| Thomas Larkin Thompson | |
| Term Start: | 1883 |
| Term End: | 1887 |
| Predecessor: | Daniel M. Burns |
| Successor: | William C. Hendricks |
| Office2: | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California's 1st district |
| Term Start2: | March 4, 1887 |
| Term End2: | March 3, 1889 |
| Term Start3: | September 9, 1893 |
| Term End3: | July 17, 1897 |
| Successor3: | Edwin H. Conger |
| Birth Date: | 31 May 1838 |
| Birth Place: | Charleston, Virginia (now West Virginia) |
| Death Place: | Santa Rosa, California |
| Father: | Robert A. Thompson |
Thomas Larkin Thompson (May 31, 1838 – February 1, 1898) was an American newspaperman and politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from California from 1887 to 1889. He was the son of Robert Augustine Thompson.
Born in Charleston, Virginia (now West Virginia), Thompson attended the common schools and Buffalo Academy, Virginia (now West Virginia). He moved to California in 1855 and settled in Sonoma County. He established the Petaluma Journal the same year. He purchased the Sonoma Democrat in 1860, and was the editor of that paper. He served as delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1880 and 1892, and was secretary of state of California 1883-1887. He declined to be a candidate for renomination.
Thompson was elected as a Democrat to the 50th United States Congress (March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889). He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 1888 to the 51st Congress.
He was appointed on April 4, 1891, commissioner from California to the World's Fair at Chicago. He was minister to Brazil from April 24, 1893, to May 27, 1897.
He died in Santa Rosa, California, February 1, 1898, and was interred in the Rural Cemetery.