| Honorific-Prefix: | The Right Honourable |
| The Lord Pelham | |
| Birth Date: | 1653 |
| Death Date: | 23 February 1712 |
| Spouse: | Elizabeth Jones (m. 1679, died 1681) Grace Holles (m. 1686, died 1700) |
| Children: | Elizabeth Townshend, Viscountess Townshend Lucy Pelham Grace Naylor Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne Henry Pelham Frances Wandesford, Viscountess Castlecomer Gertrude Polhill Lucy Clinton, Countess of Lincoln Margaret, Lady Shelley |
| Father: | Sir John Pelham, 3rd Baronet |
| Mother: | Lucy Sidney |
| Constituency Mp1: | East Grinstead |
| Parliament1: | English |
| Term Start1: | 1678 |
| Term End1: | 1679 |
| Constituency Mp2: | Lewes |
| Parliament2: | English |
| Term Start2: | 1679 |
| Term End2: | 1702 |
| Constituency Mp3: | Sussex |
| Parliament3: | English |
| Term Start3: | 1702 |
| Term End3: | 1705 |
Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham of Laughton Bt (1653 - 23 February 1712) was a moderate English Whig politician and Member of Parliament for several constituencies. He is best remembered as the father of two British prime ministers (Henry Pelham and the Duke of Newcastle) who, between them, served for 18 years as first minister.
Pelham was born in Laughton, Sussex, the son of Sir John Pelham, 3rd Baronet and his wife Lucy Sidney (daughter of Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester). Pelham was educated at Tonbridge School and Christ Church, Oxford.
He sat for East Grinstead from October 1678 until August 1679. In October 1679 he was returned for Lewes, serving until 1702; he subsequently chose to sit for Sussex, a seat he held until 1705.[1]
On 26 November 1679 Pelham married Elizabeth Jones,[1] daughter of Sir William Jones, Attorney General from 1650 to 1679 and his wife Elizabeth Alleyn, with whom he had two daughters:
Pelham's wife Elizabeth died in October 1681. In May 1686, he married Lady Grace Holles[1] (daughter of Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare and Grace Pierrepoint), with whom he had two sons and five daughters:
Both of Pelham's sons went on to serve as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He served as a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury for three separate periods (March 1690–March 1692; May 1697–June 1699 and March 1701–May 1702); in 1706, he was elevated to the peerage as Baron Pelham of Laughton (having previously succeeded to his father's baronetage in 1703).[2]