A.. Derzon. M. S.. Hebron. D. E.. Leeper. R. J.. Mock. R. C.. Nash. T. J.. Peterson. D. L.. Ruggles. L. E.. 1999. Z -Pinch-Generated X Rays Demonstrate Potential for Indirect-Drive ICF Experiments. Physical Review Letters. en. 83. 26. 5511–5514. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.5511. 1999PhRvL..83.5511S. 0031-9007.
  2. Lister. Jo. 2005. Award of the 2005 Hannes Alfvén Prize of the European Physical Society to Malcolm Haines, Tom Sanford and Valentin Smirnov. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. en. 47. 12B. 10.1088/0741-3335/47/12b/e02. 250850964 . 0741-3335.
  3. Sanford. T.. Childress. S.. Dugan. G.. Lederman. L. M.. Price. L. E.. 1973. Elastic Muon-Carbon Scattering in a Low-Momentum-Transfer Region. Physical Review C. 8. 3. 896–908. 10.1103/PhysRevC.8.896. 1973PhRvC...8..896S.
  4. Web site: Thomas W. L. Sanford. 2020-06-14. IEEE.
  5. Web site: Sandia National Laboratories: Saturn and HERMES III Accelerators. 2020-06-14. www.sandia.gov.
  6. Hammer. James H.. Eddleman. James L.. Springer. Paul T.. Tabak. Max. Toor. Arthur. Wong. Keith L.. Zimmerman. George B.. Deeney. Chris. Humphreys. Russ. Nash. Thomas J.. Sanford. Thomas W. L.. 1996. Two-dimensional radiation-magnetohydrodynamic simulations of SATURN imploding Z pinches. Physics of Plasmas. en. 3. 5. 2063–2069. 10.1063/1.872003. 1996PhPl....3.2063H. 1070-664X.
  7. Sanford. T. W. L.. Nash. T. J.. Mock. R. C.. Spielman. R. B.. Struve. K. W.. Hammer. J. H.. De Groot. J. S.. Whitney. K. G.. Apruzese. J. P.. 1997. Dynamics of a high-power aluminum-wire array Z-pinch implosion. Physics of Plasmas. en. 4. 6. 2188–2203. 10.1063/1.872382. 1997PhPl....4.2188S. 1070-664X.
  8. Spielman. R. B.. Deeney. C.. Chandler. G. A.. Douglas. M. R.. Fehl. D. L.. Matzen. M. K.. McDaniel. D. H.. Nash. T. J.. Porter. J. L.. Sanford. T. W. L.. Seamen. J. F.. 1998. Tungsten wire-array Z-pinch experiments at 200 TW and 2 MJ. Physics of Plasmas. en. 5. 5. 2105–2111. 10.1063/1.872881. 1998PhPl....5.2105S. 1070-664X.
  9. Web site: Physik. Welt der. Hitzerekord im Labor - warum es im Plasma so heiß wird und effektiv Röntgenstrahlung abgibt. 2020-06-14. www.weltderphysik.de. de.
  10. Sanford. T. W. L.. Mock. R. C.. Spielman. R. B.. Haines. M. G.. Chittenden. J. P.. Whitney. K. G.. Apruzese. J. P.. Peterson. D. L.. Greenly. J. B.. Sinars. D. B.. Reisman. D. B.. 1999. Wire array Z-pinch insights for enhanced x-ray production. Physics of Plasmas. en. 6. 5. 2030–2040. 10.1063/1.873458. 1999PhPl....6.2030S. 123228897 . 1070-664X.
  11. Sanford. T. W. L.. Mock. R. C.. Spielman. R. B.. Peterson. D. L.. Mosher. D.. Roderick. N. F.. 1998. Increased x-ray power generated from low-mass large-number aluminum-wire-array Z-pinch implosions. Physics of Plasmas. en. 5. 10. 3737–3754. 10.1063/1.872984. 1998PhPl....5.3737S. 1070-664X.
  12. Sanford. T. W. L.. Lemke. R. W.. Mock. R. C.. Chandler. G. A.. Leeper. R. J.. Ruiz. C. L.. Peterson. D. L.. Chrien. R. E.. Idzorek. G. C.. Watt. R. G.. Chittenden. J. P.. 2002. Dynamics and characteristics of a 215-eV dynamic-hohlraum x-ray source on Z. Physics of Plasmas. en. 9. 8. 3573–3594. 10.1063/1.1489676. 2002PhPl....9.3573S. 1070-664X.
  13. Web site: 2010-06-21. UCSD Center for Energy Research > News & Events > Seminars > Fusion seminars. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100621222900/http://cer.ucsd.edu/SEMINARS/Sanford.shtml. 2010-06-21. 2020-06-14.
  14. Web site: APS Fellow Archive. 2020-06-14. American Physical Society. en.

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