Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon explained

Honorific-Prefix:The Right Honourable
The Earl of Clarendon
Honorific-Suffix:PC
Office:Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of Augustus III
Term Start:1738
Term End:1742
Office1:Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of Maria Theresa
Term Start1:1742
Term End1:1743
Monarch1:George II
Office2:Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of Frederick II of Prussia
Term Start2:1746
Term End2:1748
Monarch2:George II
Term Start3:1747
Term End3:1756
Constituency Mp3:Tamworth
Primeminister3:Henry Pelham
The Duke of Newcastle
Predecessor3:Lord John Sackville
Successor3:William de Grey
Office4:Postmaster General
Primeminister4:George Grenville
Term Start4:1763
Term End4:1765
Predecessor4:The Earl of Egmont
Successor4:The Earl of Bessborough
Primeminister5:William Pitt the Younger
Term Start5:1786
Term End5:his death
Predecessor5:The Earl of Tankerville
Successor5:The Lord Walsingham
Office6:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Primeminister6:The Lord North
Term Start6:1771
Term End6:1782
Predecessor6:The Lord Strange
Successor6:The Lord Ashburton
Primeminister7:William Pitt the Younger
Term Start7:1783
Term End7:1786
Predecessor7:The Earl of Derby
Successor7:The Lord Hawkesbury
Birth Date:1709
Death Place:Watford, England
Nationality:English
Spouse:Lady Charlotte Capell
Party:Whig
Alma Mater:Queens' College, Cambridge
Occupation:Politician and diplomat

Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon, PC (1709 – 11 December 1786) was a British politician and diplomat from the Villiers family.

Clarendon was the second son of William Villiers, 2nd Earl of Jersey, and his wife Judith Herne, daughter of Frederick Herne.

Political career

Villiers received his education at Eton College and then Queens' College, Cambridge. Following his graduation, he became a diplomat.

Villiers became the British envoy to both the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Electorate of Saxony from 1740 to 1747. At the time both realms were in personal union under Augustus III of Poland. He was also sent to Vienna, capital of the Archduchy of Austria, as an envoy to the court of Maria Theresa of Austria from 1742 to 1743. He was last sent to Berlin, capital of the Kingdom of Prussia, as an envoy to the court of Frederick II of Prussia from 1746 to 1748.

Villiers was also involved in domestic politics as a member of the British Whig Party, which at the time dominated the Parliament of Great Britain. He was elected to Parliament in the 1747 British general election. He sat as a Member of Parliament for Tamworth from 1747 to 1756. He retired from all diplomatic offices at this time.

He was a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty, one of seven members of the Board of Admiralty exercising command over the Royal Navy from 26 February 1748 to 17 November 1756. He served under First Lords of the Admiralty John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, and George Anson, 1st Baron Anson throughout his term.

On 3 June 1756, the barony of Hyde held by his wife's ancestors the Earls of Clarendon was revived. Villiers was raised to the peerage as Baron Hyde of Hindon in the County of Wiltshire.

Hyde served as Postmaster General from 1763 to 1765. On 9 September 1763, he was admitted to the Privy Council. He also served as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1771 to 1782 and again from 1783 to 1786.

On 14 June 1776 the earldom of Clarendon, which had become extinct with the death of Henry Hyde, 4th Earl of Clarendon in 1753, was revived and Hyde was made Earl of Clarendon. In 1782 he was also made a Baron of the Kingdom of Prussia, an honour which he received Royal licence to use in Kingdom of Great Britain.

Clarendon returned to the office of Postmaster-General in commission with Henry Carteret, 1st Baron Carteret, in September 1786. This was to be his final political assignment.

Lord Clarendon died in December 1786, aged 77. He was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son Thomas.

Family

On 30 March 1752 he married Charlotte Capell, daughter of William Capell, 3rd Earl of Essex, and his wife Jane Hyde, daughter of Henry Hyde, 4th Earl of Clarendon (of the 1661 creation) and Jane Leveson-Gower. They had four children:

Robert Grimston, 1st Baron Grimston of Westbury's daughter, the Hon. Rosemary Sybella Violet Grimston, married the actor Charles Edward Underdown, on the 10th. February 1953. Charles Edward Underdown and Rosemary Grimston were sixth cousins, through their common ancestors Thomas Villiers, 1st. Earl of Clarendon, and Lady Charlotte Capell, according to Burke's Peerage, (Volume 2, page 1685, 107th. edition, 2003).

He bought and remodelled The Grove, a country house near Watford, Hertfordshire.

External links

Notes and References

  1. The Register of Births & Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster Vol. IV. 1741-1760. 7 December 1757.